电堆积-非水毛细管电泳法同时分离测定虎杖中的有效成分

建立了电堆积富集-非水毛细管电泳同时分离测定中药虎杖中的大黄素、白藜芦醇和虎杖苷的新方法.对各种影响因素做了系统的研究,确立了中药虎杖中3种有效成分的最佳电堆积和分离条件,以甲醇为非水介质,30mmol/L NaAc-4 mmol/L NaOH-2 mmol/L CTAB溶液为背景电解质,运行电压为-25 kV,在220 nm波长下紫外检测.该法已应用于中药虎杖中大黄素、白藜芦醇和虎杖苷同时分离测定.     

尼索朗对映体的高效毛细管电泳电导拆分

使用自行设计的毛细管电泳柱端电导检测系统,以未涂层融硅石英毛细管(75μm×45 cm)为分离柱,用非水介质对尼索朗对映体进行了拆分。研究了缓冲溶液浓度和酸碱度、非水介质、手性拆分剂(β-CD)等因素对分离的影响。以V(甲醇):V(甲酰胺)=8:2溶液为非水介质,5 mmol/L NaAc 2 mmol/L HAc为缓冲溶液,分离电压为15 kV,在8．0～160 mg/L范围内,峰高与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性同归方程:y= 9．4 36．8x,线性相关系数R=0．996 3,检出限为1．6 mg/L。     

毛细管电泳安培法测定脂可平胶囊中的姜黄素

采用毛细管电泳柱端安培检测对脂可平胶囊中的姜黄素进行测定。着重研究了缓冲溶液浓度和酸碱度、检测电位、进样时间和高压对分离测定的影响。以微Pt电极为工作电极,电极电位为 1.0 V,以V(甲醇)∶V(乙醇)∶V(水)=5∶2∶3为非水介质,磷酸二氢钾和硼砂(pH 9.5)为缓冲体系,并用二阶样条小波进行滤波处理,姜黄素在1.0~120 mg/L范围内,峰高与其质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程:Y=20.2 146ρ,检出限为0.02 mg/L。     

非水介质毛细管电泳电导法检测盐酸胺碘酮

采用非水介质毛细管电泳电导检测法对盐酸胺碘酮进行检测。探讨了缓冲溶液的种类、pH和浓度、分离电压、进样时间、进样高度等因素对检测效果的影响,建立了测定盐酸胺碘酮的新方法。用乙醇作为非水介质,在30mmol L三羟甲基氨基甲烷 15mmol L柠檬酸(pH6.90)运行缓冲溶液中,盐酸胺碘酮在5～200mg L范围内的线性回归方程为y=74.94x-7.83,r=0 999。检出限(S N=3)为0.5mg L,样品回收率为98.9%。适用于含盐酸胺碘酮的药剂的分析。     

非水介质毛细管电泳电化学检测日夜百服宁中的有效成分

用非水毛细管电泳电化学检测法分离检测了日夜百服宁中的有效成分，研究了电极电位，不同浓度的甲酰胺（FA），电解液浓度和酸度，电泳电压及进样时间对电泳分离的影响，得到了较为优化的测定条件。实验结果表明，在25mmol/L Tris-25mmol/L H3BO3(表观pH=8.5)运行介质中，日夜百服宁中的4种有效成分即扑热息痛（AP），盐酸伪麻黄碱（PH），氢溴酸右美沙芬（DM）和扑尔敏（CM）在12min内完全分离，检测电位为＋0．9V(vs.SCE)。线性范围分别为AP 0．5－200mg/L;PH 0.8-300mg/L;DM2.5-350mg/L;CM0.5-330mg/L；检测限分别为AP0.1mg/L;PH0.55mg/L;DM1mg/L;CM0.2mg/L。     

双黄连粉针剂中黄芩苷的高效毛细管电泳-电导法测定

建立了双黄连粉针剂中黄芩苷含量测定的高效毛细管电泳电导法;以未涂层融硅毛细管(75μm×50cm)为分离柱,Tris-H3BO3为电泳介质(15mmo1/LTris,1.5mmol/LH3BO3),在18kV、pH85的碱性环境下,柱端电导检测双黄连粉针剂中的黄芩苷含量;重点探讨了缓冲溶液的种类、浓度、分离电压、进样时间对检测的影响;该法的线性范围为10～720mg/L,检出限为2.5mg/L;结果表明该法简便、快速、结果准确,适用于含黄芩苷的制剂含量的测定.     

罗红霉素及其制剂的非水介质毛细管电泳安培检测

研究了非水介质毛细管电泳－安培检测（NACE－AD）罗红霉素的方法，着重探讨了非水介质、支持电解质、酸碱度和电极电位对分离测定的影响；以铂丝为检测电极，电极电位为0．93V，在以甲酰胺－甲醇（体积比1：1）为有机溶剂，10mmol/L乙酸铵－2mmol/L乙酸为缓冲液的非水体系中，并用样条小波最小二乘法进行数据处理，罗红霉素的检出限为0.1mg/L,在5－100mg/L范围内的线性回归方程为：S＝80．1＋73．1ρ,r=0.9994;用该法检测罗红霉素制剂，回收率为94％－96％，结果令人满意。     

