大视角计算机制彩虹全息图的研究

提出大视角计算机制彩虹全息图制作的新方法-计算机与光学相结合的两步法.采用这种方法,计算机制彩虹全息图的视角可以方便地做到适合显示需要的大小,并且全息图的计算时间比采用一般方法计算短,解决了目前计算机制全息用于显示实用化存在的难点:庞大的计算量,大视角全息图制作困难.     

大视角两步彩虹全息术

本文巧妙地运用了全息图的光路可逆性,采用两面反射镜与小面积全息图相结合,制得了视场角接近180°的大视角彩虹全息图.整个过程分两步完成,无需任何特殊的光学元件.文中给出了实验结果,并进行了讨论.     

一种获得大视角彩虹全息图的新方法：全息共轭法

提出一种利用全息相位共轭法获得大视角彩虹全息图的新方法,和全息聚光屏的概念.与一般彩虹全息法相比,全息相位共轭法所得彩虹全息图的视场不受透镜孔径的限制.简述了全息共轭法的基本原理,从理论上和实验上证明了该方法的可行性.     

大视角真彩色全息图制作的新方法

为了提高全息图的彩色效果和增加其视角,结合光学全息和计算全息的优点,利用镜像法提出了一种提高全息图彩色效果和增大视角的新方法。制作方法分两步来实现,第一步,镜像迭加的分色计算全息图H1r,H1g,H1b的制作。第二步,利用光学的方法制作彩虹全息图H2。设计光路使再现的光波经平面镜反射,按光的可逆原理展开,形成大视角再现。经理论分析和实验验证,实验获得的全息图可以在大视角(约14°)情况下观察到彩色再现像,彩色效果和立体效果均较为明显。     

投影彩虹全息术

本文提出一种新的彩虹全息图的记录方法——投影彩虹全息术.这种技术简化了彩虹全息图的记录过程,在某些方面克服了传统方法的限制,制作的投影彩虹全息图具有大景深、大视角和高分辨率的特点.文中介绍了投影彩虹全息图的记录和再现的原理,分析了它的基本性能,并讨论了一些成功和可能的应用.     

模压全息图的再现过程

本文就模压全息图的再现过程进行了论述。由于模压全息图的特殊性，本文论述了模压全息图再现时的一些现象，这对于设计２Ｄ／３Ｄ模压全息图有一定的参考意义。     

计算机制半周视彩色彩虹全息体视图

全息体视图(HS)是一种可加速计算的全息图，能够实现单色全息三维(3D)显示，将其与彩色彩虹全息相结合并实现允许多人围观的半周视彩色彩虹全息3D显示具有实际应用价值。在HS计算原理的基础上，设计单元全息图侧视角及视场角等参数，通过频域复用获得包含红色、绿色和蓝色信息的单元全息图的频谱，对频谱进行傅里叶逆变换后取实部得到该单元全息图，所有单元全息图的组合形成完整的半周视彩色彩虹HS。通过并行加速计算的方法实现分辨率为200800 pixel×200800 pixel、尺寸为64 mm×64 mm的高分辨率半周视彩色彩虹HS仅需15.15 min。采用反射照明的方式进行光学再现，实现了允许多人同时观看的清晰的彩色全息3D显示，其有望应用于3D军事地图、3D沙盘等领域。     

一种制作多色彩全息图的新方法

本文首先提出了一种制作二维透射物彩虹全息图的新方法，即利用一专门设计的全息光学元件──色编码板，采用单光束制作所需物体的彩虹全息图；在此基础上，通过对色编码板的进一步理论设计，制作了一组对应不同主波长的色编码板，实现了记录物体的多色彩虹再现全息图。实验结果表明，此方案简便易行，光路布置灵活性高，且能有效地消除纵向色差的影响，特别适合于模压全息图制造中母全息图的拍摄，并降低了对环境稳定性的要求。     

全视场彩虹全息图

全视场彩虹全息图戴薇，肖光文，蒋光和（吉首大学物理系湖南４１６０００）一、引言全视场彩虹全息图可以用白光分别再现被援物体的彩虹一反射正反两面的像，其再现像两个面分别在全息图的两侧．通常是用二步法拍摄，操作麻烦，周期长．为了使拍出来的全视场彩虹全息图在...     

