超流氦相分离器临界速度计算方法与比较

超流氦在空间探测的极低温制冷系统中被广泛应用,在研究超流氦通过圆管或者狭缝时,需要分清超流氦在圆管或者狭缝中的流动状态,从而应用不同的模型来计算超流氦的制冷量。根据查阅已有的相关文献资料,列举分析不同的超流氦临界速度计算方法,然后进行比较。     

超流氦沸腾过程的混沌分析

超流氦的噪声沸腾和无噪声沸腾的研究对超流氦的应用有重要指导意义,通过相空间重构分析Lyapunov指数发现,它们均是混沌运动,而且可用Lyapunov指数描述和比较过程的不稳定性;通过时间序列的R／S分析,可用Hurst指数H和分维D0判别这两个过程的近似的时间序列模型。     

超流氦中的热波实验研究

在本文中,采用新型的超导传感器对超流氦浴中的热波在不同的热流密度及氦浴温度下进行了测量,同时研究了超流氦浴中的热激波现象,并且与理论分析进行了比较。     

超流氦中的沸腾实验研究及其光学测量

在超流氦的沸腾实验中,随着静压液柱的降低,会出现不同的沸腾状态。在噪块沸腾中,一个与平板加热器大小相当的包在其表面上反复地长大、缩小,并伴随着巨大的噪声和剧烈的机械振动;在无噪声沸胶中,在平板加热器表面形成一个极稳定的气膜,并且,没有噪声和机械振动出现;而在两者之间,存在一个过渡的沸腾状态。在本文中,通过对沸腾过程中的可视化测量和对沸腾时的压力振动的测量,对超流氦中的不同沸腾状态进行了研究。     

过冷态超流氦中的稳态传热

本文详细研究了过冷态超流氦(Hellp)中的稳态传热,内容包括临界热流密度、膜沸腾传热系数、以及过冷态超流氦浴温度和压力对稳态传热特性的影响.对最大临界热流密度的理论性探讨——“相对临界热流密度法”较为成功地阐述了 Hellp 的最大临界热流密度.     

超流氦噪声沸腾中的压力测量

噪声沸腾是涉及超流氦传热和超流氦物理中的一个特殊现象，对它的充分认识对于超导磁体等的应用有重要的意义，在本实验中，对一个大小为２．５ｃｍ×２．５ｃｍ的小试样进行瞬态加热，并借助一个压力传感器，从１．７Ｋ到的点，从饱和压力到几百毫米汞柱压力，详细研究了超流氮噪声沸腾中压力振动，同时对常流态氮Ｉ中的沸腾中也进行了比较研究 。     

超流氦系统负压换热器研究进展

近年来我国大型低温制冷系统研制取得了较大的进展,对超流氦低温系统的研制提出了需求,而超流氦系统的高效运行离不开负压换热器。文中介绍了超流氦低温系统中负压换热器的研究进展、传热机理中存在的问题及其未来发展的方向,为负压换热器的设计以及以后的探索提供参考。     

超流氦获取实验液位数据采集与测试系统研究

针对超流氦获取与传输实验设计的数据采集系统由控制柜、工控机、显示器三部分组成。使用板卡PCI-1620对工控机的串口进行扩展,使系统能够同时采集8个RS232信号。其中液位信息是非常重要的物性参数,针对获取与传输实验液氦杜瓦设计定制的超导液位计,能够与整个测控系统一起完成液位信息的采集、转换和记录。     

过冷态超流氦浴中的二步相变传热研究

本文提出了考虑过冷态超流氦传热中的He／Hell、GHe／Hel的二步相变传热模型,该模型与实验结果符合得很好。     

超流氦浴中的热波传热研究

热波传热机制是超流氦传热非常重要的一个方面.在小热流密度的情况下,超流氦中的热波完全保持加热热流的波形,热量的传输完全靠热波来完成;随着热流密度的增加到一定程度,会在超流氦浴中激发量子涡旋.量子涡旋使热波发展成为热激波.在开放氦浴中,热波的波形不同于狭窄通道里的热波,在热波的尾部会出现一个冷却波;并且随着加热时间的变化,冷却波的形状和幅度会发生很大的变化.运用二流体模型和涡旋方程对超流氦中的热波进行了计算,实验结果与计算结果吻合得较好. 关键词： 超流氦 热波 量子涡旋 热激波     

