建设跨专业及跨学科领域搞科研和科技制作实验室的实践探索

介绍了创新制作实验室的建设过程和运作模式,分析并讨论了在大学生科研和科技制作活动中,不同的管理和指导方法对活动效果的影响。     

电子出版物在物理教学中的应用及制作方法

讨论了电子出版物的特点,分析其在物理教学中应用的制作流程     

用缩醛树脂制作光学抛光片

本文讨论了缩醛树脂一般性质和特性，及其在制作光学抛光片中的应用。     

重铬酸铵明胶微透镜阵列的研究

根据重铬酸铵明胶在受光照后发生交联的原理，采用重铬酸铵明胶作材料制作了微透镜阵列。讨论了制作微透镜阵列的最佳技术条件。提出了已制成的微透镜阵列的一些技术参数。     

彩色全息广告灯箱的研制

提出了一种透射型彩色全息图的拍摄与再现方法 ,并将其用于设计制作彩色全息广告灯箱。讨论了制作彩色全息广告灯箱中的若干问题和解决方法。用此种方法所显示的图像突出了物体的三维立体感和原有色彩 ,它将为高质量彩色立体广告灯箱的制作提供一种新的方法和途径     

100mA电流表的设计

讨论了电流表的设计,从而加深了学生对电流表制作过程的理解,拓展了他们的知识面,激发了他们学习新知识的积极性。     

基于FPGA并行处理的实时图像相关速度计

研究制作了一种采用高速线阵CCD的实时相关速度计,其测量数据的输出速率可达每秒一万次。针对以往光学相关测速方法的问题进行了讨论,探讨了适合FPGA并行处理的算法,制作了高速线阵CCD摄像机及其处理装置。通过实验验证了系统的可行性和可实现性。     

一种用单模光纤制作亚微米周期光栅的方法

本文报道一种用单模光纤制作亚微米周期光栅的全息方法,并详细分析和讨论了影响光栅质量的各种因素。实践证明这一方法完全适于制作面积不小于10×10mm~2适于集成光学元件需要的高质量光栅。     

单壁碳纳米管-聚合物复合材料的拉曼光谱表征(英文)

本文在粗糙金属表面上制作了单壁碳纳米管—聚乙烯醇复合材料,并利用表面增强拉曼散射讨论了碳纳米管与聚乙烯醇之间的相互作用     

扫描激光探针检测声脉压线声场

本文讨论了晶体表面存在金属线条时的声光相互作用理论,改进了原来的激光探针测量系统,新的系统能够对弱表面波声场进行成像,实验上,还对制作在YZ-LiNbO_3晶体上的声表面波脉压线声场进行了测试,并对结果进行分析和讨论。     

2D-Mueller-matrix tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks of biological tissues histological sections

A new technique of Mueller-matrix mapping of the birefringent structure of biological preparations of human organs tissues is suggested. The algorithms of reconstruction of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of the phase (birefringence) and amplitude (dichroism) of optically anisotropic structure of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall histological section are proposed. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order that characterize the distribution of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of birefringence and dichroism of the myocardium and connective tissue of the vaginal tissues histological sections were determined. Joint studies of distributions of the characteristics of phase and amplitude of the anisotropy of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall tissues of different states were performed. The cases of various necrotic changes in the myocardium and pathological conditions of the vagina wall (prolapse of the genitals) are examined. Balanced accuracy of the method of Mueller-matrix polarization-phase and diffuse tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks in the differentiation of necrotic and pathological changes in human organs is determined.     

线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束的远场发散特性

利用稳相法和矢量结构理论, 导出了线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束的矢量结构项TE项和TM项在远场的解析表达式. 进而利用TE项和TM项的远场能流分布, 给出了TE项和TM项的功率占总功率比例的度量式,同时还给出了线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束、TE项和TM项三者远场发散角的解析式以及三者远场发散角间的关系式. 所得到的公式不仅适用于傍轴情形,而且还适用于非傍轴情形. 通过数值计算, 分析了TE项和TM项在远场的功率占总功率的比例与参数f和模数间的依赖关系;还分析了拉盖尔-高斯光束、TE项和TM项的远场发散角随参数f、模数和线偏振角的变化关系.这一研究从矢量结构本性揭示了线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束的远场发散特性, 丰富了对其传输特性的认识.     

Low-frequency magnetoelectric effect in a Galfenol-PZT planar composite structure

The forward and inverse magnetoelectric (ME) effects are experimentally studied in a two-layer planar structure containing mechanically coupled Galfenol and PZT plates. The process of production of polycrystalline Galfenol plates and their magnetic and magnetostriction characteristics are described. For the forward ME conversion, the dependences of the amplitude of the voltage generated by the structure on the magnitude and orientation of a dc magnetic field and the frequency and amplitude of a modulating magnetic field are measured. For the inverse ME conversion, the dependences of the amplitude of the change in the magnetic induction of the structure on the dc magnetic field and the frequency of an ac electric field applied to the structure are measured. The efficiencies of the forward and inverse ME conversion are estimated for the case of low-frequency field modulation and under conditions of the resonance excitation of bending and longitudinal mechanical vibrations in the structure.     

