呼吸机相关性肺炎患者肺部超声评分与NAMPT、Endocan、NLR的关系

本文探讨了呼吸机相关性肺炎患者肺部超声评分(LUS)与外周血烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)、内皮细胞特异性分子-1(Endocan)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞值(NLR)的关系。选取呼吸机相关性肺炎患者80例(观察组)和非呼吸机相关性肺炎患者40例(对照组),采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者外周血NAMPT、Endocan,自动血细胞分析仪检测NLR。分析结果显示,观察组通气24 h、48 h和72 h时NAMPT、Endocan和NLR均高于对照组(P<0.05),此外,观察组死亡患者NAMPT、Endocan、NLR和LUS及变化值高于存活患者(P<0.05),上述指标联合预测患者死亡的AUC值高于各指标单独预测(P<0.05)。说明呼吸机相关性肺炎患者LUS变化与外周血NAMPT、Endocan、NLR呈正相关,联合预测患者预后有一定的应用价值。     

超声及超声造影引导下粗针活检在周围型肺部病变中的应用

探讨超声及超声造影引导下粗针活检在周围型肺部病变中的应用价值。选择158例经CT或MRI诊断为周围型肺部病变的患者作为研究对象,将其分为常规超声组及超声造影组。常规超声组在普通超声引导下进行穿刺活检,超声造影组则在普通超声的基础上行超声造影检查,然后在其引导下行经皮穿刺活检。比较超声造影组与常规超声组穿刺成功率、病灶内坏死的显示率、亚型(分类)诊断准确率、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)阳性率及穿刺术后并发症等情况。根据病理结果,超声造影组的成功率(100%)明显高于常规超声组(90%),P<0.05。超声造影组的坏死显示率(46%)明显高于常规超声组(21%),P<0.05。超声造影组的亚型(分类)诊断准确率(96%)略高于常规超声组(94%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超声造影组的EGFR阳性率(32%)略低于常规超声组(35%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超声及超声造影引导下穿刺对于周围型肺部病变的诊断具有重要价值,超声造影对于病灶与周边组织结构的关系及病灶内部的血流情况较常规超声更具优势,可有效提高穿刺成功率。     

原发肾病综合征患儿超声颈动脉参数、血清sTREM-1、suPAR水平变化及与急性肾损伤的相关性

选取原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患儿96例作为研究组,选取同期96例健康体检儿童作为对照组,开展前瞻性队列研究,均行超声颈动脉参数、血清可溶性髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(suPAR)水平检测,并进行对比分析.本研究发现,研究组患儿颈动脉内中膜厚度(cIMT)、平均管壁横...     

彩色多普勒超声参数与BRVO合并ME患者病情程度、疗效的关系

本研究探讨彩色多普勒超声参数与视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)合并黄斑水肿(ME)患者病情程度、疗效的关系。选取86例BRVO合并ME患者作为研究组,另选取86例单纯BRVO患者作为对照组,均行彩色多普勒超声检查,分析视网膜中央动脉(CRA)及眼动脉(OA)彩色多普勒超声参数[收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)]与病情程度、疗效的关系。研究组CRA的EDV、PSV、RI低于对照组,且黄斑囊样水肿<弥漫性水肿<局限性水肿(P<0.05)。BRVO合并ME患者CRA的EDV、PSV、RI与病情程度均呈负相关(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗有效患者CRA的EDV、PSV、RI高于无效患者,治疗前后差值高于无效患者(P<0.05)。EDV、PSV、RI差值联合预测BRVO合并ME疗效价值优于单一预测。可见彩色多普勒超声参数与BRVO合并ME患者病情程度、疗效密切相关,可指导临床诊治。     

乳腺癌早期筛查应用乳腺超声的漏诊、误诊病例特征及相关危险因素分析

分析乳腺癌早期筛查应用乳腺超声诊断的漏诊、误诊病例特征及相关危险因素.采用方便抽样法选取行乳腺超声检查的2548例乳腺肿块患者,分析其中假阴性(漏诊)、假阳性(误诊)的132例患者漏诊、误诊特征.乳腺超声诊断乳腺癌的漏诊、误诊与患者年龄、病灶数量无关(P＞0.05);病灶最大径、是否合并良性病灶、是否合并炎性病变、超声...     