Stability measurements on cored cables in normal and superfluid helium

The relative stability of LHC type cables has been measured by the direct heating of one of the individual strands with a short duration current pulse. The minimum energy required to initiate a quench has been determined for a number of cables which have a central core to increase the effective inter-strand cross-over resistance. Experiments were performed in both normal helium at 4.4 K and superfluid at 1.9 K. Conductors in general are less stable at the lower temperature when measured at the same fraction of critical current. Results show that the cored-cables, even when partially filled with solder or with a ‘porous-metal' filler exhibit a relatively low stability at currents close to the critical current. It is speculated that the high inter-strand electrical and thermal resistance inherent in these cables may affect the stability at high currents.     

超流氦制冷系统2K冷却级热力分析

通过对节流阀阀前J-T换热器的效率以及2 K冷却级的制冷量等参量与节流阀前温度、压力以及J-T换热器冷、热端温差等关系的分析表明,考虑比热变化时J-T换热器的效率均低于不考虑比热变化时的J-T换热器的效率,且发现在降低换热器入口温度来提高单位质量氦气的2 K制冷量时,J-T换热器的热效率将降低。分析结果表明为避免系统变工况运行时换热器运行出现负温差,建议J-T换热器应该以限定冷端温差进行设计。     

Shock cooling of liquid nitrogen and superfluid helium

Abstract

Superfluid Helium (11) and liquid nitrogen are the only liquids which have been shown experimentally, to exhibit shock cooling. In the present paper we use the Landau model to demonstrate theoretically that the roton gap, which decreases with increasing density, plays the same role leading to shock cooling in liquid helium as the dissociation energy does in liquid nitrogen.     

Feature of the magnetotransport of a quasi-one-dimensional electrons on the superfluid helium

The magnetotransport in a nondegenerate quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) electron system over superfluid helium has been investigated experimentally. The measurements are performed in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field B up to 2.6 T in the temperature range T=0.48–2.05 K in the system of conducting channels of 100–400 nm width. It is shown that the value of longitudinal magnetoresistance ρ_xx increases with B. In the electron-gas scattering region (T>0.9 ), the behaviour of ρ_xx agrees with classical Drude law. In the quantum transport regime, the self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) theory for a 2D electron system over liquid helium describes the experimental data qualitatively. The deviation due to the difference of the experimentally studied Q1D system of the electrons in a parabolic potential well differs from theoretically analysed one. The experimental data agree with the theoretical calculation for the Q1D electron system at the weak magnetic field and the low temperature.

The negative magnetoresistance of the conducting channels has been observed in both the gas- and the ripplon-scattering region. These effects have been explained by weak carrier localization on the gas atoms at high temperature and by display of the quantum magnetotransport features in a mesoscopic system at low temperature.     

Ions trapped near the free surface of superfluid helium: A review

Suitable ions or other charged particles can be trapped electrostatically just below the free surface of superfluid⁴He. Examples of such particles are the socalled negative ion, which is an electron in a bubble, and the so-called positive ion, which is a⁴He⁺ ion surrounded by a small region (snowball) of solid helium. The trapping mechanism can be used to create two-dimensional pools of ions. Three types of experiment can be carried out with such pools: those that relate to the ionic structure; those in which the ions are used as probes of the properties of the superfluid helium; and those in which the pools are studied as examples of simple two-dimensional fluids or solids. Experiments that have been carried out so far are reviewed, and prospects for the future are assessed.     

高密度氦相变的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法结合对关联函数分析计算了0–1000 K范围内氦的固–液相变曲线, 与实验数据的对比显示, 在0–500 K之间与实验数据符合很好, 500 K以上还没有相应的实验数据. 另外, 计算了钛金属中不同尺寸氦泡的压强, 并与高密度氦的固–液相变曲线进行了对比. 结果显示, 在低温条件下, 随着温度的降低, 钛晶体中可能会出现固态氦泡; 在300 K以上不会存在固态氦泡.