氮掺杂碳制备氧还原反应催化剂及保护气流动对催化剂活性的影响

在氮气氛围中热处理含氯化锰、六次甲基四胺和乙炔黑的前驱体制备非贵金属氧还原反应催化剂MnHMTA/C. 考察了热处理温度和保护气流动对催化剂活性的影响. 在700 ℃下热处理2 h所得催化剂具有良好的催化活性. 在热处理过程中,Mn(II)离子转变为MnO,改进了催化剂活性. 六次甲基四胺以其气体分解产物参与催化剂活性位的生成,保护气的流动会将气体分解产物带出,从而减弱MnHMTA/C催化剂的性能.     

费-托合成制清洁燃料用担载纳米钴基催化剂制备中热处理对其结构和催化性能的影响

" 应用浸渍法在不同的焙烧条件(90~500 ℃)制备了一系列Al2O3担载钴基催化剂(质量含量为15%);采用XRD、XPS、程序升温还原对其进行了结构表征和分析,考察其在一氧化碳选择加氢制备清洁燃料用长链烷烃的反应中的催化性能．XPS结果表明,对于在90~200 ℃焙烧的催化剂,仍可观察到未完全分解的硝酸钴的存在;对于在200~500 ℃焙烧的几个催化剂可观察到Co3O4的物相．对于经过几种热处理制备的氧化铝担载的四个纳米钴基催化剂(200~500 ℃热处理),XRD和XPS结果表明四个样品中主要是9     

氮掺杂碳载钴催化剂制备及其TG-FTIR和XRD光谱分析

以三聚氰胺甲醛树脂预聚体为氮源、碳源,以乙酸钴为金属前驱体,制备氮掺杂碳载钴氧还原电催化剂。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱与热重联用(thermogravimetry-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,TG-FTIR)、X射线衍射光谱分析(X-ray diffraction spectra,XRD)等研究了催化剂的制备过程和结构,采用旋转圆盘电极测试(rotating disc electrode,RDE)考察了制备过程中不同炭化温度对催化剂氧还原催化活性的影响。结果显示,在惰性气氛中,随炭化温度升高,样品中部分有机基团以CO,CO2,HCHO,NH3,NO2等形态随保护气流失,催化剂结构出现明显变化,形成典型的面心立方结构。旋转圆盘电极测试结果表明,所制备的催化剂都具有较好的电催化活性,氮掺杂碳载钴催化剂的氧还原起始电位在0.5V(vs.SCE)左右,炭化温度为700℃时制备的催化剂具有最高电催化氧还原活性。     

NaCu5S3复合NixFe-LDH的结构对水解氧析出性能的影响

析氧反应(OER)在锌空气电池、燃料电池和电解水等能源储存和转换设备中都有至关重要的作用.然而OER过程涉及四电子转移,导致反应动力学缓慢.尽管贵金属氧化物被认为是最先进的OER电催化剂,但昂贵的价格以及稀缺性限制了其商业应用.因此,本工作结合水热和水浴法制备了NaCu₅S₃@Ni_xFe-LDH(x=1,2,3,4)纳米片阵列复合电催化剂.对样品的结构进行了表征,结果显示NaCu₅S₃和Ni₂Fe-LDH充分混合,形成紧密结合的界面,有利于电荷的快速转移,这将增强两相界面处的电子调控作用,改变其局域结构特性,促进OER电催化性能.电化学测试结果显示,当电流密度为20 mA·cm^-2时,NaCu₅S₃@Ni₂Fe-LDH在1.0 M KOH电解液中的氧析出过电位仅为227 mV,电催化性能优于原始的NaCu₅S₃(271 mV)...     

