多孔硅技术在硅基微型燃料电池中的应用

多孔硅作为一种新型材料，利用其疏松多孔的特性及与IC加工的兼容性，将其用于硅微质子交换膜燃料电池的研究中，作为其电极扩散层，对多孔硅膜的性能、制备工艺及多孔硅膜表面金属淀积工艺进行了研究，提出一套基于MEMS加工技术和薄膜淀积技术的制作硅微质子交换膜燃料电池的工艺。     

多孔硅技术在硅基微型燃料电池中的应用

多孔硅作为一种新型材料,利用其疏松多孔的特性及与IC加工的兼容性,将其用于硅微质子交换膜燃料电池的研究中,作为其电极扩散层.对多孔硅膜的性能、制备工艺及多孔硅膜表面金属淀积工艺进行了研究,提出一套基于MEMS加工技术和薄膜淀积技术的制作硅微质子交换膜燃料电池的工艺.     

多孔硅技术在硅基微型燃料电池中的应用

多孔硅作为一种新型材料,利用其疏松多孔的特性及与IC加工的兼容性,将其用于硅微质子交换膜燃料电池的研究中,作为其电极扩散层.对多孔硅膜的性能、制备工艺及多孔硅膜表面金属淀积工艺进行了研究,提出一套基于MEMS加工技术和薄膜淀积技术的制作硅微质子交换膜燃料电池的工艺.     

一种高效的微型能源系统——微型燃料电池

本文介绍了微型燃料电池系统的优点．分类．应用前景以及国内外研究现状。还分析了应用微型燃料电池市场化所必须解决的一些问题。最后并对微型燃料电池的前景作了初步展望。     

硅基微型直接甲醇燃料电池的研究

设计了一种基于MEMS技术的硅基微型直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC),采用流体力学软件进行了DMFC三维阳极模型的模拟,利用MEMS加工技术和PDMS封装工艺实现了这种燃料电池,并在室温下对有效面积为8600μm× 8600μm的电池样品进行了性能测试.测试得到该DMFC的开路输出电压为0.5V,短路工作电流密度达到78.1mA/cm2,最大输出功率密度为3.86mW/cm2.主要参数已达到了一些电子器件的要求,具有一定的实用价值.     

硅基微型直接甲醇燃料电池的研究

设计了一种基于MEMS技术的硅基微型直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC），采用流体力学软件进行了DMFC三维阳极模型的模拟，〖JP2〗利用MEMS加工技术和PDMS封装工艺实现了这种燃料电池，并在室温下对有效面积为8600μm×8600μm的电池样品进行了性能测试．测试得到该DMFC的开路输出电压为0.5V，短路工作电流密度达到78.1mA/cm2，最大输出功率密度为3.86mW/cm2．主要参数已达到了一些电子器件的要求，具有一定的实用价值．     

基于MEMS技术的自呼吸式微型直接甲醇燃料电池

报道了一种利用MEMS技术制作的微型直接甲醇燃料电池.其特点在于,利用KOH体硅腐蚀和双面光刻工艺制作了一种独特的三维自吸氧阴极结构.分析了MEMS制作工艺的改进.实验结果表明,该电池室温下产生了2.52mW/cm2的最大功率.此性能好于国外报道的同类基于MEMS技术制作的被动式微型直接甲醇燃料电池,并同本课题组之前报道的需使用外部泵的主动式微型直接甲醇燃料电池性能相当,证明了文中提出的新结构的可行性.     

硅微机械惯性传感器技术及其应用

本文简述了MEMS技术及微机械传感器的技术含义，着重对硅微机械惯性传感器原理及研制硅微机械惯性传感器的关键技术进行描述，为开展硅微机械惯性传感器研究及应用作技术准备及必要的思考。     

多孔硅的形成及其在表面微机械技术中的应用

介绍了多孔硅的基本特性及其形成的选择性，最后介绍了多孔硅在表面微机械技术中的应用。     

燃料电池堆控制系统的实现

燃料电池(Fuel-Cell,FC)是21世纪新型的高效、节能、环保的发电方式之一。它是一种将储存在燃料和氧化剂中的化学能通过电极反应直接转变成电能的电化学反应装置,最大特点是不经过热机过程,因此不受卡诺循环限制,能量转换效率高、噪声低、污染小,被公认为是21世纪首选的清洁、高效的新型发电技术。文章根据燃料电池发动机的功能和特点,给出了一种适合汽车用的高功率质子交换膜燃料电池堆控制系统的实现方法。此控制系统经过燃料电池汽车实际测试,运行良好。     

High-Performance Flow Alkali-Al/Acid Hybrid Fuel Cell for High-Rate H2 Generation

