多波段激光雷达颗粒物质量浓度探测方法

为了获得大气颗粒物的质量浓度廓线,提出一种基于多波段激光雷达回波信号的大气气溶胶消光系数与颗粒物质量消光效率相结合的新型算法。该方法利用覆盖紫外到近红外波段的激光雷达作为遥感探测工具,获取气溶胶的消光与后向散射系数,反演得到气溶胶粒子谱分布;同时,根据米散射理论算出气溶胶消光效率,结合粒子谱分布,提出颗粒物质量消光效率模型,从而建立基于消光系数与质量消光效率相结合的反演颗粒物质量浓度的新型数学模型与算法。采用该算法对两组不同天气条件多波段激光雷达实测数据进行反演,并与地表采用的颗粒物浓度对比,证明该方法的可行性,为实现颗粒物质量浓度空间分布的探测提供科学依据和方法论。     

基于机载激光雷达监测海洋赤潮模型研究

提出了基于机载激光雷达应用于海洋赤潮的监测与预报方法,以检测激光水下后向散射光信号,实现对海洋赤潮藻密度信息的获取.引入赤潮藻散射系数的概念,建立了机载激光雷达的赤潮藻散射系数探测模型.通过仿真计算,证明该模型可以有效评估出赤潮藻密度的大小,进而实现对赤潮消长过程的判断.     

利用O4测量去除车载差分吸收光谱测量污染源NO2排放通量计算中多次散射的影响

基于被动差分光学吸收光谱(DOAS)算法,使用车载被动DOAS技术在测量污染源排放通量时,由于云的多次散射影响,导致污染源排放通量的计算误差.特别对于像NO2这样的整层分布气体,由于低层云的出现造成多次散射增强使得NO2浓度显著升高,造成在计算污染源排放通量时产生较大误差.针对此问题,提出在车载DOAS污染源排放通量监...     

基于车载被动差分光学吸收光谱技术的甲醛排放通量遥测研究

甲醛(HCHO)是大气中含量最为丰富的羰基化合物,广泛参与大气中的光化学反应,是一种重要的大气反应活性的指示剂以及城市大气气溶胶的前体物,在大气化学中扮演着重要的角色.本文初步探索了利用车载被动差分光学吸收光谱技术(differential optical absorption spectroscopy,DOAS)遥测...     

被动差分吸收光谱法测量区域内污染气体排放通量的方法研究

研究了一种基于被动差分吸收光谱技术(differential optical absorption spectroscopy, DOAS)测量区域(如工业区,城市)内SO₂等大气污染气体排放通量的光学遥测方法。采用安装在汽车上的被动DOAS系统围绕区域进行扫描测量,通过被动DOAS光谱处理方法对系统采集的天顶太阳散射光谱进行处理获取污染气体柱密度,再结合测量时段的气象(风场)信息获得该区域内污染气体对外的净排放通量。文章着重描述了获得污染气体柱密度的差分吸收光谱方法以及区域内污染气体净排放通量的计算方法,并构建了车载被动DOAS系统对北京市五环路以内区域的SO₂和NO₂排放进行外场测量,测得了该区域内SO₂和NO₂净排放通量分别为1.13×104和9.3×103 kg·h-1。实验结果表明这种基于被动DOAS的光学遥测方法能够用于区域内污染气体排放通量的快速测量。     

基于统计回归方法的多普勒激光雷达反演颗粒物浓度研究

2019年9月至10月,利用相干多普勒激光雷达在深圳石岩地区(113.9°E,22.7°N)与深圳气象梯度塔进行了联合观测实验,基于激光雷达后向散射强度直接反演PM2.5、PM10颗粒物浓度.反演得到的不同高度颗粒物浓度与梯度塔上颗粒物同步混合监测仪实测结果进行统计回归分析.结果表明:本次实验中,PM2.5和PM10的...     

近地面层热通量和气体通量光学监测新方法研究

监测地气间动量、热量和痕量气体等的交换对水文、气象和生态环境等有着重要的意义。阐述了一种利用自行研制的大口径闪烁仪(LAS)、光学温度梯度仪和基于可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱术(TDLAS)的开放光路痕量气体监测系统,实现了较大区域热通量和二氧化碳等气体通量快速监测的方法。实验结果表明,所测数据与涡动相关(EC)仪的数据比较,显热通量的相关系数为0.91,二氧化碳通量的相关系数为0.74。由此,用大口径闪烁仪监测区域热通量和基于TDLAS光学技术连续可靠监测陆地区域碳通量是完全有可能的,这种方法在大区域热通量和气体通量监测将会有很好的应用前景。     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱监测农田气体通量特性研究

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)具有高选择性,高灵敏度等特性,非常适合监测农田痕量气体交换过程。采用开放式光程的可调半导体激光吸收光谱和非分散红外光谱技术,在封丘农田进行了一个月监测试验。选择CO2作为目标气体,用两种不同光谱技术选择不同的通量计算方法,分别获取农田排放通量。根据实验条件,提出了TDLAS的通量印痕模型,对比分析了两种技术的空间代表性特性,同时分析了数据误差来源和不同外界因素对通量测量的影响特性。结果发现在相同的气象条件下,仪器架设高度越高,光学路径越长,开放光路的TDLAS通量贡献区就越大。这些结果对通量监测中仪器安装有很好的指导意义。     