激光二极管阵列端面抽运复合棒状激光器热效应的有限元法分析

建立了激光二极管阵列(LDA)端面抽运棒状激光介质的数值模型.考虑到介质与空气的对流换热和介质的热力学参数随温度的变化,根据经典热传导方程和热弹性方程,运用有限元法得出了复合棒状介质和未复合棒状介质内瞬态温度、热应力和应变的时空分布,分析了温度、热应力和应变随抽运功率、换热系数和时间的变化规律.结果表明,复合棒的最高温度、最大张应力和最大轴向应变的位置与未复合棒不同,并且数值分别为未复合棒的73%,60%和33%.由此可知,利用复合棒可极大地减小热效应的影响.理论分析结果可为LDA抽运固体激光器的结构优化设计和实验研究提供理论参考.     

不同比例有机无机肥配施土壤腐殖质组分的光谱学特征

以16年长期定位试验为基础,探讨不同比例有机无机肥配施对土壤腐殖质特征的影响.通过分离纯化腐殖质中的胡敏酸(H A)和富里酸(FA)组分,并利用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振研究分析了F1(70％ 化肥+30％ 有机肥)、F2(50％ 有机肥+50％ 化肥)和F3(100％ 有机肥)三种施肥方式下的HA和FA含量及结构变...     

Surface chemistry of nanodiamonds

The experimental data available in the literature and the results obtained by the author in research into the structure of nanodiamonds and the physicochemical and chemical properties of their surface are generalized. An account is given of the problems concerning the chemical state and modification of the nanodiamond surface in gaseous and liquid media and the infiuence of modification on the sorption and catalytic properties of nanodiamonds, their compactibility, and sintering. The similarity and difference in the behavior of nanodiamonds and diamond macrocrystals in oxidation processes are discussed. The activation energies of oxidation of nanodiamonds by different reagents are determined in the absence and presence of catalysts.     

Spectroscopic and nano-molecular modeling investigation on the binary and ternary bindings of colchicine and lomefloxacin to Human serum albumin with the viewpoint of multi-drug therapy

Combination of several drugs is often necessary especially during long-term therapy. The competitive binding drugs can cause a decrease in the amount of drug bound to protein and increase the biological active fraction of the drug. The aim of this study is to analyze the interactions of Lomefloxacin (LMF) and Colchicine (COL) with human serum albumin (HSA) and to evaluate the mechanism of simultaneous binding of LMF and COL to protein. Fluorescence analysis was used to estimate the effect of drugs on the protein fluorescence and to define the binding and quenching properties of drugs-HSA complexes. The binding sites for LMF and COL were identified in tertiary structure of HSA with the use of spectrofluorescence analysis. The analysis of fluorescence quenching of HSA in the binary and ternary systems show that LMF does not affect the complex formed between COL and HSA. On the contrary, COL decreases the interaction between LMF and HSA. The results of synchronous fluorescence, resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectra of binary and ternary systems show that binding of LMF and COL to HSA can induce micro-environmental and conformational changes in HSA. The simultaneous presence of LMF and COL in binding to HSA should be taken into account in the multi-drug therapy, and necessity of using a monitoring therapy owning to the possible increase of the uncontrolled toxic effects. Molecular modeling of the possible binding sites of LMF and COL in binary and ternary systems to HSA confirms the spectroscopic results.     

洱海上覆水DOM荧光特征及对富营养化的指示意义

湖泊溶解性有机物（DOM）组成特征对水质具有重要的影响,研究上覆水DOM组成特征对指示湖泊富营养化现状具有重要意义。采用荧光光谱区域体积积分分析法（FRI）定量分析洱海上覆水DOM组分时空变化,以及DOM组分与水质因子间的关系,对比分析不同来源入湖水体、不同富营养化程度高原湖泊上覆水DOM组分荧光特征。结果表明,洱海上覆水体DOM主要以类腐殖酸为主,其次为类富里酸,洱海DOM总量及类腐殖酸组分中部较高,色氨酸和络氨酸等类蛋白质DOM南部较高,类富里酸DOM北部较高。藻华易发期（10月）类蛋白质和类富里酸DOM较低,类腐殖酸DOM显著增加,DOM生物源降低,DOM生物活性降低。洱海沉积物内源释放和入湖河流主要影响上覆水中类腐殖酸DOM,湿沉降主要增加类蛋白质DOM。在湖泊贫营养阶段类富里酸DOM对水质影响较大,在富营养阶段类腐殖酸DOM对水质影响较大。随着湖泊富营养化程度的加剧,上覆水类蛋白质和类富里酸DOM所占比例呈下降趋势,微生物降解产物和类腐殖酸DOM所占比例呈增加趋势。DOM荧光组分占比变化对湖泊富营养化具有指示作用。     