Hydrogen (H₂) has been utilized as a versatile feedstock or promising energy carrier in a variety of fields, yet the implementation of high-rate H₂ production presents a grand challenge for its readily accessible application. Herein, a newly alkali-Al/acid hybrid fuel cell (3AHFC) that shows the capability of rapidly producing H₂ upon delivering a considerably high energy density is reported, which is set up by paring Al anode in alkaline anolyte with acidic catholyte and a relatively cheap nanohybrid of Ru nanoparticle decorating crumpled reduced graphene oxide (Ru/c-rGO) as cathode catalysts. It is demonstrated that the 3AHFC can release a power density of up to 240.6 mW cm⁻² with a Faradic efficiency of approaching 99% for fast H₂ generation (300 mA cm⁻²). Such hybrid electrolyte H₂-generation fuel cell can also be extended for either seawater anolyte or metallic Mg anode, presenting great promise for the practice feasibility of on-site H₂ production for applications in tough or even extreme environments.     

Ordered CdTe/CdS Arrays for High-Performance Solar Cells

The deposition of uniform arrays of CdTe/CdS heterostructures suitable for solar cells via close-spaced sublimation is presented. The approach used to create the arrays consists of two basic steps: the deposition of a patterned growth mask on CdS, and the selective-area deposition of CdTe. CdTe grains grow selectively on the CdS but not on the SiO₂ due to the differential surface mobility between the two surfaces. Furthermore, the CdTe mesas mimic the size and shape of the window opening in the SiO₂. Measurements of the current density in the CdTe were high at 28 mA/cm². To our knowledge, this is the highest reported current density for these devices. This implies that either the quantum efficiency is very high or the electrons generated throughout the CdTe are being concentrated by the patterned structure analogous to solar concentration. The enhancement in crystal uniformity and the relatively unexplored current concentration phenomenon could lead to significant performance improvements.     

燃料电池即将进入电子产品设计领域

近10年来,计算机和移动通信设备的发展可谓日新月异,反观为其配套的电池技术却并未赶上它们的脚步。但令人欣喜的是,在诸如石油和煤炭等自然资源日益减少的今天,电池技术还在以其稳健的脚步向前发展。诺贝尔奖得主Smalley博士表示,未来50年人类面临的十大问题中,以能源居首,能源需求量成长了3～4倍,而能源技术的革命性发展与突破,包括燃料电池、纳米锂电池、太阳能电池,储氢系统、光触媒,光电池等应用,将为人类的生产和生活带来巨大的变化。     

Interface-Rich Three-Dimensional Au-Doped PtBi Intermetallics as Highly Effective Anode Catalysts for Application in Alkaline Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cells

The preparation of metal electrocatalysts with excellent comprehensive properties for application in alcohol fuel cells is an urgent issue. This study reports a novel 3D Au-doped PtBi intermetallic phase woven by sub-7 nm building blocks. The high-efficiency “active auxiliary” Au advances the activity and in situ anti-CO poisoning upon ethylene glycol electrooxidation on 3D PtBiAu, along with high C C bond cleavage and attainment of a ten-electron complete electrooxidation via a CO-free pathway. The interface-rich 3D structure with “nanocontainer” function, electronic effect, and dual functional sites of “Pt–Au” or “Pt–Bi” enable the 3D PtBiAu to outperform industrial Pt black and 3D PtBi intermetallics significantly. The mass activity on the 3D Pt_53.1Bi_43.4Au_3.5 intermetallics boosts to 28.72 A mg_Pt⁻¹, higher than that reported in a previous study. The 3D Pt_53.1Bi_43.4Au_3.5 exhibits superior performance to industrial Pt/C in direct ethylene glycol fuel cells (DEGFCs). The peak power density of 3D Pt_53.1Bi_43.4Au_3.5 is 145/92 mW cm⁻² in O₂/air (80 °C). Importantly, the cell voltage shows a negligible decay in both O₂ and air during the 20 h durability testing. This study results in the development of novel 3D PtBiAu intermetallics as high-performance anode electrocatalysts for application in DEGFCs.     