新生儿感染性肺炎血清Gal-3、IL-17水平与肺超声评分关系及对继发呼吸窘迫综合征的预测价值

为探讨新生儿感染性肺炎(NIP)血清半乳糖凝集素-3(Gal-3)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平与肺超声评分关系及对继发呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的预测价值,本研究选取NIP患儿98例作为研究组,根据是否继发RDS分为RDS患儿和无RDS患儿,选取同期健康新生儿98例作为对照组,均进行血清Gal-3、IL-17水平检测,研究组进行肺超声检查。结果显示研究组血清Gal-3、IL-17水平高于对照组,血清Gal-3、IL-17水平与肺超声评分呈负相关;Gal-3、IL-17是NIP继发RDS的独立危险因素,胎龄是NIP继发RDS的独立保护因素;血清Gal-3、IL-17水平联合预测NIP继发RDS的AUC值大于单一指标预测值,患者受益良好。由此可见,NIP患儿血清Gal-3、IL-17水平与肺超声评分关系密切,临床通过检测血清Gal-3、IL-17水平可评估NIP患儿继发RDS的风险。     

超声造影在检测冠心病颈动脉斑块内新生血管中的作用及与血清Hcy的关系

本研究考察超声造影(CEUS)在检测冠心病颈动脉斑块内新生血管(IPN)中的作用及与血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和血脂表达的关系。选择167例稳定型冠心病(CAD)伴颈动脉斑块(厚度≥1.5 mm)的患者作为研究对象,通过CEUS检查IPN,并将患者分为IPN组(n=82)和非IPN组(n=85)。比较两组患者的基线资料、颈动脉超声特征、血脂代谢指标、血清Hcy水平,以及主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率和发生时间。结果显示,IPN组的斑块最大厚度高于非IPN组[(3.23±1.07)mm vs(2.85±0.87)mm,P<0.05]。两组患者的TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IPN组的血清Hcy水平高于非IPN组(P<0.05)。MACE的总发生率为7.19%(12/167)。患者MACE的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,IPN组患者随访时的MACE发生时间早于非IPN组患者(P<0.05)。本研究提示,IPN、斑块最大厚度和血清Hcy水平可能是冠心病患者不良心血管事件的预测因子。     

高频超声分析肩袖病变与肱二头肌长头肌腱病变临床特点及相关性

本文通过高频超声检查分析了肩袖病变与肱二头肌长头肌腱(long head of the biceps brachii tendon,LHBT)病变的临床特点及相关性.文中对32例肩关节镜手术患者的术前肩关节超声检查结果与肩关节镜手术结果进行了 一致性检验.按照不同肩袖病变类型对患者进行分组,对组间LHBT病变类型的差异...     

US-FNAB、血清TSH、TTF-1诊断甲状腺微小癌价值及与病理因素关系

选择甲状腺微小癌(TMC)患者106例作为研究组,另选择同期甲状腺良性肿瘤患者94例作为对照组.均接受超声引导下细针穿刺活检(US-FNAB)、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺转录因子-1 (TTF-1)检查,发现US-FNAB阳性率及血清TSH、TTF-1与癌胚抗原(CEA)、半乳糖血凝素-3(Gal-3)、细胞角...     

心电图心率变异性参数与AMI患者心肌损伤的关系及联合预测预后分析

选取我院145例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者作为研究对象,探究心电图心率变异性(HRV)参数与AMI患者心肌损伤的关系及联合预测预后的应用价值.结果 发现,年龄≥60岁、发病至就诊时间＞6h、吸烟史、高脂血症史、心肌损伤标志物(CK-MK、cTnI、NT-proBNP)水平升高、LF/HF升高,以及SDNN、SDANN、...     

