Ce的浸渍顺序对Cu/Zn-Al水滑石衍生催化剂用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响

采用原位合成法在γ-Al_2O_3载体上合成了锌铝水滑石,再经浸渍法制备了Cu/Zn-Al、Ce/Cu/Zn-Al、Cu/Ce/Zn-Al和Cu-Ce/Zn-Al催化材料,使用XRD、XRF、SEM、氮吸附,XPS、H_2-TPR和N_2O滴定等手段对其进行了表征,探讨了Ce的浸渍顺序对Cu/Zn-Al水滑石衍生材料甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应催化性能的影响。结果表明,Ce的浸渍顺序主要影响催化剂的还原性质,进而影响了其催化性能。其中,Ce/Cu/Zn-Al催化剂的催化性能最佳,在250℃、水醇物质的量比为1.2、甲醇气体空速为800 h~(-1)的条件下,甲醇转化率达到100%;与Cu/Zn-Al催化剂相比,甲醇转化率提高了近40%。     

Catalytic properties of Cu-Co catalysts supported on HNO3-pretreated CNTs for higher-alcohol synthesis

HNO 3 -pretreated CNTs were employed as supports, and a special ultrasound-assisted impregnation method was designed to prepare supported Cu-Co catalysts for higher-alcohol synthesis from syngas. The catalysts used in this work were characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, TEM, XRD, H 2 -TPR, CO-TPD techniques. It was found that the pre-treatment procedure of CNTs remarkably promoted the catalytic properties of the Cu-Co/CNTs catalysts. For the Cu-Co catalyst supported on CNTs pre-treated by 68 wt% HNO 3 , some active components were introduced into the CNTs channels, their dispersions and the amount of strongly adsorbed CO-species were improved. The CO conversion and alcohol yield on the HNO 3 -pretreated Cu-Co/CNTs catalyst were increased by ～21% and ～69%, respectively, compared with those on the normal Cu-Co/CNTs catalyst.     

活性金属不同浸渍顺序对Mo-Ni/Al2O3催化剂硫醚化反应性能的影响

针对硫醚化反应过程使用的Mo-Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了不同浸渍方法对其催化性能和表面结构性质的影响。结果表明,通过同步浸渍和分步浸渍方法制得Mo-Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂的活性顺序为：先浸渍Mo后浸渍Ni的催化剂（SI-mn）≈Ni和Mo共同浸渍的催化剂（MN）>先浸渍Ni后浸渍Mo的催化剂（SI-nm）。对于SI-mn催化剂,先负载Mo后减弱了二次浸渍的Ni金属与载体间的相互作用,有利于负载金属的活化,并在二次浸渍后焙烧过程显现出显著的电子效应,形成新的Mo-Ni前体物种,有利于在预硫化过程形成适宜硫醚化和二烯烃选择性加氢的活性中心相,促进硫醚化反应和二烯烃选择性加氢。对于共同浸渍的MN催化剂也有类似的性质,因而也具有较好的催化性能。     

CuFe@SiO_2催化剂的制备及其在CO加氢合成低碳醇中的应用

采用共还原-原位包覆法制备一系列SiO_2包覆铜铁双金属纳米颗粒的催化剂(CuFe@SiO_2),借助N_2物理吸附、XRD、TEM、SEM-EDS、XPS和H_2-TPR等手段对不同Cu/Fe物质的量比的CuFe@SiO_2催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在CO加氢合成低碳醇中的催化反应性能。结果表明,所制得的催化剂均为孔分布处于介孔范围的SiO_2包覆的铜铁纳米颗粒。随着Cu/Fe物质的量比降低,铜铁以复合氧化物存在的比例、总醇及C_(2+)OH选择性先增大后减小。其中,总醇及C_(2+)OH选择性在Cu/Fe物质的量比为1时达到最大,这是由于此时催化剂存在较多的CuFe_2O_4复合氧化物,铜铁协同作用较强,同时催化剂也呈现较大的比表面积及孔容,有利于所生成的醇更快扩散至催化剂表面而避免二次加氢生产烃类。     