同时测量氢氧CARS光谱确定火焰温度和氢氧浓度的研究

利用YAG激光器和一台染料激光器同时测量了氢／空气预混平面火焰中氢氧CARS光谱。从氢的S（5）和S（6）支统转动线的强度比获得火焰温度，并与由氮的CARS光谱得到的温度进行了实验校验。氢和氧的浓度分别由氢的S（6）支和氧的Q支光谱求得，并利用红／空气预混平面火焰的局部热力学平衡计算对所得浓度进行了校验。温度的校验误差为4％，而氢氧浓度的校验误差分别为14％和12％。     

应用于流场测量的激光高频空气超声声光偏转效应

研制了适用于产生空气超声相位光栅的大功率高频超声换能器，采用位移灵敏接收器，在换能器发射面前方适当位置加声匹配器以加强声场干涉提高发射方向性，获得了明显的激光空气超声声光偏转效应。可应用于风洞试验中测量空气旋涡流场参量．     

Si/SiO2@Graphene Superstructures for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

The superstructure composed of various functional building units is promising nanostructure for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) anodes with extreme volume change and structure instability, such as silicon-based materials. Here, a top-down route to fabricate Si/SiO₂@graphene superstructure is demonstrated through reducing silicalite-1 with magnesium reduction and depositing carbon layers. The successful formation of superstructure lies on the strong 3D network formed by the bridged-SiO₂ matrix coated around silicon nanoparticles. Furthermore, the mesoporous Si/SiO₂ with amorphous bridged SiO₂ facilitates the deposition of graphene layers, resulting in excellent structural stability and high ion/electron transport rate. The optimized Si/SiO₂@graphene superstructure anode delivers an outstanding cycling life for ≈1180 mAh g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ over 500 cycles, excellent rate capability for ≈908 mAh g⁻¹ at 12 A g⁻¹, great areal capacity for ≈7 mAh cm⁻² at 0.5 mA cm⁻², and extraordinary mechanical stability. A full cell test using LiFePO₄ as the cathode manifests a high capacity of 134 mAh g⁻¹ after 290 loops. More notably, a series of technologies disclose that the Si/SiO₂@graphene superstructure electrode can effectively maintain the film between electrode and electrolyte in LIBs. This design of Si/SiO₂@graphene superstructure elucidates a promising potential for commercial application in high-performance LIBs.     

Optimized Hardware Implementation for Forward Quantization of H.264/AVC

An efficient implementation for the computation of the forward quantization of H.264/AVC is presented. It uses a modified reformulation of quantization expressions, in full compliance with the standard, combined with an adaptive truncated Booth multiplier to reduce hardware complexity. The JM reference software’s C code has been rewritten to analyze the effect of the proposed approach. Simulations carried out on several typical video sequences with different texture characteristics demonstrate the validity of this approach with an improvement in the PSNR at low QP, between a maximum of +0.8 dB and a minimum of 0.3 dB, with a slight increment in the bit-rate of about 0.8 %. However, this improvement is smoothed for typical values of QP and only an insignificant difference is found with respect to the JM results. The proposed architecture synthesized in the AMS 0.35μm technology, which is suitable for VLSI implementation, reduces the area by 26 %, the power by 32 % and the critical path delay by 21 % in comparison with a classic implementation.     

标准型风刀的风速标定及其流场特性研究

采用IFA-300热线风速仪对由成都光电研究所研制的压缩气体驱动的标准型风刀在不同压强下刀口处的风速进行了标定,并对风刀刀口处的流场特性进行了研究.实验结果表明,风刀刀口处的风速与压缩气体的压强成线性关系,压强越大,刀口处的风速也越大;风刀刀口处流场的稳定性和均匀性与流场的具体位置有关,风刀风道中心位置的流场流速最大,不稳定度最低,大约为2%;在风刀风道的边缘位置,流场流速最小,不稳定度最高,不稳定度接近28%左右.     

Universal Bottom Contact Modification with Diverse 2D Spacers for High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Although the 2D spacer modification is widely studied in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), the energy level alignment between the 2D/3D interfaces makes it unfavorable for top surface passivation in the inverted p-i-n device structure. To address this issue, the effect of bottom interface modification is studied with three representative 2D spacers, i.e., the Ruddlesden-Popper 2D spacer, Dion-Jacobson 2D spacer, and strong passivation 2D spacer, in inverted p-i-n PVSCs. After optimization, the PVSCs with these 2D spacer modifications universally exhibit the best efficiencies of ≈21.6%, which constitutes dramatic improvement compared to the control device (20.7%). By lifting off the perovskite layer, the optoelectronic properties of the bottom surface are studied, and the mechanism underlying the improved device performance is unveiled to be uniformly originated from the formation of 2D/3D heterojunction, where the cascade valence band facilitates the hole collection and electron back scattering field suppresses the charge recombination at the anode interface. Besides, the unencapsulated device retains 90% of initial efficiency after 30 days of storage in ambient air with a relative humidity of 30 ± 5%, indicating excellent stability against moisture and oxygen. This study provides insight into the bottom interface modification with diverse 2D spacers for high-performance p-i-n structured PVSC devices.