硫化镉单晶体本征吸收边的类氢光谱系

利用CdS单晶体,一块约厚0.1毫米,另一块约厚0.05毫米,观察它们在天然光及偏振光下的吸收光谱。在室温及液态空气温度下,天然光的吸收指示CdS晶体长波吸收边波长随厚度及温度而改变。在光谱仪狭缝前放一偏振片观察到长波吸收边波长随晶体C轴与偏振光电矢量间介角的改变。 在液态空气温度下观察CdS晶体对偏振光的吸收情况,发现在晶体本徵吸收边出现由七条强而锐的谱线组成的一个类氢光谱系。 测量结果发现每条谱线的波数满足下列公式: v_k=20270-11754/k~2(厘米)~(-1),式内k=3,4,5,…9;k=2的线未在光谱中发现。从此式推出的CdS晶体能级的系限加以温度较正为2.41电子伏,与前人用其他方法所得2.42电子伏是很相近的。激子的等价质量与电子质量之比为4.3。 CdS晶体与ZnS晶体结构相似,常数数值相近,由此可以猜测CdS晶体能级的满带可能是属于S-离子。所观察到的激子光谱类氢系可能是S-离子的激发态。     

Mg，Cu 掺杂CdS电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的第一性原理的平面波超软赝势方法,对闪锌矿结构CdS晶体及CdS:M（M=Mg, Cu）的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度、集聚数和电荷密度分布进行了研究.对掺杂后体系的几何结构进行了优化计算,发现Mg和Cu原子掺入CdS后晶格常量均减少,晶格发生畸变.在此基础上研究了掺杂对体系电子结构的影响.结果表明,Mg,Cu掺入CdS都能提供较多空穴态,形成p型电导,并且Cu较Mg是更好的p型掺杂剂. 关键词： 密度泛函理论 电子结构 p型掺杂     

(C5H5NH)2MnxZn1-xCl4和((CH3)4N)2MnxZn1-xCl4中Mn2+的电子顺磁共振

对于发绿光的四面体化合物(C5H5NH)2MnCl4和((CH3)4N)2MnCl4人们已做了广泛的研究。但是它们的电子顺磁共振谱仅表现为一些很宽的带而没有精细和超精细结构。在同晶型的(C5H5NH)2MnxZn1-xCl4或((CH3)4N)2MnxZn1-xCl4中掺入低浓度的Mn2+(x=1%),我们可以由(g～值的)角度变化导出自旋哈密顿量的全组参数来。这种四面体的晶格发生了严重的畸变且(在所有的情况下)产生一种C1-对称。     

CdS掺Mg和Ni电子结构和光学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,对闪锌矿结构CdS和CdS∶M(M=Mg,Ni)几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度和光学性质进行了系统的研究。几何结构研究对掺杂后体系晶格常量进行了优化计算,结果表明Mg和Ni原子掺入CdS后晶格常量均减小,晶格发生局部畸变。进一步研究了掺杂对体系电子结构的影响,能带结构和电子态密度分析表明由于Ni 3d电子的引入使CdS∶Ni成为半金属铁磁半导体,而Mg 3s电子的引入CdS∶Mg带隙变宽。另外,体系掺杂后,吸收系数分析表明掺杂导致吸收峰在可见光波长区域变化显著,且掺Ni导致吸收峰进一步向长波方向移动。     

Ag,Zn掺杂对CdS电子结构和光学性质的影响

运用密度泛函平面波赝势方法和广义梯度近似, 对替代式掺杂Ag和Zn的闪锌矿CdS的超晶胞晶体结构、电子结构和光学性质进行了计算, 分析了其电子态分布与结构的关系,给出了掺杂前后CdS体系的介电函数和复折射率函数. 研究表明,掺有Ag的CdS晶体空穴浓度增大,会明显提高材料的电导率, 而Zn掺杂不改变CdS晶体载流子浓度; Ag, Zn掺杂体系光学带隙均变窄; 通过分析掺杂前后CdS晶体的介电函数和复折射率函数,解释了体系的发光机理. 关键词： 密度泛函理论 Ag,Zn掺杂CdS 电子结构 光学性质     

压力效应对CdS电子结构和光学性质的影响

基于密度泛函理论体系下的广义梯度近似(GGA)方法,利用第一性原理计算了不同压强下CdS晶体闪锌矿结构,得到其晶格常数、总能量、电子态密度分布、能带结构、光反射与吸收系数等性质,通过比较能带结构的变化行为,得出CdS在116.8 GPa附近还存在等结构相变,即由直接带隙结构变为间接带隙结构.结合电子结构系统分析了压力效...     