The Two-Way Switch Role of ACE2 in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Underlying Comorbidities

December 2019 saw the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has spread across the globe. The high infectivity and ongoing mortality of SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the demand of drug discovery. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. ACE2 exists as a membrane-bound protein on major viral target pulmonary epithelial cells, and its peptidase domain (PD) interacts SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with higher affinity. Therefore, targeting ACE2 is an important pharmacological intervention for a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we described the two-way switch role of ACE2 in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia and underlying comorbidities, and discussed the potential effect of the ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker on a hypertension patient with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we analyzed the S-protein-binding site on ACE2 and suggested that blocking hot spot-31 and hot spot-353 on ACE2 could be a therapeutic strategy for preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Besides, the recombinant ACE2 protein could be another potential treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 induced acute severe lung failure. This review could provide beneficial information for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents via targeting ACE2 and the clinical usage of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) drugs for novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment.     

虚拟导航超声支气管镜灌洗液miRNA在不同大体分型肺癌患者体内表达差异及诊断周围型肺癌的效能研究

本文探讨了虚拟导航超声支气管镜灌洗液微小RNA(miRNA)在不同大体分型肺癌患者体内的表达差异及诊断周围型肺癌(PLC)的效能。选取65例中心型肺癌(CLC)患者(中心型组)及65例PLC患者(周围型组),均检测miR-1260b、miR-135a-3p、miR-299-3p、miR-3175及癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)表达。周围型组miR-1260b低于中心型组,miR-135a-3p、miR-3175高于中心型组(P<0.05);miR-1260b、miR-135a-3p、miR-3175与CEA、NSE相关,且与PLC显著相关(P<0.05);miR-1260b、miR-135a-3p联合诊断PLC的AUC高于单独诊断;miR-1260b、miR-135a-3p、miR-299-3p、miR-3175联合诊断PLC转移的效能高于单独诊断。故可知PLC和CLC患者虚拟导航超声支气管镜灌洗液中miR-1260b、miR-135a-3p、miR-3175表达存在差异,联合检测对PLC具有重要诊断价值。而且miR-1260b、miR-135a-3p、miR-299-3p、miR-3175联合检测可预测PLC转移,为临床诊治提供依据。     

Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted Approaches in Breath Analysis for the Discrimination of Lung Cancer from Benign Pulmonary Diseases and Healthy Persons

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of targeted and untargeted breath analysis in the discrimination of lung cancer (Ca+) patients from healthy people (HC) and patients with benign pulmonary diseases (Ca−). Exhaled breath samples from 49 Ca+ patients, 36 Ca− patients and 52 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by an SPME–GC–MS method. Untargeted treatment of the acquired data was performed with the use of the web-based platform XCMS Online combined with manual reprocessing of raw chromatographic data. Machine learning methods were applied to estimate the efficiency of breath analysis in the classification of the participants. Results: Untargeted analysis revealed 29 informative VOCs, from which 17 were identified by mass spectra and retention time/retention index evaluation. The untargeted analysis yielded slightly better results in discriminating Ca+ patients from HC (accuracy: 91.0%, AUC: 0.96 and accuracy 89.1%, AUC: 0.97 for untargeted and targeted analysis, respectively) but significantly improved the efficiency of discrimination between Ca+ and Ca− patients, increasing the accuracy of the classification from 52.9 to 75.3% and the AUC from 0.55 to 0.82. Conclusions: The untargeted breath analysis through the inclusion and utilization of newly identified compounds that were not considered in targeted analysis allowed the discrimination of the Ca+ from Ca− patients, which was not achieved by the targeted approach.     

分离技术在新型冠状病毒研究和防疫检测中的应用

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的爆发给世界公共卫生安全带来前所未有的挑战.随着新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)相关研究的不断深入,众多分析检测技术相继被应用,推动了病毒检测、疫苗和创新疗法的研发,从而使疫情早日得到控制.分离技术作为生命科学、医学、药学领域的关键技术,操作简单,分离效率高,选择性强,在新型...     