Fe/Co/Ni-N共掺杂石墨烯氧还原反应活性的DFT研究

为了研究Fe/Co/Ni-N掺杂石墨烯的氧还原反应(ORR)活性,比较单金属原子和氮不同的掺杂方式对石墨烯ORR活性的影响.利用Materials Studio软件建立了Fe/Co/Ni-N掺杂石墨烯模型,然后将氧气分子分别吸附在Fe/Co/Ni-N掺杂石墨烯模型表面上.采用CASTEP模块对构建的模型进行结构优化并模拟计算,分析了Fe/Co/Ni-N掺杂石墨烯的吸附能、脱附能和导电性变化规律.基于模拟计算,发现单金属原子掺杂石墨烯时,Fe掺杂石墨烯的ORR活性优于Co和Ni;单金属原子和氮共掺杂石墨烯时,Fe-N掺杂石墨烯的ORR活性高于Co-N和Ni-N掺杂石墨烯,且M-N₄-G形态的ORR活性优于M-N₁-G、M-N₂-G和M-N₃-G.     

阴离子化合物Y5Si3衬底增强石墨烯氧还原反应的第一性原理研究

本文采用阴离子化合物Y₅Si₃作为衬底,可以和石墨烯组成有效的氧还原催化剂. 反应热计算结果表明,阴离子材料可以促进氧还原反应中的决速步-氧气质子化的过程,从而增强石墨烯的氧还原能力. 电子结构计算表明体系较低的功函数(3.5 eV),良好的导电性以及从衬底到石墨烯的电荷转移都可以促进石墨烯的氧还原催化能力.     

基于微纳结构与金属纳米层的颜色调控技术研究

本文提出一种基于微纳结构及金属纳米层的颜色调控方法. 通过理论分析研究, 建立了基于多孔氧化铝(PA) 微纳结构与金属纳米层的颜色调控物理模型. 以此为基础, 在孔深分别为250 nm和410 nm的PA模板表面磁控溅射铝(Al)金属纳米层, 对其反射干涉光谱分析可知, 通过控制PA模板的孔深可实现可见光谱范围内的颜色调控. 此外, 基于掩膜在孔深为410 nm的PA模板表面局域溅射铬(Cr)金属纳米层, 通过对其反射干涉光谱分析并与相同孔深的镀Al金属纳米层的PA颜色进行对比, 可以发现改变金属纳米层的材料和厚度同样可以实现颜色调控, 并通过局域颜色调控制备出彩色图案. 研究结果表明, 基于微纳结构及金属纳米层的颜色调控是一种切实可行和有效的方法.     

基于金属有机框架材料制备Ag-CoSO4复合纳米材料及其在碱性电催化析氧反应的应用研究

本文以Co-BTC金属有机框架材料为前驱体,采用连续离子交换法和进一步的高温水热处理来合成片状Ag-CoSO₄复合纳米材料. 由于少量Ag的引入有利于增强导电性并加速电子转移过程,该催化剂在1 mol/L KOH电解质溶液中表现出优异的OER性能(在10 mA/cm²的电流密度下过电位仅为282 mV),其性能甚至比RuO₂更好. 催化剂中Ag的存在有利于促进Co(IV)的产生进而提高Co(IV)浓度,并且能够调控对氧物种的吸附能而促进OER过程^*OOH中间物质的形成,加速了析氧反应过程的进行. 极低含量Ag的使用(低于百分之一原子含量)使得催化剂的成本极大的降低.     

Pt(111)电极上O2与OHad的吸脱附及氧还原反应动力学 (cited: 1)

研究了Pt(111)电极在0.1 mol/L HClO₄溶液中O₂吸附与OH_ad脱附及氧还原反应的动力学．研究发现OH_ad的可逆吸脱附速率很快;在氧还原的动力学或动力学与传质混合控制区,恒电位下氧还原的电流随反应时间缓慢衰减,在转速较大,扫速较慢的情形下正向扫描过程中氧还原的电流总是明显低于逆向扫描的电流;Pt/0.1 mol/L HClO₄从无O₂切换到O_{2相似文献}   

