银电极在Na2SO4溶液中氧化还原过程的原位拉曼光谱研究

采用原位拉曼光谱结合循环伏安法研究银电极在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｎａ２ＳＯ４溶液中不同电位下的氧化还原过程，在电位扫描过程中，实时记录的拉曼光谱表明，电极表面在０．２Ｖ开始生成吸附原子氧物种，当电位正于０．４Ｖ，部分吸附的原子氧扩散进入电极的亚表面区，而另一些则通过强的化学吸附与银表面成键；同时部分银氧化为＋１价，各谱带的产生和消失与氧化还原电流峰有很好的对应关系，表明电化学原位拉曼光谱能在分子水平上     

金属─助剂相互作用对SiO_2载铑催化剂化学吸附的影响Ⅰ．Rh_2－V／SiO_2催化剂

本文用化学吸附、原位ＩＲ、和ＸＰＳ考察了钒助剂对Ｒｈ２／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的Ｈ２和ＣＯ化学吸附的影响．结果表明，１）ＣＯ吸附在ＲｈＩ、ＲｈⅡ和ＲｈⅢ中心上分别产生孪生、线式和桥式ＣＯ表面吸附物种．２）Ｈ２主要解离吸附在ＲｈⅡ和ＲｈⅢ中心上，但ＣＯ能优先吸附；ＲｈＩ中心对Ｈ２的化学吸附能力弱，但Ｈ２和ＣＯ能共吸附在ＲｈＩ中心上形成表面羰基氢化物．３）Ｒｈ２－Ｖ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂在５７３Ｋ还原后，铑与钒助剂的强相互作用主要发生在ＲｈⅡ和ＲｈⅢ与钒助剂之间，Ｈ２吸附比ＣＯ吸附受到更强烈的抑制．用覆盖模型可以较好地解释钒助剂对Ｒｈ２／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的Ｈ２和ＣＯ化学吸附的影响．     

水中Ag电极上取向与结构的SERS研究—不同电极电位和NaClO…

将特殊的ＯＲＣ方法、薄层溶液技术和差谱方法相结合，在较宽的电位区间（－０．７～－２．０Ｖ），将得了不含任何（类）卤素离子的ＮａＣｌＯ４／Ａｇ体系中水的ＳＥＲＳ谱，结果表明，不同浓度的ＮａＣｌＯ４体系中，尽管体相水的结构有很大差别，但电极表面的吸附水有相似的结构特征，即由于电场作用而使有序性较高，并且随电极电位电极负向零电荷电位变化时可能都经历着由单氢端吸附转变为双氢端吸附，继而又转向氧端吸附的取向     

CO和NO在Rh-V/SiO2上吸附的红外光谱研究

应用原位红外光谱研究了ＣＯ和ＮＯ在还原态Ｒｈ／ＳｉＯ２，Ｒｈ－Ｖ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上的化学吸附。５７３Ｋ氢还原后，Ｒｈ／ＳｉＯ２上的部分Ｒｈ中心处于Ｒｈ＾０和Ｒｈ＾δ＋（δ≤１）两种状态。加入助剂Ｖ后，Ｒｈ与Ｖ之间发生了某种化学作用，这种作用有利于Ｒｈ金属向钒离子转移电子生成Ｒｈ＾δ＋中心。由ＣＯ和ＮＯ共吸附结果可得：ＮＯ对ＣＯ吸附具有两种影响，一是取代ＣＯ，二是使Ｒｈ＾０中心部分氧化生成Ｒｈ＾δ＋     

硼掺杂多晶金刚石薄膜电极的电化学特性

用循环伏安法和恒电位法研究了硼掺杂多晶金刚石薄膜电极（ＤＦＥ）的若干电化学特性。电极面积４×４ｍｍ＾２。在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＣｌ，ＮａＮＯ３，ＮａＯＨ和ＫＨ２ＰＯ４＋Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４（ｐＨ＝６．８６）电解质溶液中电势窗口均为－５００￣＋８００ｍＶ；而在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ和Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中电势窗口为－２００￣＋１１００ｍＶ．Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６的氧化峰电位为＋５００ｍＶ，与Ｐｔ电极测量相同；校正     