DSA、CTA联合MR影像评估AIS患者脑支循环及预后性关系

探讨数字减影血管成像(DSA)、计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)联合磁共振(MR)影像评估急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者脑支循环及预后性关系。选取60例大脑中动脉M1段急性闭塞所致AIS患者为研究对象,根据DSA、CTA与MR影像对其脑侧支循环评估,比较患者基线资料、结局指标等,并分析预后性。结果发现:基于DSA、CTA与MR影像对AIS患者脑侧支循环评估结果一致性良好;3种影像模式下脑侧支循环良好组与不良组结局资料差异显著(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,FVH-ASPECTS评分、rLMC评分、ASITN/SIR分级量表均为AIS患者神经功能预后的独立影响因素。总之,DSA、CTA、MR影像对AIS患者脑侧支循环评估具有一致性,且FVH-ASPECTS评分、rLMC评分、ASITN/SIR分级量表均为AIS患者神经功能预后的独立影响因素。     

Propolis,Bee Honey,and Their Components Protect against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review of In Silico,In Vitro,and Clinical Studies

Despite the virulence and high fatality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no specific antiviral treatment exists until the current moment. Natural agents with immune-promoting potentials such as bee products are being explored as possible treatments. Bee honey and propolis are rich in bioactive compounds that express strong antimicrobial, bactericidal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This review examined the literature for the anti-COVID-19 effects of bee honey and propolis, with the aim of optimizing the use of these handy products as prophylactic or adjuvant treatments for people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Molecular simulations show that flavonoids in propolis and honey (e.g., rutin, naringin, caffeic acid phenyl ester, luteolin, and artepillin C) may inhibit viral spike fusion in host cells, viral-host interactions that trigger the cytokine storm, and viral replication. Similar to the potent antiviral drug remdesivir, rutin, propolis ethanolic extract, and propolis liposomes inhibited non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and these compounds along with naringin inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells. Propolis extracts delivered by nanocarriers exhibit better antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 than ethanolic extracts. In line, hospitalized COVID-19 patients receiving green Brazilian propolis or a combination of honey and Nigella sativa exhibited earlier viral clearance, symptom recovery, discharge from the hospital as well as less mortality than counterparts receiving standard care alone. Thus, the use of bee products as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 may produce beneficial effects. Implications for treatment outcomes and issues to be considered in future studies are discussed.     

Biosensors and rapid diagnostic tests on the frontier between analytical and clinical chemistry for biomolecular diagnosis of dengue disease: a review

The past decades have witnessed enormous technological improvements towards the development of simple, cost-effective and accurate rapid diagnostic tests for detection and identification of infectious pathogens. Among them is dengue virus, the etiologic agent of the mosquito-borne dengue disease, one of the most important emerging infectious pathologies of nowadays. Dengue fever may cause potentially deadly hemorrhagic symptoms and is endemic in the tropical and sub-tropical world, being also a serious threat to temperate countries in the developed world. Effective diagnostics for dengue should be able to discriminate among the four antigenically related dengue serotypes and fulfill the requirements for successful decentralized (point-of-care) testing in the harsh environmental conditions found in most tropical regions. The accurate identification of circulating serotypes is crucial for the successful implementation of vector control programs based on reliable epidemiological predictions. This paper briefly summarizes the limitations of the main conventional techniques for biomolecular diagnosis of dengue disease and critically reviews some of the most relevant biosensors and rapid diagnostic tests developed, implemented and reported so far for point-of-care testing of dengue infections. The invaluable contributions of microfluidics and nanotechnology encompass the whole paper, while evaluation concerns of rapid diagnostic tests and foreseen technological improvements in this field are also overviewed for the diagnosis of dengue and other infectious and tropical diseases as well.