基于QSAR模型预测有机化合物的生物富集因子

生物富集因子(BCF)是REACH法规要求的生物积累危害评价指标的关键参数，用实验的方法测定BCF值人力物力花费较大，而用计算的方法预测BCF值可以有效地替代昂贵的实验过程。该研究使用E-Dragon计算了数据集中每个分子的1 666种描述符，并用筛选后的描述符与lgBCF建立了QSAR模型：采用随机森林与支持向量机建立的分类预报模型，随机森林分类模型的准确率为0.89、敏感度为0.89;用基于准确率递减和基尼系数方法的随机森林分类模型筛选出对lgBCF值有重要影响的30个描述符，这些描述符包括ALOGPS＿lgP、MATS6v、TPSA.NO.、GATS7v等；ALOGPS＿lgP和ALOGPS＿lgS是用支持向量机分类模型筛选出的对lgBCF值有重要影响的描述符。     

有机化合物的疏水参数与拓扑指数相关性的研究

本文计算了50个芳烃类化合物的A~m指数与分子联接性指数, 并将其用于芳烃类化合物的结构与疏水参数lgP的相关性研究, 结果表明, 经改进的A~m指数能更好地反映这类化合物的结构特性。     

药物水溶解度的QSAR研究和VolSurf参数

药物的水溶解度与其吸收密切相关。本文利用一种新的计算方法,VolSurf,预测药物的水溶解度并测定有利于药物水溶解度的主要分子特征。被测化合物包括26个结构不同的药物,通过偏最小二乘分析法,对药物水溶解度实验值与分子特征进行相关,得到较好的模型(r2=0.90,q2=0.77)。将化合物分为训练集和预测集进行相关分析,结果表明以18个化合物所建立的训练集模型对其余8个化合物有较好的预测能力,预测的标准偏差(SDEP)为0.59。参数分析表明分子与水相互作用的3个局部能量最小值越小,且它们之间的距离越大,对其水溶解度越有利;亲水性占主导因素的分子有高的水溶解度;分子的疏水性越强,在水中的溶解性越弱;大分子的溶解度较小分子溶解度低。     

抗癌性吲哚喹唑啉衍生物的定量构效关系

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)、分子力学(MM＋)及回归分析方法,对一系列抗癌性吲哚喹唑啉衍生物进行了定量构效关系(QSAR)的研究.通过回归分析,筛选了影响抗癌活性的主要因素,建立了定量构效关系方程.结果表明,化合物的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)与最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)之间的能量差(ΔεL-H)、分子的疏水性(lgP)以及环D上的总电荷(ΣQD)和环D上R1取代基的第一个原子的净电荷(QFR1)是影响化合物抗癌活性的主要因素.所得模型对化合物抗癌活性有较好的预测效果. 同时, 与ΔεL-H密切相关的LUMO轨道能量及共轭平面面积对药物的DNA-结合及其活性起着十分重要的作用,可通过选取具有较强的拉电子性质同时又能与本系列化合物的骨架形成更大共轭体系的取代基R1,设计抗癌活性较高的化合物.     

从药物的三维分子结构预测人体小肠吸收

在口服药物的发展过程中，人体小肠吸收的预测是候选药物设计、优化和选择的一个主要目标.VolSurf/GRID计算方法作为一个新的工具被用来预测被测化合物的人体小肠吸收，以及测定人体小肠吸收所必需的重要的分子特征.被测化合物包括112个结构不同的类似药物的化合物.使用偏最小二乘判别分析方法在实验数据和人体小肠吸收的理论分子特征之间建立相关性.建立的两个模型之间具有较高的一致性.小肠吸收实验数据与分子特征之间好的相关性（r2=0.82, q2=0.67）表明,从化合物的三维分子结构能够预测人体小肠吸收.有利于人体小肠吸收的药物分子特征包括,分子量中心与亲水区重心的不平衡性，较大的疏水区域以及分子内较少的氢键给体.     

高效液相色谱法测定卷烟滤嘴对主流烟气中低分子醛酮化合物的截留效率

用高效液相色谱法测定了用过的烟嘴中8种低分子醛酮化合物,据此对烟嘴从主流烟气中截留8种化合物的效率。烟嘴样品用衍生试剂溶液与甲醇(10+90)混合液30 mL萃取10min,分取适量萃取液供高效液相色谱分析。以DIONEX Explosives色谱柱为分离柱,用乙腈和水以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在检测波长365nm处进行测定。8种低分子醛酮化合物在一定质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.07~0.15mg·L-1之间。加标回收率在85.1%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)小于6.8%。     