Large scale investigation of chemical composition, structure and corrosion mechanism of bronze archeological artefacts from Mediterranean basin

A large number of Cu-based archaeological artefacts from the Mediterranean basin have been selected for investigation of their chemical composition, metallurgical features and corrosion products (i.e. the patina).The guidelines for the selection of the Cu-based artefacts have taken into account the representativeness of the Mediterranean archaeological context, the manufacturing technique, the degradation state and the expected chemical composition and structure of the objects.The results show wide variation of the chemical composition of the alloys that include all kinds of ancient Cu-based alloys such as low and high tin, and also leaded bronzes, copper and copper-iron alloys.The examination of the alloy matrix shows largely different metallurgical features thus indicating the use of different manufacturing techniques for producing the artefacts. The results of the micro-chemical investigation of the patina show the structures and the chemical composition of the stratified corrosion layers where copper or tin depletion phenomenon are commonly observed with a remarkably surface enrichment of some soil elements such as P, S, Ca, Si, Fe, Al and Cl. This information indicates the strict interaction between soil components and corrosion reactions and products. In particular, the ubiquitous and near constant presence of chlorine in the corrosion layers is observed in the patina of the archaeological Cu-based artefacts found in different contexts in Italy, Turkey, Jordan, Egypt, Spain and Tunisia. This latter occurrence is considered dangerous because it could induce a cyclic corrosion reaction of copper that could disfigure the artefact.The micro-chemical and micro-structural results also show that another source of degradation of the bronze archaeological artefacts, are their intrinsic metallurgical features whose formation is induced during the manufacturing of the objects, carried out in ancient times by repeated cycles of cold or hot mechanical work and thermal treatments. These combined treatments induce crystallisation and segregation phenomena of the impurities along the grain boundaries and could cause mechanical weakness and increase the extent of the inter-granular corrosion phenomena. PACS 68.55.Jk; 68.35.Dv; 68.37.Hk; 68.55.Nq; 81.05.Bx     

偏振分辨激光诱导击穿光谱的铝铁合金信背比改善效果研究

偏振分辨激光诱导击穿光谱(PRLIBS)以其低成本压制背景的特点在LIBS降低检测限上有着重要意义,但是理论上的争议和信背比改善效果不稳定限制了其应用前景。为深入分析等离子体产生偏振特性的原理和PRLIBS信背比的改善效果,采用1 064 nm纳秒脉冲激光器和光纤光谱仪对铝铁合金样品进行了偏振分辨LIBS的信背比改善效果及偏振原理的探索性实验。通过对辐射能量的估算,大胆地推测轫致辐射在背景辐射中的占比是由大变小的,并据此解释了背景辐射强度在时间上的变化。通过改变能量密度、检偏角度、探测角、延时时间、积分时间等因素,采集光谱强度和波长数据、计算偏振度和信背比,观察到铝铁合金的等离子体光谱中背景谱和分立谱均有偏振且存在偏振度和偏振方向的差异,发现偏振LIBS改善信背比的效果与实验参数包括能量密度、延时时间、检偏角度以及波长有关。PRLIBS信背比关于能量密度的变化与一般LIBS类似,在能量较大时会趋于饱和。检偏角度会影响信背比大小,与光谱的偏振方向和偏振度有关,推导了信背比改善效果关于偏振度、检偏角度、偏振方向夹角的公式。在波长上连续谱偏振度趋势较为稳定而分立谱偏振度随光谱强度增大而减小。随延时时间增加,偏振度变化不明显,原因是相比于积分时间延时的改变量很小,而信背比的变化趋势与无偏振LIBS一致。总结了国内外对PRLIBS机理具有代表性的解释并进行了讨论,排除了激光光场、菲涅尔反射、各向异性电子速度分布等因素对等离子体偏振特性的决定性作用。研究结论是在ns-LIBS实验中,复合辐射在可见光和紫外光范围内占背景辐射的大部分,其偏振特性主要源于等离子体复合阶段产生的各向异性复合过程,原子谱偏振特性可能源于该过程中受激原子的磁性支能级间数量的不平衡,而背景谱与原子谱的偏振度及偏振方向的差异主要取决于偏振特性产生机理的不同。研究发现, PRLIBS并不总能提升元素的信背比,尤其对弱光谱信号改善效果有限,要获得较好的压制背景的效果,可以对PRLIBS的能量密度、检偏角度、延时与积分时间等条件加以控制,在能量密度20 J·cm-2积分时间30μs检偏角度20°下FeⅠ407.12 nm处的信背比由4.86提升至12.97。偏振度与探测角相关性较小,原因可能是导体的菲涅尔反射效应很弱。研究结果对PRLIBS的原理研究和应用提供了有效的理论基础。