固相浸渍法和湿浸渍法制备CuO/CeO2催化剂及其CO氧化性能的对比研究

采用固相浸渍法和常规湿浸渍法制备了一系列CuO/CeO₂催化剂,并结合X射线衍射（XRD）、氢气-程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、激光拉曼光谱（LRS）、原位漫反射红外光谱（in situ DRIFTS）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段考察了制备方法对催化剂结构性质及其在CO氧化反应中性能的影响. XPS和H₂-TPR结果表明,固相浸渍法更有利于得到高分散的铜物种,并促进CuO物种的还原. LRS结果表明,相比于湿浸渍法,固相浸渍法能产生更多氧空位,而这些氧空位可以活化参与反应的O₂. CO氧化活性测试结果表明,当铜负载量相同时,固相浸渍法制备的催化剂相比于湿浸渍法表现出更好的催化性能. 结合多种表征结果发现,催化剂CO氧化性能与其表面氧空位和Cu⁺-CO浓度紧密相关,提出了CuO/CeO₂催化剂在CO氧化反应中可能的协同作用机制.     

Zr助剂对Co/AC催化剂催化费-托合成反应性能的影响

 采用CO加氢反应、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(TPR)和程序升温表面反应(TPSR)等技术考察了Zr助剂对Co/AC催化剂催化费-托合成反应性能的影响. 结果表明,还原、钝化后的Co-Zr/AC催化剂的XRD谱上只有较弱的CoO特征衍射峰; 反应50 h后,催化剂中Co主要以fcc晶相存在,同时还含有少量hcp晶相的Co; 加入Zr助剂后Co晶相衍射峰明显减弱. TEM结果表明, 15%Co/AC中Co的平均粒径为20 nm,加入Zr后Co粒径变小,15%Co-6%Zr/AC中Co的粒径为10 nm. CO加氢、XRD和TEM结果表明,加入Zr助剂可以提高活性组分Co的分散度,同时催化剂的活性随分散度的增大而增大. TPR和TPSR实验结果证实了上述结论.     

沉淀方法对FeMnCu/ZnO合成低碳醇催化剂性能的影响

以分步连续沉淀法和共沉淀法制备了一系列FeMnCu/ZnO复合氧化物合成低碳醇催化剂，对其CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的反应性能进行了考察，并用ICP、XRD、BET、H2-TPR对其结构进行了表征。结果表明，沉淀方法不同对催化剂的催化性能有较大的影响。在T503K、P=8.0MPa，GHSV=8000h－1，H2/CO＝2(体积比)的条件下, 分步沉淀法制备的FeMnCu/ZnO催化剂醇的收率和C2+OH的质量分数均高于共沉淀法制备的催化剂。其中“Fe atop Cu”催化剂醇的收率最高，达到0.26g/mLcat·h，同时“Fe atop Cu”催化剂C2+OH的质量分数也最高，可达31.72%。XRD研究表明，分步沉淀法制备的催化剂促进了CuO和ZnO的分散，提高了催化剂的催化性能。BET测试结果表明，分步沉淀法有扩孔的作用，有利于长链醇的生成。TPR研究发现，共沉淀法制备的催化剂Cu物种较难还原，这是共沉淀催化剂合成醇性能较低的原因之一。     

不同MgO载体对合成低碳烯烃用铁锰基催化剂的影响

采用共沉淀法、硝酸盐热分解法制备的MgO和商品MgO为载体,使用共浸渍法制备了系列FeMn/MgO催化剂,以CO加氢合成低碳烯烃为模型反应,对不同催化剂的反应性能进行了考察,采用X射线光电子能谱、N2物理吸附、X射线物相分析、程序升温还原等表征技术对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,采用共沉淀法制备的MgO载体比表面积最大,达到203.5m²/g,以此为载体制备的催化剂取得了最优的CO加氢合成低碳烯烃性能。在340℃、2.0MPa、1600h^-1的反应条件下,CO转化率达到91.36%,C₂⁼～C₄⁼选择性为58.48%。催化剂的比表面积大,活性组分分布均匀且在表面含量高及低温还原性能的明显改善是其具有优异的催化性能的重要原因。     