二茂铁亚胺及其环汞化合物的薄层色谱及紫外—可见,红外光…

通过测定Ｒｆ值对比研究了二茂铁亚胺及其环汞化合物的色谱亲和性，发现环汞化合物比未汞化的二茂铁亚胺具有较高Ｒｆ值，并用Ｎ→Ｈｇ分子内配位作用给予解释，分析取代基效应表明，亚胺氮上电子密度越高，Ｒｆ值越小，紫外可见光谱表明，环汞化合物人子中存在有Ｎ→Ｈｇ分子内配位作用，研究了Ｎ－Ａｒ环和亚胺碳上的取代基效应对紫外光谱的影响，与Ｎ－Ａｒ环上无取代基时相比，π→πＣＴ跃进带的最大吸收波长移动值△λｍａｘ和     

硝基芳烃对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的抑制及构效关系研究

在离体实验条件下，测定了１４种硝基芳烃化合物对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的半抑制浓度ＥＣ５０值，根据－ｌｇＥＣ５０值，以一阶价分子连接性指数＾１Ｘ＾ｖ、取代基数总和Σσ＾－、指示变量Ｉ、分子分支指数＾１Ｋα、分子最低空轨道能ＥＬＵＭＯ及辛醇－水分配系数ｌｇＰ为参数，进行定量结构活性相关性研究。     

一类新型荧光化学敏感器形成激基缔合物的温度效应

对一类具有分子识别功能的荧光分子敏感器化合物，在水溶液中形成的分子内激基缔合物的温度效应进行了研究。进而提出该类化合物在水溶液中进行了内单体和分子内激基缔合物转化的机制。通过分析所得的热力学数据，同文献值相比较，推导出该类化合物在水溶液中可能存在的几何构型，为该类化合物在作为探针应用时提供理论依据。     

三氯异氰脲酸-水杨酸光度法测定植物样品中氨氮

提出了三氯异氰脲酸-水杨酸光度法测定植物样品中氨氮含量的方法。在碱性条件下,三氯异氰脲酸、水杨酸与氨氮发生灵敏的显色反应,生成蓝色化合物,该化合物的最大吸收峰位于660 nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光率为9.78×10~4L·mol·cm~(-1),氨氮质量浓度在6.0mg·L~(-1)以内符合比耳定律,该方法用于植物样品中氨氮含量的测定,结果与元素分析法测定值相符。     

Frontal analysis of aqueous phenol solutions in amberlite XAD-4 columns Implications on the operation and design of solid phase extraction systems

Frontal analysis of aqueous phenol solutions in Amberlite XAD-4 columns was carried out at different experimental conditions. Operating variables such as the concentration, pH and ionic strength of the influent, the presence of competitor solutes, the fluid flow-rate and the column length were considered and their effects on the front profile, the phenol breakthrough volume and the equilibrium parameters were determined. The obtained results may explain some contradictory reported data concerning the recovery of hydrophilic compounds in solid phase extraction (SPE) systems using Amberlite XAD-2 or XAD-4 columns. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the adsorption parameters derived from a frontal analysis in an XAD-4 column are directly transposable to columns of different sizes (at the analytical level). Therefore, the results of this study may also be used for prediction and/or design of a phenol SPE system adapted to a particular problem.     

Structure–electrochemical properties correlations of some phenol derivatives investigated by electrochemical techniques

A series of 25 phenol derivative compounds having potential antioxidant capacity were studied by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry, in order to estimate the electrochemical parameters of the redox process occurring at the graphite electrode. A correlation between the structure of phenol derivatives, the peak potential, the HOMO–LUMO gap and their antioxidant activity lead to a qualitative classification of the studied compounds as a function of the increase of their antioxidant capacity.     

A spectroscopic study of hydrogen bond formation by silatranes and their analogues

The IR absorption shifts of OH and OD stretching vibrations upon interaction of silatranes XSi(OCH(CH₃)CH₂)₃N and their monocyclic analogues of the type R₂(OCHR′CH₂)₂NR$?with phenol and deuteromethanol, respectively, were measured. In the systems involving silatranes these values are higher than in systems with the corresponding ethoxysilanes. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of the compounds studied with phenol in n-heptane were measured by electronic spectroscopy. The interaction of phenol with the compounds studied shows two lines correlating with the thermodynamic parameters ΔH - f(ΔS). One of the lines is plotted by alkoxysilanes, cyclic and acyclic ethers. The second line corresponds to the compounds having a O-C-C-N group. This enables a conclusion to be drawn that in a non-polar medium the basic centre of silatranes and their monocyclic analogues is different from the oxygen in ethers and alkoxysilanes.     