强辐射激发下CdS晶体的光电导特性

在室温下,CdS晶体具有强烈的非线性光吸收效应.我们测量了高激发下CdS晶体的电导性质,并用电子-激子散射模型进行了数值分析.数值计算结果和测景值能够很好地符合,从而进一步证明了CdS晶体的非线性吸收是由于晶体内电子-激子散射造成的.     

Ta4Cn^-/0(n=0-4)团簇的电子结构、成键性质及稳定性

本文采用尺寸选择的负离子光电子能谱技术,结合密度泛函理论,对Ta4Cn^-/0(n=0-4)团簇电子结构、成键性质以及稳定性进行了研究.实验测得Ta4Cn-(n=0—4)团簇负离子基态结构的垂直脱附能分别为(1.16±0.08),(1.35±0.08),(1.51±0.08),(1.30±0.08)和(1.86±0.08)eV.中性Ta4Cn(n=0—4)团簇的电子亲和能分别为(1.10±0.08),(1.31±0.08),(1.44±0.08),(1.21±0.08)和(1.80±0.08)eV.研究发现Ta4^-/0团簇为四面体结构,Ta4C1-/0团簇中碳原子覆盖在Ta4四面体的一个面上方,Ta4C2^-/0团簇则是两个碳原子分别覆盖在Ta4四面体中的两个面上方.Ta4C3^-/0团簇是一个缺角立方体结构.Ta4C4^-/0团簇则是近似立方体结构,可以看成是α-TaC面心立方晶体的最小晶胞单元.分子轨道分析结果显示Ta4C3团簇的单电子最高占据轨道主要布居在单个钽原子周围,导致Ta4C3^-团簇的垂直脱附能明显低于其相邻团簇.理论研究显示随着碳原子数目的增加,Ta4Cn^-/0(n=0—4)团簇中的钽-钽金属键逐渐被钽-碳共价键取代,单原子结合能逐渐增加且明显高于Ta4+n^-/0(n=0-4)团簇.中性Ta4C4的单原子结合能高达7.13 eV,这说明钽-碳共价键的形成有利于提高材料的熔点,这与碳化钽作为高温陶瓷材料的特性密切相关.     

NaF-AlF3二元系铝氟四面体团簇结构的拉曼光谱表征与量子化学从头计算

本文构建了一系列NaF-AlF3二元系铝氟四面体团簇结构模型, 应用量子化学从头计算方法, 采用Restricted Hatree-Fock(RHF)自洽场方法和6-31G(d)基组对结构进行优化, 并用相同的方法和基组进行分子振动模式的模拟计算。考虑相邻铝氟四面体的影响, 引入四面体应力指数(SIT)的概念分析和讨论该二元系高频区非桥氟对称伸缩振动及中频区桥氟对称弯曲振动模式。研究表明, 高频区铝氟四面体非桥氟对称伸缩振动频率与其铝氟四面体的种类(Qi)密切相关, 且铝氟四面体非桥氟对称伸缩振动频率的值随SIT值的增大而增大, 呈现较好的线性关系。同时, NaF-AlF3二元系团簇结构的中频区桥氟对称弯曲振动频率主要受桥氟角度的影响。并采用高温拉曼仪测定了分子比为NaF:AlF3 =1∶2体系的升温拉曼光谱, 随着温度的升高NaF:AlF3 =1∶2体系的主峰逐渐向低频移动, 观察到Q0、Q1、Q2峰位的变化。     

YAG∶Cr~(3 )晶体精细光谱结构研究

采用不同的晶体畸变模型,利用CDM(completediagonalizationmethod)方法对YAG∶Cr3 晶体的EPR参量进行了系统研究·通过计算结果对晶格畸变模型进行了分析.结果表明,在三角对称下,对杂质离子电荷与中心离子电荷相等的情况,不适合用杂质离子沿C3轴位移的模型来研究晶体的局域结构,而且由于基态和第一激发态的零场分裂都对局域结构微变非常敏感,因此仅由基态零场分裂来确定晶格局域结构是不可靠的·同时结果表明,Cr3 离子进入YAG晶体后,产生了Δθ=1.88°的三角畸变·从而成功统一地解释了YAG∶Cr3 晶体的EPR参量和精细光谱结构·     

