湿法消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中的硒

硒是典型的双功能元素,其在人体内的安全范围较窄,适量的硒摄入有利于健康,摄入过量则会导致硒中毒.采用湿法消解样品,对样品前处理、仪器条件、还原剂硼氢化钾浓度、预还原时间等条件进行优化,通过对方法的检出限、准确度和精密度进行研究,建立了湿法消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中硒的方法.结果显示,针对不同浓度范围的标准物质测定...     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定植物样品中的硒

本文应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法对植物样品中硒总量的测定方法进行研究。优化了植物样品预处理,选取H2O2-HNO2(1∶5,V/V)体系微波消解;优化了测定中载流与还原剂的浓度,选定载流HCl浓度为15%,还原剂KBH4浓度为1.5%。该方法测定植物样品中的总硒,线性范围为0~100μg/L(r=0.9995),检出限为0.0906μg/L,回收率在90.0%~112.2%范围,精密度(RSD)小于0.39%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、检出限低,适合对植物样品中硒总量的分析测定。     

ICP-MS法测定聚酯纤维中TiO2含量

采用湿法和微波法对聚酯纤维样品进行消解,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪(ICP-MS)对样品中TiO2含量进行了测定,得到湿法消解样品测定值2 857.46μg/g(相对标准偏差为1.08%),微波消解样品测定值2599.21μg/g(相对标准偏差为2.76%).分别测定了两种消解方法的检出限,湿法消解检出限为4.0 ...     

氢化物发生原子荧光法同时测定保健品中痕量锗和硒

采用微波消解样品,氢化物发生原子荧光法同时测定保健品中的锗和硒.研究了仪器条件、酸度、 KBH4浓度等对测定的影响,锗和硒的检出限为0.40和0.51 μg/L;相对标准偏差均为2.0%;回收率为77.1%～105.2%和80.0%～108.2%,已用于保健品中锗和硒的测定.     

微波消解-双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定家禽内脏中的硒和汞

最佳分析条件下,采用微波消解样品,以HCl为预还原剂和测定介质,用氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定了家禽内脏中硒汞的含量。硒、汞的质量浓度分别在12.00～24.00μg/L范围与相应的荧光强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限分别为0.065μg/L和0.010μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别在1.3%～2.8%和2.4%～4.3%(n=5)之间,回收率范围分别为93.6%～101.1%和92.2%～98.6%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定包装材料中10种有毒元素

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定包装材料中铬,镍,铜,锌、砷、硒、钼、镉、汞、铅10种有毒元素的方法。以硝酸和过氧化氢为消解试剂,采用微波消解法消解样品,在选定的仪器工作条件下进行测定。汞的质量浓度在1～10μg/L范围内,其它9种元素的质量浓度在1～100μg/L范围内与质谱响应值具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.999 7,方法检出限为0.000 3～0.027 6 mg/kg。塑料和纸质包装材料样品中10种元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.10%～4.44%(n=7),样品加标回收率为85.17%～106.16%。该方法适用于包装材料中多种元素的同时测定。     

湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中汞

建立了湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱仪测定农产品中汞含量的方法。选取大米和芹菜作为实验样品,对消解酸体系(硝酸、硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-高氯酸)、消解温度(100、110、120、130、140℃)和消解时间(30、45、60、90 min)等条件进行探讨,确定最佳实验条件,并与常规微波消解效果进行对比。结果表明,优化后的硝酸-高氯酸体系条件下120℃消解30 min,方法在0～2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 6,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度为2.4%～3.9%。两种消解方法对于大米和芹菜质控样的测定值基本一致,均在质控样范围。相较于常规微波前处理方法,简化了样品前处理流程,提高了工作效率,可为农产品汞含量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

微波消解–双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中的硒和锑

建立微波消解原子荧光法同时测定土壤中硒与锑的含量。以硝酸–盐酸–过氧化氢作为消解体系,用微波消解方法对土壤样品进行前处理。对实验条件进行了优化,灯电流硒灯为50 mA,锑灯为60 mA,载气流量为300mL/min,光电倍增管负高压为270 V,原子化器高度为8 mm,气态物发生的还原剂选择20 g/L硼氢化钾–5 g/L氢氧化钠溶液。硒、锑的质量浓度分别在0～20,0～8μg/L范围内与其荧光强度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r分别为0.999 5,0.999 7,检出限分别为0.009 7,0.008 7mg/kg。用该方法对土壤标准物质进行测定,硒、锑测定结果的相对误差分别为–0.7%～2.5%,0.8%～2.9%,相对标准偏差分别为2.6%～4.2%,1.8%～4.0%(n=6),样品加标回收率分别为93.6%～95.0%,94.8%～104.0%。该方法试剂用量小,干扰少,适用于大量土壤样品中硒和锑的同时测定。     

湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中硒

以全血样品为原料,探讨湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中的硒含量。血样经硝酸-高氯酸消解后,用硼氢化钠将硒还原成硒化氢,由氩气载入原子化器,产生的原子荧光强度与试液中硒元素含量在一定范围内呈正比,外标法定量。以消解效率为指标,优化样品的消解条件,测定血中硒在0-10μg/L范围内线性情况良好,相关系数为0.9992,最低检出限为0.143μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.51%-1.58%,平均加标回收率为90.86%-104.62%。血中硒的原子荧光测定法灵敏度高,精密度和稳定性好,可应用于血中硒的生物监测。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法自动进样快速测定烟道灰中硒的应用研究

应用常规湿法消解与微波高压溶样2种不同的样品分解方法,研究了氢化物发生。原子荧光光谱法（HGAFS）测定烟道灰中的硒．硒标准系列浓度在0．000～0．024mg／L范围内与荧光强度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0．9998。方法检出限为0．0075mg／kg,相对标准偏差在0．87％～1．30％之间,加标回收率为98％～105％,实验证实方法具备灵敏、快速、准确等优点．亦为回收利用烟道灰中的硒提供了科学依据。     

湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中汞含量

建立了湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱仪测定农产品中汞含量的方法。选取大米和芹菜作为实验样品,对消解酸体系(硝酸、硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-高氯酸)、消解温度(100、110、120、130、140℃)和消解时间(30、45、60、90 min)等条件进行探讨,确定最佳实验条件,并与常规微波消解效果进行对比。结果表明,优化后的硝酸-高氯酸体系条件下120℃消解30 min,方法在0~2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度为2.4%~3.9%。两种消解方法对于大米和芹菜质控样的测定值基本一致,均在质控样范围。相较于常规微波前处理方法,简化了样品前处理流程,提高了工作效率,可为农产品汞含量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

固体进样-石墨炉原子吸收法测定农产品中重金属元素含量

采用直接固体进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(SS-GFAAS)测定农产品中镉、铅、铜和铬重金属元素含量.通过标准物质、质控样品和电感耦合等离子体质谱法比对试验验证,各元素方法检出限均低于25 pg.方法操作简单、对环境友好、重复性好、结果准确、检出限低,满足农产品检测要求.     

Evaluation of microwave digestion and solvent extraction for the determination of trace amounts of selenium in feeds and plant and animal tissues by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A sensitive method for the accurate determination of Se in agricultural products at sub-ppm levels is described. The proposed procedure involves the wet oxidation of samples by using a mixture of nitric, sulphuric and perchloric acids, co-extraction of Se and added Pd with diethylammonium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate in chloroform, and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of Se in the organic extract. Atomization and extraction conditions are discussed. Special attention is given to the wet oxidation step, and its advantages in speed and simplicity over conventional heating have been evaluated using an automated microwave digestion system. The results reported, obtained from several reference materials, confirm the accuracy of the method with which a detection limit of 0.002 micrograms g-1 of Se can be achieved.     

Determination of the total selenium in different materials by pixe

The determination of the total selenium in different materials is now a routine task for many laboratories. A few problems, however, still remain concerning the choice of an efficient digestion technique and an accurate and precise detection method. For this purpose, we investigated the action of various reagents used for the wet digestion of different materials. Efficient digestion combined with preconcentration were successfully applied to biological samples. Using PIXE, selenium can be detected at 5 ppb level in a short time. The overall performance of wet digestion and PIXE methods were tested with some standard reference materials.     