使用金属掺杂SnO2(110)作为表面催化剂的电催化CO2还原反应：通过调控Sn:O原子比例来控制产物

电催化CO₂还原反应可以产生HCOOH和CO,目前该反应是将可再生电力转化为化学能存储在燃料中的最有前景的方法之一. SnO₂作为将CO₂转换为HCOOH和CO的良好催化剂,其反应发生的晶面可以是不同的. 其中(110)面的SnO₂非常稳定,易于合成. 通过改变SnO₂(110)的Sn:O原子比例,得到了两种典型的SnO₂薄膜：完全氧化型(符合化学计量)和部分还原型. 本文研究了不同金属(Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Os、Ir、Pt和Au)掺杂的SnO₂(110),发现在CO₂还原反应中这些材料的催化活性和选择性是不同的. 所有这些变化都可以通过调控(110)表面中Sn:O原子的比例来控制. 结果表明,化学计量型和部分还原型Cu/Ag掺杂的SnO₂(110)对CO₂还原反应具有不同的选择性. 具体而言,化学计量型的Cu/Ag掺杂的SnO₂(110)倾向于产生CO(g),而部分还原型的表面倾向于产生HCOOH(g). 此外,本文还考虑了CO₂还原的竞争析氢反应. 其中Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir和Pt掺杂的SnO₂(110)催化剂对析氢反应具有较高的活性,其他催化剂对CO₂还原反应具有良好的催化作用.     

Co9S8 Nanoparticles Incorporated in Hierarchically Porous 3D Few‐Layer Graphene‐Like Carbon with S,N‐Doping as Superior Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), using nonprecious metal catalysts, has attracted great attention due to the importance in renewable energy technologies, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. A simple and scalable synthetic route is demonstrated for the preparation of a novel 3D hybrid nanocatalyst consisting of Co₉S₈ nanoparticles which are incorporated in N,S‐doped carbon (N, S–C) with rational structure design. In particular, the hybrid catalyst is prepared by direct pyrolysis and calcination of a gel mixture of Mg,Co nitrate‐thiourea‐glycine under Ar atmosphere, with subsequent HCl washing. The properties of obtained hybrid catalyst are quite dependent on calcination temperature and added glycine amount. Under a molar ratio of Co5‐Mg15‐tu10‐gl45 and a calcination temperature of 900 °C, Co₉S₈ nanoparticles are embedded in a well‐developed carbon matrix which shows a porous 3D few‐layer graphene‐like N, S–C with open and hierarchical micro–meso–macro pore structure. Because of the synergistic effect between Co₉S₈ nanoparticles and well‐developed carbon support, the composite exhibits high ORR activity close to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. More importantly, the composite displays superior long‐term stability and good tolerance against methanol. The strategy developed here provides a novel and efficient approach to prepare a cost‐effective and highly active ORR electrocatalyst.     

可控合成Pd-Pt八面体框架结构作为高效的氧还原反应催化剂

Pt-based nanoframes represent a class of promising catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, we, for the first time, successfully prepared Pt-Pd octahedral nanoframes with ultrathin ridges less than 2 nm in thickness. The Pt-Pd octahedral nanoframes were obtained through site-selected deposition of Pt atoms onto the edge sites of Pd octahedral seeds, followed by selective removal of the Pd octahedral cores via chemical etching. Due to that a combination of three-dimensional opens geometrical structure and Pt-skin surface compositional structure, the Pt-Pd octahedral nanoframes/C catalyst shows a mass activity of 1.15 A/mg_Pt towards oxygen reduction reaction, 5.8 times enhancement in mass activity relative to commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.20 A/mg_Pt). Moreover, even after 8000 cycles of accelerated durability test, the Pt-Pd octahedral nanoframes/C catalyst still exhibits a mass activity which is more than three times higher than that of pristine Pt/C catalyst.     

Methanol Tolerant Non-noble Metal Co-C-N Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Using Urea as Nitrogen Source

机械研磨尿素、氯化钴、乙炔黑混合物并经800 oC热处理后,制备出了非贵金属Co-C-N(800)催化剂. X射线衍射测试表明催化剂中有单质β-Co生成. 用循环伏安法表征了催化剂的电化学特性,结果表明Co-C-N(800)具有良好的催化活性和耐甲醇性能. 45 h浸泡实验表明,催化剂在酸性电解液中具有较好的稳定性.     