青藏高原对流层气溶胶的激光雷达监测与研究

运用激光雷达方程和Fernald方法,对西藏那曲地区和北京地区对流层气溶胶的微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)探测数据进行时空反演和比较,结果表明:气溶胶散射比廓线有着较为相似的结构分布,分层锯齿结构非常明显,主要包括贴地层、气溶胶混合层和气溶胶对流层。那曲测站上空气溶胶散射比在无云条件下最大值基本上保持在2.0左右;在测站上空均存在密度较大且较厚的积云;夏季的混合层或残留层(浅蓝色部分)高度抬高;夏季对流层低层积云的云量和积云出现的概率较冬季要少。     

地基激光测风雷达的光束扫描及风场反演

激光测风雷达通过多普勒频移来确定激光束视线方向上的大气风场的速度矢量。由这些测得的矢量可反演大气风场群速的速度矢量。在本文中,我们将讨论利用单一LDV系统,激光束的扫描方式采用圆锥扫描,在扫描圆锥的垂直截面上取四个正交点上的多普勒风速矢量。通过这四个矢量,利用空间解析几何的知识,最终推导出观测视场上风场的水平和垂直方向的矢量分量。     

地基激光测风雷达的光束扫描及风场反演

 激光测风雷达通过多普勒频移来确定激光束视线方向上的大气风场的速度矢量。由这些测得的矢量可反演大气风场群速的速度矢量。在本文中,我们将讨论利用单一LDV系统,激光束的扫描方式采用圆锥扫描,在扫描圆锥的垂直截面上取四个正交点上的多普勒风速矢量。通过这四个矢量,利用空间解析几何的知识,最终推导出观测视场上风场的水平和垂直方向的矢量分量。     

Multiwavelength lidar for measurements of atmospheric aerosol

We represent the results of our investigations on size distribution of atmospheric aerosol particles by means of a multiwavelength lidar based on Nd : YAG and Ti : Sa lasers equipped with frequency multipliers. The measurements were performed in mountainous areas.     

边界净流条件下的超声速热波

物质中的辐射热波的行为一直是人们非常关注的问题。但是由于辐射热传导方程具有很强的非线性,其精确的解析解很难求出。利用微扰论推导出了任意边界净流条件下的边界温度的变化行为和热波传播轨迹的理论公式,并与辐射流体力学程序计算的数值结果进行了对比,结果显示理论计算的热波轨迹与数值模拟的结果符合得非常好。     

边界净流条件下的超声速热波

 物质中的辐射热波的行为一直是人们非常关注的问题。但是由于辐射热传导方程具有很强的非线性,其精确的解析解很难求出。利用微扰论推导出了任意边界净流条件下的边界温度的变化行为和热波传播轨迹的理论公式,并与辐射流体力学程序计算的数值结果进行了对比,结果显示理论计算的热波轨迹与数值模拟的结果符合得非常好。     

Capability of Raman lidar for monitoring the variation of atmospheric CO2 profile

Lidar （Light detection and ranging） has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO2 in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.     

Capability of Raman lidar for monitoring the variation of atmospheric CO2 profile

Lidar (Light detection and ranging) has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO$_{2}$ in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.     

OFLID: Simple method of overlap factor calculation with laser intensity distribution for biaxial lidar

We proposed a simple overlap factor calculation method based on laser intensity distribution (OFLID), which is simple, practical and can be applied to any specific laser intensity distribution. In order to obtain the laser intensity distribution and parameters of our laser system, we designed a simple experiment to measure them, and then simulated an ideal Gaussian and uniform laser intensity distribution with the measured parameters. The OFLID calculation results indicated that the overlap factor of the measured distribution has approximately half the relative error of that of the ideal Gaussian distribution in the increasing range field for our lidar. Specifically, the laser intensity distribution should be regarded in the overlap correction of the lidar signal. Theoretically, the OFLID method can reduce the error caused by the hypothesis of ideal uniform or Gaussian intensity distributions in the analytical method. In addition, the method is easy to implement for overlap correction, signal simulation and system configuration optimization for biaxial lidar.     

米散射激光雷达剖面数据三次样条垂直水平插值法

传统的空间数据插值方法在米散射激光雷达剖面扫描数据的距离高度显示图可视化应用方面具有一定的局限性.本文分析了米散射激光雷达剖面扫描数据以仰角为基础的空间位置关系与大气参数的空间分布特性,分别在垂直与水平位置上合理选取参考数据,给出位置相关性权重,基于三次样条函数法进行数据变化趋势的平滑性修正,完成缺失数据插值.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效提高米散射大气激光雷达扫描数据空间插值的准确性,插值数据误差小,距离高度显示图图形趋势过度平滑,符合大气参数的整体变化规律.     

温度梯度对平面金壁发射能流平衡性的影响

在激光惯性约束聚变(ICF)的辐射输运实验和理论研究中,输运管壁对于输运管内物质中的辐射能谱具有改造作用. 文中利用一维平面模型模拟了柱形输运管壁的辐射能流发射行为,给出了输运管壁的辐射能流不平衡度的计算公式. 结果表明,输运管壁内的电子温度梯度是引起输运管壁发射能流不平衡的原因. 利用不平衡度这一概念对输运管壁发射能流的不平衡性做了定量研究,并在ICF辐射输运实验的温度范围内给出了估算公式. 关键词： 辐射输运 温度梯度 能流 不平衡度