氮杂冠醚聚硅氧烷固定液的色谱保留机理

氨杂冠醚聚硅氧烷是一类呈中等极性的新颖气相色谱固定液．本文通过测定醇、酯、卤代烃和苯系列化合物的色谱保留值和相应势力学参数，研究它对上述不同化合物的保留机理及其分子识别的热力学性质     

Investigation of the mass transfer processes during the desalination of water containing phenol and sodium chloride by electrodialysis

Oxidation processes are used in wastewater treatment when conventional processes are not effective due to the presence of recalcitrant organic contaminants, like phenol. However, the presence of ionic compounds associated with organic pollutants may retard the oxidation. In this work the transport of species contained in an aqueous solution of phenol containing sodium chloride was evaluated in an electrodialysis (ED) system. An experimental study was carried out in which the influence of the process variables on the phenol loss and sodium chloride removal was investigated. Experiments were also performed without current, in order to determine the phenol transfer due to diffusion. The phenol and salt concentration variations in the ED compartments were measured over time, using dedicated procedures and an experimental design to determine the global characteristic parameters. A phenomenological approach was used to relate the phenol, salt and water fluxes with the driving forces (concentration and electric potential gradients). Under ED conditions, two contributions were pointed out for the phenol transport, i.e. diffusion and convection, this latter coming from the water flux due to electroosmosis related to the migration of salts. The fitting of the parameters of the transport equations resulted in good agreement with the experimental results over the range of conditions investigated.     

Study of the behaviour of various phenolic compounds in the 4-aminoantipyrine and ultraviolet-ratio spectrophotometric methods without and with distillation

It is customary in industrial analysis in the determination of phenols by the 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and ultraviolet-ratio spectrophotometric methods to report the total of phenolic compounds as phenol. A study was therefore made of the behaviour of 36 representative phenolic compounds in the 4-AAP and UV-ratio methods, with and without distillation, to ascertain the apparent recoveries relative to that for phenol. The Fisher phenol analyser was used for the UV-ratio method, which depends upon the bathochromic shift (from about 270 to about 290 nm) usually obtained when the solution of the phenol is made alkaline. The apparent recoveries by the 4-AAP method both with and without distillation varied from 0 to 100%. The apparent recoveries by the UV-ratio method without distillation varied from 0 to 148%, and those with distillation varied from 0 to 110%. Sixteen of the compounds tested without distillation gave less than 10% recovery by the 4-AAP method and eleven gave less than 10% recovery by the UV-ratio method. The results after distillation indicated that several of the compounds did not distil completely.     

Inhibiting effect of phenolic compounds in initiated oxidation of tridecane

Initiated oxidation of tridecane in chlorobenzene solution with molecular oxygen in the presence of a series of phenol derivatives was studied by chemiluminescence and gas-volumetric methods. The kinetic parameters of the antiradical and antioxidant activity of the compounds were determined.     

Bioamperometric Assay of Phenol Derivatives Using a Laccase–Nafion Composite

Results of using a laccase–Nafion composite for bioamperometric assay of phenol derivatives are presented. Of the compounds studied, only pyrocatechol, dopamine, and 2-amino-4-chlorophenol can be assayed bioamperometrically. The concentration of phenol substrates is determined from the reduction current of enzymic oxidation products at 0.1 V (Ag/AgCl) on a pyrocarbon electrode with the composite and by the oxygen consumption for enzymic oxidation on a Clark electrode with the composite membrane at –0.7 V. The sensitivity of both methods that use composite of the same composition is compared. Kinetic parameters of either electrode are determined. Ways for improving sensitivity of methods intended for assaying phenol derivatives by using laccase-based electrodes are suggested.     

热解温度对酸沉淀工业木质素快速热解液体产物的影响

利用快速热解和气质联用技术,研究了酸沉淀工业木质素在400℃～700℃下快速热解液体产物的主要组分及其含量的变化。酸沉淀工业木质素快速热解液体产物中主要包括,与木质素的三种苯丙烷结构单元结构相似的苯酚、愈疮木酚和2,6 二甲氧基苯酚等酚类化合物,以及它们的甲基、乙基或丙基的单取代或多取代衍生物。在400℃～600℃,热解液体产物的组分及其相对含量的变化不显著;而在600℃～700℃,芳环上含甲氧基的酚类物质的相对含量急剧减少甚至消失,而苯酚的相对含量却急剧增加,达到27.81％,比400℃的增加了近2.5倍,同时芳烃化合物的相对含量增加,并出现苯丙呋喃、茚和萘等芳环化合物。     

Highly stable electrochemical oxidation of phenolic compounds at carbon ionic liquid electrode

A carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was used for the investigation of the electrochemical oxidation of phenolic compounds in acidic media using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and square wave voltammetry techniques. The results indicate that, contrary to many other electrodes, the oxidation of phenolic compounds on CILE is highly stable and does not result in electrode fouling. Cyclic voltammetry showed that phenolic compounds such as phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and catechol were oxidized at CILE and remained electroactive after multiple cycles and at high concentrations of phenol. The cyclic voltammetric response of the CILE is very stable with more than 99% of the initial activity remaining after 20 s of stirring of a 0.5 mM solution of phenol.