无透镜夫琅和费型计算机彩虹全息图

本文提出一种新的计算机彩虹全息图,即无透镜夫琅和费型计算机彩虹全息图,介绍了它的基本原理及物体光波的数学描述,并以彩虹全息图的信息量出发,讨论了一般计算机彩虹全息图信息量的冗余度及减少冗余信息量的方法.最后给出了无透镜夫琅和费型计算机彩虹全息图的实验结果.     

Thermal 3D modeling system based on 3-view geometry

In this paper, we propose a novel thermal three-dimensional (3D) modeling system that includes 3D shape, visual, and thermal infrared information and solves a registration problem among these three types of information. The proposed system consists of a projector, a visual camera and, a thermal camera (PVT). To generate 3D shape information, we use a structured light technique, which consists of a visual camera and a projector. A thermal camera is added to the structured light system in order to provide thermal information. To solve the correspondence problem between the three sensors, we use three-view geometry. Finally, we obtain registered PVT data, which includes visual, thermal, and 3D shape information. Among various potential applications such as industrial measurements, biological experiments, military usage, and so on, we have adapted the proposed method to biometrics, particularly for face recognition. With the proposed method, we obtain multi-modal 3D face data that includes not only textural information but also data regarding head pose, 3D shape, and thermal information. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed face recognition system is not limited by head pose variation which is a serious problem in face recognition.     

空间光调制器曲面拼接实现全息三维显示视角拓展

本文对多空间光调制器不同拼接方式拓展全息三维再现像视角的方法进行了分析,基于多片空间光调制器拼接拓展视角的思想,利用平面反射镜、分光镜和两片透射式空间光调制器设计了曲面拼接系统,进行了全息三维再现像的视角拓展实验研究。用该系统对四棱锥物体的层析菲涅尔衍射全息图进行再现,结果表明,总视角由基于单片空间光调制器的1.7°增大到3.2°,即拓展到约1.9倍,分光镜能够消除两片空间光调制器间的间隙,实现无缝拼接。该方法同样适用于更多空间光调制器的曲面拼接中,可以有效地拓展全息再现像的视场角大小。     

Study on welded seam recognition using circular laser vision sensor

A novel visual robotic arc welding system based on circular laser vision sensor is developed. After image de-noising, image segmentation, and image thinning, the relation of depth value of workpiece and off-axis angle γ, three-dimensional (3D) calculation, and seam tracking experiments are carried out. Finally, the error for seam tracking system is analyzed. The results show that 1) 3D information can be obtained using the proposed visual robotic arc welding system and the real-time seam tracking is realized; 2) the seam tracking error is small enough for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process, and this system can be used for seam location and seam tracking or seam finder.     

Stereo-PEEM for three-dimensional atomic and electronic structures of microscopic materials

The principle and design of a new photoemission electron microscope (PEEM), which is called Stereo-PEEM, is described here. Stereo-PEEM can display not only the image of microscopic materials but also the angular distribution of high-energy photoelectrons up to about ±60°, which is about 100-fold the acceptance angle of usual PEEM. This wide angle acceptance for high-energy photoelectrons enables the three-dimensional (3D) display of atomic structure as well as the 3D electronic structure of individual micromaterials. The 3D atomic structure of a sample can be observed directly by taking stereophotographs using photons with angular momentum.     

基于人眼视觉的集成成像三维显示分辨率的比较

为了对不同集成成像系统三维显示应用中的视觉分辨效果进行表征, 提出了一种基于人眼视觉的集成成像三维显示分辨率的分析比较方法. 通过分析集成成像三维显示系统的分辨率与人眼在最佳显示观看距离下分辨本领的关系, 定义了相对分辨率参数, 分析了其与集成成像三维显示实际观看时视觉分辨效果的关系. 研究结果表明, 透镜阵列的大小对集成成像三维显示的视觉分辨效果有重要的影响. 针对两个系统实例的理论计算结果表明, 系统间的相对分辨率参数差异是传统分辨率差异的1.75倍, 实验结果与理论分析一致. 该研究方法对三维显示分辨率的评价有一定的指导意义.     

