MEDV-13预测多氯二苯并噻吩化合物的气相色谱保留指数

氯代多环芳烃化合物,如多氯代二苯并二噁英(PCDD)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF)、多氯联苯(PCB)等,这些化合物通常以有害或危险的化合物形式存在于不同的环境中~([1]),由于其脂溶性、抗代谢性或难降解性,平面氯代多环芳烃化合物具有在食物链中积聚并引起毒性的作用.     

二(噁)英提取方法的比较

二(噁)英是一类氯化多核芳香化合物的总称,可以分为多氯代二苯并二(噁)英(polychlorinated dibenzo -P-dioxins,简称PCDDs)和多氯代二苯并呋喃(polychlorinated dibenzofurans,简称PCDFs),根据取代氯原子的不同位置,共有75种PCDDs和135种PCDFs,由于其2,3,7,8四个取代位置均有氯原子的PCDDs和PCDFs具有致畸变、致突变和潜在致癌作用,已经引起了世界各国环境科学家甚至于公众的关注.     

高分辨气相色谱-质谱法同时测定食用油中二噁英和呋喃的多氯(溴)代二苯并衍生物的含量

提出了用高分辨气相色谱-质谱法同时测定食用油中17种多氯取代以及8种多溴取代的苯并二噁英和苯并呋喃含量的方法。食用油样品依次经过酸性硅胶床、多段硅胶柱及Florisil柱净化。净化中分别用正己烷、正己烷-二氯甲烷(97+3)混合液、正己烷-二氯甲烷(40+60)和单一的二氯甲烷作为淋洗剂,洗脱上述化合物,GC-MS测定。各化合物的检出限(3S/N)在0.022 3~1.67μg·L-1之间。用标准加入法测得多氯代化合物的回收率在97.8%~118%之间,多溴代化合物的回收率在96.5%~113%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为4.9%~6.7%和6.6%~17%之间。     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对-二噁英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)及其同型物的晶体结构和电子结构研究

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二噁英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)是一种毒性很强(对豚鼠口服半致死剂量LD_(50)=0.6～2μg/kg)、危害很广泛的环境污染剂.能引起以“氯座疮”(一种类似于青春期粉刺的皮肤病)为主要特征的一系列难以治愈的疾病,是一种能致死、致癌和致畸变的细胞毒.显然,研究其电子结构对弄清其毒理作用机制是很有帮助的. 为便于比较,我们合成了化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,测定了它们的晶体结构,并应用INDO法对它们的电子结构进行了计算,结合对它们的毒性测定结果,讨论了这类化合物的电子结构与生物活性之间可能存在的关系。     

钯催化条件下形成碳硫键合成多氯代二苯硫醚

以四三苯基膦钯为催化剂,碳酸铯为碱,氯代碘苯和氯代苯硫酚在甲苯中加热到112℃回流16 h,发生偶联反应形成C—S—C硫醚键,合成了23个多氯代二苯硫醚系列化合物,产物均经IR,1H NMR表征,并测定熔点.反应操作简单,收率良好,条件温和,是一种较好的合成多氯代二苯硫醚化合物的新方法.     

多氟代、多氯代和多溴代二苯并对二噁英化合物的一些性质的比较研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法, 在B3LYP/6-311G**和B3LYP/6-31G*两种水平上, 对76种多氟代二苯并对二噁英系列化合物(PFDDs)进行了几何构型的全优化, 并计算了各分子在298.15 K, 1.013×10⁵ Pa的标准状态下的热力学参数. 基组从6-31G*增大到6-311G**没有显著改变标准生成热(Δ_fH^?)、标准生成自由能(Δ_fG^?)和标准熵(S^?)数值. 根据B3LYP/6-311G**水平计算得到的Δ_fG^?的相对大小, 求得PFDDs同数目取代氟原子的各异构体的相对稳定性的顺序. 采用基团贡献法计算了多溴代二苯并对二噁英(PBDDs)、多氯代二苯并对二噁英(PCDDs)和PFDDs的辛醇-水分配系数(lg K_ow). 并将PFDDs的Δ_fH^?, Δ_fG^?, S^?和lg K_ow的计算结果与PBDDs和PCDDs的相关数值进行了比较. 同时, 计算了PFDDs各组异构体化合物的生成反应相对速率常数, 采用统计热力学程序计算了这些化合物在200至1800 K的恒压摩尔热容(C_p,m), 并用最小二乘法求得C_p,m与温度之间的相关方程, 发现C_p,m与T, T^－1和T^－2之间有着很好的相关性.     

基于估计均方差的统计量Sp的修正变量选择法用于持久性有机污染物毒性研究

提出并详细说明基于估计均方差的统计量Sp的修正变量选择(MVSSp)方法. 采用分子电性距离矢量(MEDV)及其二次项表征多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs), 多氯二苯并二噁英(PCDDs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)三种持久性有机污染物异构体分子结构, 结合MVSSp方法选择适当的描述子, 建立了三种持久性有机污染物分别对芳烃受体(AhR)亲合性, 芳香羟化酶(AHH), 7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)诱导作用的定量结构活性相关(QSAR)模型, 模型的质量优于文献或相当, 讨论了这些实验毒性与分子结构关系. 这对研究和预测这些持久性污染物的毒性具有一定的指导意义.     

1,6-二氯二苯并-对-二噁英的合成与表征

二噁英是一类毒性极大的特殊脂溶性有机化合物,严重污染环境和危害人类健康.1,6-二氯二苯并-对-二噁英是一种二噁英的前驱体,常作为杂质存在于某些农药产品中,在农药使用前需检测其含量.为此,采用磺酰氯氯化邻苯二酚得到中间产物4-氯邻苯二酚,再将中间产物与2,6-二氯硝基苯反应得到1,6-二氯二苯并-对-二噁英.利用高效液...     

广义相关指数用于持久性环境污染物的定量结构-色谱保留关系研究

基于分子拓扑图形特征和顶点连接方式,通过定义广义相关函数、性质相关参数以及距离关系函数等概念,将“面向用户”实际应用的观点及对目标问题“自适应性”的思想引入到分子结构表征当中,从而得到一种新型分子拓扑性质表征方法:广义相关指数(GC I)。使用该指数对115个多氯代二苯并呋喃、41个多氯代二苯并-p-二、62个多氯代萘和210个多氯联苯在DB-5气相色谱柱上的保留行为进行了定量结构-色谱保留关系研究,所得模型复相关系数Rcum以及交叉检验复相关系数Qcum均在0.98以上。结果表明GC I指数具有较强分子结构表达能力及对化合物各类性质的优良适应性。     

加速溶剂萃取-流体控制系统净化-高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱定量测定底泥中的二噁英

采用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)定量测定了底泥中的17种2,3,7,8位多氯代二噁英和呋喃(PCDD/Fs) ,并测定了四至八氯取代的二噁英和呋喃总量。样品经加速溶剂萃取,然后通过流体控制系统（FMS）自动过硅胶柱、氧化 铝柱和碳柱净化,最后浓缩。以HRGC/HRMS电压选择离子检测模式对样品中的PCDD/Fs进行了定性分析,采用同位素稀释 技术定量,该方法可精确定量到pg/g水平。结果表明该方法分析的17种二噁英和呋喃异构体的检出限可达0.1 pg/g。同 位素标准的回收率为49.8%～85.3%,样品中各异构体的回收率为93.2%～115.6%。该方法不但满足国际标准的要求,还大 大提高了分析速度,使分析周期从原来的2周缩短到2 d以内。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。