Rh2,Rh4高分散催化剂的制备及分散度与CO吸附态关系的研究

建立了一整套Ｒｈ簇高分散催化剂的制备技术和方法，制备出了分散的Ｒｈ＿２／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３和Ｒｈ＿４／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３簇催化剂。Ｈ＿２化学吸附表明这些样品具有很高的金属分散度，且分散度随Ｒｈ簇担载量的增加而降低。ＣＯ吸附态测定表明，当簇合物的Ｒｈ担载量（ｗ％Ｒｈ）为０．７％时分散度最高。ＣＯ分子在催化剂上只有一种吸附方式─—孪生吸附，实现了ＣＯ吸附态的“分离”，即催化剂上只存在一种吸附中心。表明催化剂的金属粒度已达到均一。这一结果还表明可通过原子簇衍生催化剂的方法来控制ＣＯ分子在Ｒｈ催化剂上的吸附方式。催化剂制备过程的原位红外光谱测试结果表明：Ｒｈ簇与γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３作用形成高分散是一个很快的过程。     

和厚朴酚的电化学行为及反应机理研究

和顾朴酚在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＨ３－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ缓冲溶液（ＰＨ９．４）中,用线必 安法得到两个还原峰Ｐ１和Ｐ２。峰电位分别为ＥＰ１＝－０．２３Ｖ和ＥＰ２＝－１．１８Ｖ（ｖｓ,Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）。用线性扫描与循环伏安法、脉冲极谱法和恒电位库仑法等手段研究体系的电化学行为及其反应机理。实验表明,Ｐ１和Ｐ２均为不可逆波。Ｐ１和Ｐ２的电子转移数均为２。和厚朴酚在汞电极上的吸附具有中性分子吸附的特征,吸附符合Ｆ     

担载Rh／Al2O3催化剂表面吸附态的加压原位红外光谱表征

应用加温加压气固多相催化原位红外光谱反应器,在Ｈ２／ＣＯ＝２：１（ｍｏｌ）、０．５￣５．０ＭＰａ和２０￣３００℃的接近ＣＯ＋Ｈ２工业反应条件下,考察了还原态和氧化态Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂表面ＣＯ吸附态,关联了吸附态与催化剂活性的关系。实验结果表明,还原态的Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂一氧化碳加氢生成烃类,其催化剂表面存在三种ＣＯ吸附态：线式Ｒｈ（ＣＯ）,孪生式Ｒｈ（ＣＯ）２和桥式Ｒｈ２ＣＯ。在常温常压下     

生物分子电催化的研究：V.邻菲绕啉电化学聚合修饰电极的性质

本文用恒电位，恒电流，循环扫描等电化学方法，首次制备了邻菲绕啉（０－ｐｈｅｎ）聚合膜修饰电极，在０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌＯ４水溶液中，其氧化与还原过程的峰电位分别为＋０．０４Ｖ和－０．５３Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），该修饰电极在酸性，中性，碱性条件下均具有良好的稳定性，能较好地改善Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６和Ｖｋ３在电极上的氧化还原性质，对维生素Ｃ和肼的氧化有很好的催化作用，其氧化峰电位分别降低２２０ｍＶ和５６２     

沙蚕毒系仿生性农药(CH3)2NHCH(CH2S2O3)2NaH2O的电化学研究

杀虫单（ＣＨ３）２ＮＨＣＨ（ＣＨ２Ｓ２Ｏ３）２Ｎａ·Ｈ２Ｏ是我国独自开发的一种沙蚕毒系仿生性农药．我们用循环伏安法和计时库仑法研究了杀虫单的电极反应过程及在电位扫描速率,支持电解质ＰＨ以及浓度变化时对峰电流及峰电位的影响．研究表明杀虫单发生不可逆还原电极反应,还原产物二氢沙蚕毒素在电极上发生强吸附,其吸附量为８．２３×１０－１０ｍｏｌ／ｃｍ２．在随后的循环电位扫描中二氢沙蚕毒素氧化生成沙蚕毒素在循环伏安图上出现新电流峰．沙蚕毒素与二氢沙蚕素的峰电位相差３３ｍＶ,两者间有２电子可逆电极反应特征     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。