Highly Strong Interaction between Fe/Fe3C Nanoparticles and N-Doped Carbon toward Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance

Transition metal compounds anchored on N-doped carbon (NC) show intrinsic activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the interaction between the transition metal compounds and NC still needs to be strengthened for electron transfer at the compounds/carbon interface. Herein, Fe/Fe₃C hybrid nanoparticles encapsulated into N-doped carbon (Fe@NC) are used as high-performance ORR catalysts. Benefiting from the strong interaction at Fe/Fe₃C nanoparticles/NC interface, the electrons can transfer from Fe/Fe₃C hybrid nanoparticles to NC, redistributing the electron density of active sites and promoting the ORR process. The as-synthesized Fe@NC exhibits outstanding ORR catalytic activity with an onset potential of 1.01 V and a half-wave potential of 0.92 V in alkaline media. It also shows prominent cycling stability and tolerance to methanol crossover, superior to Pt/C catalyst. The theoretical analysis reveals that the Fe nanoparticles have regulated the electron distributions at the heterojunction interface. The Gibbs free energy diagrams for ORR illustrate that the rate-determining step is the conversion of OH* to OH⁻. In situ Raman spectra give evidence of O-containing intermediates to prove the ORR process.     

Octahedral to Cuboctahedral Shape Transition in 6 nm Pt3Ni Nanocrystals for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis

Pt₃Ni stands as one of the most active electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The activity varies with the morphology of the nanocrystals with a high activity observed for the octahedral shape where only the high density {111} crystallographic planes are exposed. Herein, the synthesis of 6 nm Pt₃Ni octahedral nanocrystals with a Pt enriched shell or cuboctahedral nanocrystals with a Ni enriched shell is described. Interestingly, the cuboctahedral nanocrystals display a six-pointed star/skeleton of platinum, which features a very uncommon atomic distribution. In the synthesis, a decrease in the oxygen partial pressure induces the transition from octahedral to cuboctahedral morphology. The octahedral and cuboctahedral nanocrystals both demonstrate high ORR activity (1.1 mA cm⁻²_Pt and 1.2 A mg⁻¹_Pt at 0.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) are the highest values obtained for PtNi-20 and PtNi-15, respectively). After exposure to oxidative conditions in the acidic electrolyte, the cuboctahedral nanoparticles with a pristine Ni-rich skin show a Pt skin and retain their cuboctahedral morphology.     

铜纳米阵列高效电解水产氧催化剂的制备

本文报道了一种利用简单的两步牺牲模板法,在泡沫铜基底表面完成了三维氧化铜纳米晶阵列的生长. 氧化铜纳米晶阵列具有良好的导电性,稳定性,在碱性溶液中有着优秀的电解水产氧催化性能. 氧化铜纳米晶阵列催化水的电化学氧化只需400 mV的过电势即可达到100 mA/cm²的电流密度,与其它铜基电解水产氧催化剂以及贵金属IrO₂相比都有着明显的优势. 氧化铜纳米晶阵列在270 mA/cm²左右的工作电流下连续工作10 h依然可以保持良好的稳定性,是相同的工作电压下IrO₂工作电流的10倍(约25 mA/cm²).     

Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon with Mesopore Confinement Efficiently Enhances the Tolerance,Sensitivity, and Stability of a Pt Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) present some of the most challenging vulnerability issues reducing ORR performance and shortening their practical lifetime. Fuel crossover resistance, selective activity, and catalytic stability of ORR catalysts are still to be addressed. Here, a facile and in situ template‐free synthesis of Pt‐containing mesoporous nitrogen‐doped carbon composites (Pt‐m‐N‐C) is designed and specifically developed to overcome its drawback as an electrocatalyst for ORR, while its high activity is sustained. The as‐prepared Pt‐m‐N‐C catalyst exhibits high electrocatalytic activity, dominant four‐electron oxygen reduction pathway, superior stability, fuel crossover resistance, and selective activity to a commercial Pt/C catalyst in 0.1 m KOH aqueous solution. Such excellent performance benefits from in situ covalent incorporation of Pt nanoparticles with optimal size into N‐doped carbon support, dense active catalytic sites on surface, excellent electrical contacts between the catalytic sites and the electron‐conducting host, and a favorable mesoporous structure for the stabilization of the Pt nanoparticles by pore confinement and diffusion of oxygen molecules.