射频等离子体对合成低碳醇用CuCoAl催化剂的改性作用

采用共浸渍法制备了CuCo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,应用射频等离子体技术对催化剂进行改性处理。以CO加氢合成低碳醇为模型反应对催化剂进行活性评价,通过X射线物相分析(XRD)、氢氧滴定(HOT)、CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)和程序升温还原(TPR)等技术对催化剂进行表征,研究了射频等离子体技术强化处理对催化剂结构、吸附性能和还原性能的影响。结果表明,等离子体技术改性处理提高了催化剂活性组分的分散度,细化了铜物种的晶粒尺寸,增加反应活性位并调变了活性位对吸附物种的吸附强度,改进了催化剂的还原性能,等离子体改性处理的催化剂比未处理的样品CO加氢反应活性和低碳醇的时空产率显著提高。     

Effect of cobalt and its adding sequence on the catalytic performance of MoO3/Al2O3 toward sulfur-resistant methanation

The effect of promoter cobalt and the sequences of adding cobalt and molybdenum precursors on the performance of sulfur-resistant methanation were investigated. All these samples were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by N₂-adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS). The conversions of CO for Mo-Co/Al, Co-Mo/Al and CoMo/Al catalysts were 59.7%, 54.3% and 53.9%, respectively. Among these catalysts, the Mo-Co/Al catalyst prepared stepwisely by impregnating Mo precursor firstly showed the best catalytic performance. Meanwhile, the conversions of CO were 48.9% for Mo/Al catalyst and 10.5% for Co/Al catalyst. The addition of cobalt species could improve the catalytic activity of Mo/Al catalyst. The N₂-adsorption results showed that Co-Mo/Al catalyst had the smallest specific surface area among these catalysts. CoMoO₄ species in CoMo/Al catalyst were detected with XRD, TPR and LRS. Moreover, crystal MoS₂ which was reported to be less active than amorphous MoS₂ was found in both Co-Mo/Al and CoMo/Al catalysts. Mo-Co/Al catalyst showed the best catalytic performance as it had an appropriate surface structure, i.e., no crystal MoS₂ and very little CoMoO₄ species.     

钾对氧化铜催化活性炭还原No反应的助催化作用

研究了活性炭负载的Cu-K-O复合氧化物催化剂上碳还原NO的反应.结果表明,K的加入可有效地提高CuO催化剂的活性和稳定性,当Cu/K的质量比为2时催化性能最佳.X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温脱附-质谱等结果表明,K与Cu间的协同作用可促进表面碳活化中心与表面氧物种生成CO2的反应,保持表面Cu2+活性中心的数...     

Cu-Co-Fe oxide catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes for the oxidation of CO

The catalytic activity and adsorption characteristics of the surface of catalysts in the form of carbon nanotubes produced on nickel and cobalt oxides with the Cu-Co-Fe oxide system as supported active phase were studied. At carbon nanotubes produced on nickel oxide with (10 + 10) wt.% of the catalytically active phase total conversion of CO to CO₂ is realized at 47 °C. This sample has high specific surface area and a large volume of mesopores. It was shown that the increase in catalytic activity correlates with the increase in the amount of the α₂ form of CO₂. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 222–226, July–August, 2006.     

Effects of ceria addition and pre-calcination temperature on performance of cobalt catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Summary The effect of ceria addition on the performance of 10 wt.% Co catalysts supported on SiO2 and Al2O3 for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis has been investigated. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction technique. The catalytic tests (P = 1 atm, T = 488 K, H2/CO = 2, GHSV=1800 h-1) indicate that with addition of ceria, significant changes in CO conversion and hydrocarbon selectivities are observed. Also, the experiments show that the performance of 10 wt.% Co-CeO2/Al2O3 depends on the ceria concentration as well as on the pre-calcination temperature.     

Synergistic effects of catalysts and plasmas on the synthesis of ammonia and hydrazine

The synergistic effects o1 driving frequency of the discharge and catalysis of iron and molybdenum wires when then are placed in nitrogen-h ydrogen radio-frequency and microwave plasmas mere investigated. The ammonia Yield increased in the plasmas prepared using both driving frequencies. but the hydrazine yield increased only in fire radio-frequency discharge with the catalysts. The direct adsorption of NH_x formed in the plasma on the catalyst surface followed by the formation of NH₃ and N₂H₄ are considered as a reaction scheme in the radio-frequency discharge. On the other hand, the adsorption of N atoms and/or formation of the metal- N bond favors the formation of ammonia but does not affect the hydrazine formation in the microwave discharge.     

Synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 in the presence of Co-Ru and Co-Pd catalysts containing aluminum oxide

The influence of additions of 0.1–0.5% Pd or Ru in a 10% Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst on its activity and selectivity in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from CO and H₂ has been studied. It has been shown that the bimetallic systems make it possible to carry out the synthesis of hydrocarbons with a higher extent of conversion of CO and a higher yield of C ₅ ⁺ carbons in comparison with the original Co catalyst. Co-Ru catalysts exhibit exceptionally high selectivity (up to 80%) with respect to the formation of liquid products. It has been demonstrated by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) that the introduction of Pd an dRu promotes the reduction of Co at lower temperatures and the formation of cobalt aluminates.N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117913 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 60–64, January, 1992.     

氮掺杂碳纳米管担载CuCoCe对合成气制低碳醇的催化性能

以三聚氰胺为氮源,控制其与碳纳米管混合比例,经过高温焙烧得到不同氮含量的氮掺杂碳纳米管(xN-CNTs)载体;通过浸渍法制备x N-CNTs担载的CuCoCe催化剂,研究了氮掺杂对其催化合成气制低碳醇性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段,分析催化剂结构特性,关联了构效关系。结果表明,氮的掺杂量会影响催化剂活性组分Cu的存在状态及分散情况,减少可还原Co物种的数量,降低催化剂表面酸强度及酸量,使得长链烃类的生成受到抑制,总醇选择性明显提高。分析认为,掺杂在碳管上N的形态分布及掺杂量是影响上述因素的关键。     

State of the copper ions in the catalysts for oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide

The state of the copper ions in the catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, prepared by dissolving an activated copper-containing aluminum alloy in water followed by calcination (method A) and by impregnation of the support produced by dissolving activated aluminum in water with copper nitrate solution (method B), was investigated by diffuse reflection electronic spectroscopy. It was established that the catalysts contain Cu ²⁺ ions stabilized in fields of octahedral symmetry. The concentration of these ions depends on the method of synthesis of the catalyst, its copper content, and the pretreatment temperature. It is higher in the samples produced by impregnation than in the samples produced by fusion; increase in the amount of copper leads to a decrease while increase in the calcination temperature leads to an increase in the concentration of the above-mentioned ions. Treatment of the oxide systems with the reaction mixture does not affect the state and concentration of Cu ²⁺. The catalytic activity of the samples depends on the method of preparation and increases with decrease in the amount of Cu ²⁺ (O_h) and with increase in the content of the CuO phase in the system.N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117913. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 786–790, April, 1992.     

Effects of support and metal loading on the characteristics of Co based catalysts for selective hydrogenation of citral

Silica-, alumina- and titania-supported Co catalysts with different metal loadings were tested for selective citral hydrogenation in liquid phase. Temperature programmed desorption of hydrogen (H₂-TPD) indicated that the catalysts with the highest unsaturated alcohols selectivities present particular H-Co species. Electron diffraction and XRD measurements revealed that these species would be linked to the presence of Co⁰ hexagonal phase. According to the results obtained by TEM and cyclohexane dehydrogenation, these two properties would be present on large Co particles.     

还原气氛对钴锆共沉淀催化剂结构和费托合成反应性能的影响

采用程序升温还原、氮吸附、原位X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法研究了不同还原气氛对钴锆共沉淀催化剂结构的影响,并考察了催化剂上费托合成反应的性能.结果表明,H2还原对催化剂的破坏程度较小,活性相主要是面心立方钴;CO还原导致催化剂发生积碳,催化剂中出现面心立方钴和六方钴的混晶;合成气还原使催化剂烧结严重,单质钴以面心立方和六方两种晶相存在.费托合成反应结果表明,CO还原后催化剂没有催化性能,H2还原与合成气还原后催化剂的催化活性相差不大,但前者CH4选择性较低.