Violet light generation by frequency doubling of GaAlAs diode laser using a metallo-organic complex crystal ZnCd(SCN)4

Violet 404-nm radiation is generated by type-I single-pass frequency doubling of the output of an GaAlAs diode laser in critically phase-matched ZnCd(SCN)₄ (ZCTC) crystal, a metallo-organic complex crystal. In this paper, its refractive index and second-harmonic generation phase-matching angles are reported. Using a 3-mm-long ZCTC crystal, a diode laser power of 473 mW generated 390 μW of second-harmonic radiation. More recently, 380-nm, 20 μW ultraviolet (UV) radiation is also realized by frequency doubling of the 100 mW output of a continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser at 760 nm. ZCTC is a promising UV nonlinear optical candidate material for frequency doubling of diode lasers.     

Sr3TaGa3Si2O14(STGS)单晶的晶格振动

根据空间群理论,预测了Sr3TaGa3Si2O14(STGS)单晶的振动模式,并分别计算了非极性和极性振动模式的Raman散射强度。测量了STGS晶体的Raman光谱,并对其振动模式进行了指认。实验结果表明STGS晶体具有6个A1对称类特征振动模式:波数为126cm-1的振动峰可指认为SiO4团簇、Sr原子和TaO6团簇间的相对平动;245cm-1的振动峰是SiO4团簇的扭曲振动和Sr—TaO6—Sr伸缩振动耦合的结果;特征峰557和604cm-1分别来源于O—Ta—O和O—Ga—O的伸缩振动;896cm-1谱带对应着两个SiO4四面体的O—Si—O伸缩振动;991cm-1的谱带对应着两个SiO4四面体的Si—O伸缩振动。实验结果和理论计算结果均确证了STGS晶体的层状结构,其弱的各项异性和压电模量归因于十面体结构单元的微弱形变。     

磷酸钠结构的高温拉曼光谱研究

用高温拉曼光谱仪测定了固态和熔融态磷酸钠(Na3PO4)晶体的光谱,分析了磷酸钠晶体的结构及其随温度的变化。通过对从常温谱到高温谱的解析,得出主峰波数随温度的变化及主峰半高宽的变化,可以观察到在600 K附近及1773 K有两个相变产生。此外,磷酸钠晶体的相关高温DSC检测分析,也和拉曼谱中发现的两个相变符合。量子化学理论计算同时对该体系的P-O键振动和平均键长进行了模拟,随着键长的增加,对应的振动频率会降低。还确认了磷酸钠Raman光谱中各个峰的归属,938 cm-1波数处的峰属于(PO4)3-中P-O键的对称伸缩振动,是Na3PO4的特征峰,425及580 cm-1处峰属于磷氧四面体的弯曲振动。     

Surface studies on bimetallic thiocyanate ligand based single crystals of MnHg(SCN)4, CdHg(SCN)4 and ZnCd(SCN)4

Bimetallic SCN ligand based single crystals of manganese mercury thiocyanate (MMTC), cadmium mercury thiocyanate (CMTC) and zinc cadmium thiocyanate (ZCTC) are grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The growth mechanism and surface features are investigated by optical microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The laser induced surface damage measurements were carried out using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm with laser beam of 1.0 Hz and pulse duration 25 ps. The laser damage threshold values of MMTC, CMTC and ZCTC are found to be 15.9, 22.9 and 19.7 GW/cm², respectively. The SEM analysis of MMTC reveals the formation of elongated dendrite growth pattern caused by the fluctuations of Mn and Hg metal ligands when thiocyanate (SCN) bridges them. The etching study indicates the occurrence of different types of etch pit patterns like terraced triangles, pillars, pyramids and rods. The AFM images confirm the formation of three major hillocks with cavities in MMTC. The measured roughness values for CMTC crystal are very much lower than that of MMTC.     

Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering studies on Na2Mo2O7 disodium dimolybdate

Temperature–dependent Raman studies of disodium dimolybdate (Na₂Mo₂O₇) crystal are reported. Lattice dynamical calculation was used to predict both wavenumbers and atomic displacements (eigenvectors) for the vibrational modes. These calculations were based on the classical rigid‐ion model. The high‐temperature Raman scattering study of the crystal showed that it remains in the orthorhombic structure in the 8–848 K range and undergoes a structural phase transition between 848 and 854 K. This phase transition is most likely connected with weak tiltings and/or rotations of both MoO₄ (tetrahedra) and MoO₆ (octahedra) units, which lead to a disorder in the oxygen sublattice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用ZCTC晶体倍频半导体激光的紫光输出