AFS和GFAAS法测定富硒粮食中硒含量的比较研究

富硒粮食是产量较大的富硒农产品,受到消费者的喜好。通过原子荧光光谱法(AFS)和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）分别测定粮食中硒含量。比较这2种常用的硒测定方法,分析影响结果准确度的主要因素、方法的特点及适用条件,为富硒粮食生产监管选择适合分析方法提供参考依据。AFS法的方法检出限为0.2 ug/L,其灵敏度相对较高;GFAAS法的方法检出限为0.6 ug/L,其灵敏度相对较低,但操作较为简捷快速。分别采用这2种方法测定对国家标准物质GBW10045大米中硒含量进行测定,结果准确,这2种方法均适用于富硒粮食的硒含量测定工作。     

Determination of selenium in vegetables by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A digestion mixture of H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O₂/HF/V₂O₅ was investigated for decomposition of plant samples and sensitive detection of selenium was achieved by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). The method was found to be accurate and reproducible, with a low detection limit (DL) (0.14 ng g⁻¹ solution). The repeatability of the determination was mostly around 10%, the reproducibility over a period of 8 months for determination of selenium in the standard reference material Trace Elements in Spinach Leaves, NIST 1570a, was 9% and the relative measurement uncertainty was 7% using a coverage factor of 2.3 at 95% probability. The average recovery of the whole procedure was 90%. The characteristics of this method are simple and inexpensive equipment, low consumption of chemicals and the ability to analyse many samples in a short time. The whole procedure was carried out in the same PTFE tube, and in addition only a simple cleaning procedure is needed. As a consequence of all these advantages, the described method is suitable for environmental and nutritional studies. The selenium content was determined in 44 vegetable samples from different regions of Slovenia and the contents found were in the range 0.3-77 ng g⁻¹ wet weight.     

Determination of selenium in food matrices by replicate sample neutron activation analysis

The replicate sample instrumental neutron activation method was optimized and used for the determination of selenium in foodstuffs. The method was reliable, yielding accurate results. Lower detections limits were obtained after each successive irradiation. Different irradiation conditions were used depending on the type of sample. For samples with higher selenium contents (meat, fish, eggs), the measured selenium in the first replicate is in all cases larger than the detection limit, but a better accuracy was obtained with a larger number of replicates (2–3 replicates). For samples with extremely low selenium contents (vegetable samples), at least seven replicates were necessary to obtain a concentration value two times larger than the detection limit.     

A method for determination of selenium in organic tissues using microwave digestion and liquid chromatography

An existing laboratory procedure for selenium analysis using open-vessel wet digestion and liquid chromatographic fluorescence determination was modified for use with microwave digestion. The proposed microwave digestion method eliminated the hazards associated with the use of HClO4 while maintaining excellent recoveries of selenium. A 2-step HNO3/H2O2 digestion procedure was developed. Digested samples were derivatized with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene, and the resultant piazselenol complex was measured fluorometrically using a liquid chromatograph. Measured values were in agreement with 9 different certified reference materials. The detection limit for this method was 0.54 ng Se/g tissue (3 sigma), and the calibration curve remained linear (r2 = 0.9968) up to 2 microg Se/g.     

Determination of selenium, zinc and cadmium in antidandruff shampoos by atomic spectrometry after microwave assisted sample digestion

Microwave assisted pre-treatments for atomic spectrometric determination (inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES or flame atomic absorption spectrometry, FAAS) of metallic elements, usually present in antidandruff shampoos, are proposed. They are based on the digestion of the sample with HNO₃ into a closed reactor, which is irradiated at 800 W for a few minutes. Selenium was determined by ICP-OES. The limit of detection was 0.11 mg l⁻¹; the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for the selenium content in the samples was in the 0.6–3.6% range. The results obtained were in agreement with the label contents and the recovery of the proposed method was in the 100–106% range. Zinc and cadmium were determined by FAAS. The limit of detection for zinc determination was 0.078 mg l⁻¹; the R.S.D. for zinc contents was in the 0.8–8.6% range. A limit of detection of 0.09 mg l⁻¹ was obtained for cadmium determination; the R.S.D. for cadmium contents was in the 0.7–2.7% range. The determinations were performed after two different sample mineralization pre-treatments — dry ashing (in an electric furnace) and wet mineralization (in a microwave oven). Both methodologies provided comparable results for zinc and cadmium determination in shampoos. The proposed microwave assisted digestion procedures allow a precise and accurate determination of selenium, zinc and cadmium in commercial antidandruff shampoos, and the sample pre-treatment is less time-consuming than the classic methods.