盐酸决奈达隆合成新工艺

设计了一条全新的盐酸决奈达隆(1)的合成路线, 该路线以价廉易得的对氨基苯酚(2)为起始原料, 经N-甲磺酰化、 氧化得到对甲磺酰亚氨基苯醌(4)后, 再与3-氧代庚酸甲酯缩合、 环化制得关键中间体2-丁基-5-甲磺酰胺基苯并呋喃-3-甲酸甲酯(6), 然后经水解、 酰氯化, 继而与1-苯氧基-3-二正丁胺基丙烷盐酸盐进行傅-克酰基化反应, 成盐后即得化合物1, 总收率达33%.     

三氟甲基嘧啶磺酰脲的合成与除草活性

以三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯和盐酸胍为原料,经环合、氯化、甲氧基化、胺化反应合成了4种2-氨基-4-取代-6-三氟甲基嘧啶中间体(Ⅰa~Ⅰd),Ⅰ与邻甲氧羰基苯磺酰异氰酸酯亲核加成,合成了3种含不同取代嘧啶环的磺酰脲化合物(Ⅱb~Ⅱd)。其中2-氨基-4-二甲胺基-6-三氟甲基嘧啶(Ⅰd)和N[-2-(′4-二甲胺基-6-三氟甲基)嘧啶基]-2-甲氧羰基苯磺酰脲(Ⅱd)为新化合物,结构经1H NMR和MS表征。初步除草活性测定结果表明,N-[2-′(4-甲氧基-6-三氟甲基)嘧啶基]-2-甲氧羰基苯磺酰脲(Ⅱc)在浓度为200 ga.i./ha时对稗草和马唐的防效分别为70%和50%。     

(R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧丁基苯硫醚的合成方法改进

以4-(二甲氨基)吡啶为催化剂,通过(R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧丁醇与甲磺酰氯之间的改进烷基磺酰化反应得到(R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧丁基甲磺酸酯(2b,收率98%),2b再与苯硫酚钠反应生成(R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧丁基苯硫醚(3,总收率89%)。2和3的结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

波生坦的合成工艺改进

以4,6-二氯-5-(2-甲氧基苯氧基)-2,2'-双嘧啶和4-叔丁基苯磺酰胺为原料,经缩合反应制得中间体N-{6-氯-5-(2-甲氧基-苯氧基)[2,2'-嘧啶]-4-基}-4-(叔丁基苯基)-磺酰胺(3);3与乙二醇经缩合反应合成了波生坦(1),总收率81.4%。3经水解反应合成了N-{6-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基-苯氧基)[2,2'-嘧啶]-4-基}-4-(叔丁基苯基)-磺酰胺(4);4与1,2-二溴乙烷经缩合反应合成了1,2-双{[5-(2-甲氧基苯氧基)-2-(2-嘧啶-2-基-嘧啶-4-基]-4-叔丁基苯磺酰胺}-乙二醇(5),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS确证。4和5为波生坦中可能存在的杂质。     

新型meso-四(4-十四氨基磺酰苯基)卟啉及其配合物的合成与液晶性能

以吡咯和苯甲醛为原料制得meso-四苯基卟啉(1);1经氯磺化得meso-四(4-氯磺苯基)卟啉(2);2与十四胺反应制得meso-四(4-十四氨基磺酰苯基)卟啉(3);3与醋酸镉经配位反应合成了meso-四(4-十四氨基磺酰苯基)镉卟啉(4)。3和4为新化合物,其结构经UV-Vis,1H NMR和IR表征。偏光显微镜和DSC检测结果表明:3和4均具有液晶性能。     

新型厚朴酚2-甲亚胺衍生物的合成及其生物活性

以厚朴酚为原料,通过Reimer-Tiemann法,在其苯环羟基邻位引入甲酰基后,分别与甘氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸及对氨基苯磺酰胺反应合成了4个单取代、1个二取代新型厚朴酚2-甲亚胺衍生物(3a~3d和4),其结构经UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, IR, MS和元素分析表征。生物活性研究结果表明： 2-(N-甘氨酸)-厚朴酚甲亚胺(3a)对成肌细胞的毒性较大;2-［N-(4-氨磺酰苯基)］-厚朴酚甲亚胺(3d)浓度为64 μmol·L^-1时,对CYP2D6和CYP1A2的抑制率分别为42.9%和36.8%。     

6-烷氨基-2-乙硫基嘌呤核苷化合物的合成及抗血小板聚集活性研究

以鸟苷(1)为原料,与乙酸酐经过糖环羟基保护反应,得到2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基鸟苷(2);2与对甲苯磺酰氯反应,得到9-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖)-2-氨基-6-对甲苯磺酰氧基嘌呤(3);3与亚硝酸异戊酯和二乙基二硫醚反应,得到9-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖)-6-对甲苯磺酰氧基-2-乙硫基嘌呤(4);4经过胺解和脱糖环羟基保护反应得到10个未见报道的6-烷氨基-2-乙硫基嘌呤核苷化合物(5).化合物结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR和HRMS进行了表征,并对它们进行了抗血小板聚集活性测试,结果表明对抗血小板聚集显示一定的活性.     

羧基甜菜碱型两性氟表面活性剂的合成和表面活性

以p-全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酰氯(Ⅰ)为原料,经酰胺化和季胺化两步反应,制备了N-3-(二甲氨基丙基)对全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酰胺(Ⅱ)和N-[3-(p-全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酰胺基)丙基]-N,N-二甲基乙酸铵(Ⅲ),用FTIR、1HNMR、ESI-MS对II和III的结构进行了表征。中间体N-3-(二甲氨基丙基)对全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酰胺(Ⅱ)的较优合成工艺条件为:溶剂为二氯甲烷,n(Ⅰ):n(N,N-二甲基丙二胺)=1:1.75,20℃反应4 h,Ⅱ的收率可达99.49%。N-[3-(p-全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酰胺基)丙基]-N,N-二甲基乙酸铵(Ⅲ)的较优合成工艺条件为:n(Ⅱ):n(氯乙酸钠)=1:1.1,n(Ⅱ):n(碳酸氢钠)=1:1.5,60℃反应9 h,Ⅲ的收率为93.58%。     

新型2-[4-(3-吗啉基丙氧基)苯氧基]乙基异硫脲的合成

以对苄氧基苯酚为原料,经三步反应合成了2-[4-(3-氯丙氧基)苯氧基]乙醇(3);在3中引入吗啉基团制得2-[4-(3-吗啉丙氧基)苯氧基]乙醇(4);利用甲磺酰氯将4的羟基转化为离去基团,再引入硫脲基团成功地合成了新型含硫脲基的酚醚类衍生物——2-[4-(3-吗啉丙氧基)苯氧基]乙基异硫脲,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS表征。     

一维链状Ag(Ⅰ)配合物的合成及结构表征

本文以2-醛基吡啶和1,4-二(对氨基苯氧基)丁烷进行缩合得到Schiff碱配体L(1,4-双-(N-(2-吡啶甲亚胺基)苯氧基)丁烷),再同AgSbF6,进行配位反应,得到了席夫碱配合物[Ag(L)SbF]n·2CHCl3(1),并用元素分析,FT-IR和X-射线单晶衍射进行了表征.结果表明,配合物1属于单斜晶系,P...     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。