报道了新型金属络合物非线性光学材料ZCTC（硫氰硫锌镉）晶体的光学性质。测量了ZCTC晶体的折射率,计算了其相位匹配角度。进行了半导体激光（LD）室温下直接倍频实验。当808nm基频GaAlAs半导体激光功率为473mW时,获得了390μW、4040μnm紫光输出。实验表明ZCTC晶体是一种优良的半导体激光倍频紫外非线性光学材料。     

Crystal structure,spectroscopy and magnetism of binuclear complexes of mercury and lanthanides; the Ln(NCS)(HMPA)4(μ-SCN)2HgCl(SCN) type

A series of lanthanide compounds of type Ln(NCS)(HMPA)₄,(μ-SCN)₂HgCl(SCN) (Ln = Pr, Nd, Eu) were synthesized and grown in the form of single crystals.

The crystal structure of the neodymium complex was determined by X-ray diffraction. Its space group is Cc, with the following unit cell parameters; a = 17.338(3) Å, b = 15.795(3) Å, c = 21.828(4) Å, β = 107.65(3)°. The structure has an unexpected architecture in which one Cl^? ion, four SCN^? ions, and four oxygen atoms of HMPA groups are engaged in the metal ion coordination.

The binuclear complex is composed of two types of subunits; seven coordinated Nd (III) and four coordinated Hg (II). The results obtained were compared with the earlier published data on the crystal structures of polynuclear complexes with ions of the IIa group (Zn or Cd). Luminescence, excitation of luminescence and absorption spectra of lanthanide (Pr, Nd, Eu) single crystals, as well as vibrational IR and Raman spectra at 293, 77 and 4K, were recorded. Non-trivial results of reabsorption of the d-level of Pr(III) emission by ³H₄ → ³ P_J, ₁D² transitions were observed with simultaneous detection of emission from the ³P₀ level after excitation in the UV region. The experimental oscillator strengths of the transitions were determined from the absorption spectra and parametrized in terms of the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6).

Satisfactory results for the calculation with low errors of estimation of the parameters were obtained for a crystal of the Nd-Hg compound, which reproduced the intensities of the electronic transitions well. Positive values of Ω_λ were evaluated for Pr(III) after including the ³H₄ → ³F₂ hypersensitive transition (obeying selection rules δJ = 2, δL = 2) in the calculations.

Based on the above results, the radiative rate constant can be determined. Strong vibronic components were found in the low temperature spectra for both types of ligands involved in metal ion coordination. The vibronic transitions are mainly associated with modes of groups directly coordinated to the metal ions. Electron-phonon coupling including the resonant vibronic effect was analysed based on IR and Raman data.

Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out down to 1.7 K. Correlation of the spectra and magnetic properties with details of the structure of the title compound was studied.     

宝石级钠沸石的振动光谱表征

国际珠宝交易市场上最近出现了一批价值不菲的无色透明的宝石级钠沸石刻面成品,为提供快速区分其与仿制品材料的依据,文章通过红外光谱和拉曼光谱对三颗钠沸石样品的振动光谱进行了研究。结果表明, 其红外光谱主要表现为：4 000～1 200 cm-1的吸收峰是结构中水导致的吸收;1 200～600 cm-1 的强吸收与TO₄四面体的内部T—O(T为Si或Al)的反对称和对称伸缩振动有关。拉曼光谱散射峰主要分布在300～600和700～1 200 cm-1两个区间。300～360 cm-1处较弱强度的拉曼散射峰是由于结构中水分子所导致。482 cm-1处中等强度的峰归属于硅氧四面体内部由于变形导致的拉曼位移。726 cm-1处的拉曼散射峰归属于Al—O的伸缩振动;974,1 038,1 084 cm-1的三处拉曼散射峰都是Si—O的伸缩振动导致的拉曼位移。     

Zn_(1-x)Mn_xTe/ZnTe超晶格的多声子拉曼谱

Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＴｅ／ＺｎＴｅ超晶格的多声子拉曼谱陈辰嘉李海涛王学忠李晓莅孙允希王晶晶周赫田（北京大学物理系北京１００８７１）Ｍｕｌｔｉ┐ｐｈｏｎｏｎＲａｍａｎＳｐｅｃｔｒａｏｆＺｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＴｅ／ＺｎＴｅＳｕｐｅｒｌａｔｉｃｅＣｈｅｎＣｈｅｎｊ...