三维空间域多普勒功率谱及其多天线系统性能

在三维(3 dimensional,3D)空间域信道建模中,针对波达信号仰角(elevation angle,EA)在不同覆盖区散射体环境中的分布,提出了指数型EA仰角概率密度函数并对其信道特征实现建模.在假设波达信号方位谱为均匀分布时,采用近似算法在对称和非对称两种情况下导出其多普勒功率谱密度(power spectral density,PSD)闭合表达式.从分析结果可发现PSD与仰角函数式及波达信号边界角度参数βmin和βmax关系密切,并与多普勒频移密切相关.对该三维空间域中的多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)多天线信号衰落相关性(spatial fading correlation,SFC)进行了推导和仿真.结果表明MIMO多天线阵元间SFC与βmin和βmax关系密切,而EA仰角概率密度函数参数n对SFC影响较小.本文引入的指数型EA仰角概率密度函数可应用于多种无线通信环境下的信道参数估计,且与传统模型对比表明本模型的信道参数估计结果符合理论和经验值,拓展了对3D空间域统计信道的建模与MIMO多天线分析计算.     

Cyber surgery: Parameterized mesh for multi-modal surgery simulation

This paper presents a new method for modeling of virtual organs for surgery simulation. The organ models have a parameterized representation that supports real-time interactive deformation. To accomplish real-time interaction with deformable organs, instead of computing the deformation on the 3D organ models in 3D space we use a novel yet simple and fast free-form deformation on the 2D parameterized representation itself. With the parameterized mesh, we also demonstrate that realistic visual and haptic rendering can be provided for interactive surgery simulation.     

Recent advances in 3D SEM surface reconstruction

The scanning electron microscope (SEM), as one of the most commonly used instruments in biology and material sciences, employs electrons instead of light to determine the surface properties of specimens. However, the SEM micrographs still remain 2D images. To effectively measure and visualize the surface attributes, we need to restore the 3D shape model from the SEM images. 3D surface reconstruction is a longstanding topic in microscopy vision as it offers quantitative and visual information for a variety of applications consisting medicine, pharmacology, chemistry, and mechanics. In this paper, we attempt to explain the expanding body of the work in this area, including a discussion of recent techniques and algorithms. With the present work, we also enhance the reliability, accuracy, and speed of 3D SEM surface reconstruction by designing and developing an optimized multi-view framework. We then consider several real-world experiments as well as synthetic data to examine the qualitative and quantitative attributes of our proposed framework. Furthermore, we present a taxonomy of 3D SEM surface reconstruction approaches and address several challenging issues as part of our future work.     

基于三维空间域移动通信统计信道的多普勒效应

针对散射体均匀分布以及三维空间域(3 dimension,3D)移动通信环境,提出了3D空间统计信道模型.对在指向性天线覆盖下的室内微小区移动通信环境,模型能够估计多径衰落信道的重要空时信道参数,如波达信号在水平面以及垂直面的信号到达角度(angle of arrival,AOA)以及多普勒效应(Doppler spectra,DS)等.移动台(mobile station,MS)的移动特性会使接收信号产生多普勒效应,根据运动的相对性理论,基站(base station,BS)也会有相对运动,因此也会有多普勒效应产生.本文引入控制变量法导出三维空间域在MS以及BS端的多普勒效应,数值仿真结果与室外3D多径衰落信道对比表明,本模型的信道参数估计结果符合理论和经验,扩展了3D空间统计信道模型的研究和应用.     

Angle extended linear MEMS scanning system for 3D laser vision sensor

Scanning system is often considered as the most important part for 3D laser vision sensor. In this paper, we propose a method for the optical system design of angle extended linear MEMS scanning system, which has features of huge scanning degree, small beam divergence angle and small spot size for 3D laser vision sensor. The principle of design and theoretical formulas are derived strictly. With the help of software ZEMAX, a linear scanning optical system based on MEMS has been designed. Results show that the designed system can extend scanning angle from ±8° to ±26.5° with a divergence angle small than 3.5 mr, and the spot size is reduced for 4.545 times.