基于正交设计的酸性除草剂非水毛细管电泳分离研究及应用

基于非水毛细管电泳中非水介质、电解质、缓冲溶液的pH以及分离电压等影响因素,通过正交实验设计和毛细管电泳联用对2,4-滴、2,4,5-涕、麦草畏3种酸性除草剂标准样品以及200个烟草样品中的3种除草剂残留进行测定.优化的电泳条件:40 mmol/L NH4Ac-乙腈(体积比1:9),用氨水将表观pH(pH*)调为9.7;分离电压-25 kV;压差进样:5.25 Pa×10 s;检测波长200 nm;石英毛细管柱:50 μm i.d.×46 cm(有效长度37.5 cm).在优化电泳条件下,3种除草剂在1.0 ～50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好.2,4-滴、麦草畏、2,4,5-涕的检出限分别为0.5、0.6、0.5 mg/L(S/N=3),回收率为81% ～84%.     

非水毛细管电泳/紫外检测法测定肉桂中的肉桂酸和肉桂醛

建立了用非水相体系高效毛细管电泳/紫外检测法同时测定肉桂酸和肉桂醛的新方法,考察了运行电压、非水相介质和电解质等因素的影响。在25℃下,以乙腈和碳酸丙烯酯(体积比3∶2)的混合液为缓冲体系的溶剂,缓冲体系中含25 mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,0.375%(φ)乙酸,以碳酸丙烯酯为样品溶剂,重力进样30 s,运行电压20 kV,毛细管总长45 cm,有效长度30 cm,φ75μm,检测波长310 nm。肉桂酸线性范围为4~100 mg/L,r=0.999 4,检出限为0.80 mg/L,RSD为1.07%。肉桂醛的线性范围10~240 mg/L,r=0.999 6,检出限为2.30 mg/L,RSD为2.19%。应用于肉桂中的肉桂醛和肉桂酸的测定,结果满意。     

毛细管电泳法测定双氢青蒿素的含量

使用自行设计的毛细管电泳柱端安培检测系统,在乙醇为有机添加剂的条件测定了双氢青蒿素。研究了工作电极、缓冲溶液浓度及其pH、有机溶剂的选择及其含量、检测电位和分离高压对测定的影响。结果表明：选用Ag工作电极,检测电位为-O．6V,在20mmol／L硼砂,pH为9的运行介质的优化条件下,双氢青蒿素在4min左右出峰,在1～200mg/L范围内,峰高与浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为O．05mg/L。     

Indirect evidence of direct electron communication between the active site of galactose oxidase and a graphite electrode

Bi-enzymatic biosensor based on galactose oxidase (GalOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using ferrocene as an efficient mediator was constructed. When a dependence of a working potential on the sensor performance was examined, an unusual behaviour was observed. With increasing of an applied working potential a lower concentration of substrate to attain full linear range was needed. A fully linear dependence from the first substrate addition was observed at and above the working potential of 150 mV. This activation of the biosensor response by an applied working potential very well corresponds with a formal potential of GalOD (156 mV). When a membrane prevented GalOD access to the electrode surface was applied, no activation effect of a working potential on the sensor performance was observed. Thus, it can be assumed that direct electron communication between GalOD and the electrode occurred.     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定硫酸铜-维生素C反应体系中的羟基自由基和菊花的抗氧化活性

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测方法,以对羟基苯甲酸为自由基捕捉剂,测定了硫酸铜-维生素C反应体系(pH 7.4)中生成的羟基自由基。研究了电极电位、运行液的pH值、电泳电压及进样时间对体系中反应物和产物分离的影响,得到了最优化的测定条件;讨论了体系中各反应物浓度和反应时间对产物浓度的影响。以直径为300 μm的碳圆盘电极为检测电极,工作电极电位为0.95 V(vs.SCE),目标产物3,4-二羟基苯甲酸在1.5×10-4~6.0×10-6 mol/L范围内线性关系良好,检测限（S/N=3）为1.5×10-6 mol/L。应用该方法,研究测定了不同品种菊花的抗氧化活性。     

Sensitive Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Copper Ions Determination Performed in Double Deposition and Double Stripping Steps System for Real Water Samples Analysis

The article reports on utilization of double deposition and stripping steps for increasing sensitivity of Cu(II) determination by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) at two lead film working electrodes. A significant preconcentration of copper was achieved thanks to utilization of a simple design of four electrodes system that gives possibility to perform one measurement cycle consisting of two deposition and two stripping steps. Due to the fact that deposition step is doubled, the concentration of Pb(II) needed to lead film electrodes formation was significantly reduced as compared to traditional procedures using three electrodes system. The analytical procedure of Cu(II) determination was optimized. The experimental factors: supporting electrolyte's pH and its concentration, lead ions concentration, potential and time of deposition at both working electrodes were studied. The Cu(II) peak current was linearly dependent on its concentration from 5×10^?10 to 2×10^?8 mol L^?1 (deposition time of 270 and 160 s at the first and the second working electrode, respectively). The obtained detection limit for copper ions determination was 2.1×10^?10 mol L^?1. The described procedure was validated by analysis of two water certified reference materials. The described procedure was also utilized for real water sample analysis.     

Biosensing approach for glutathione detection using glutathione reductase and sulfhydryl oxidase bienzymatic system

Chitosan membrane with glutathione reductase and sulfhydryl oxidase (SOX) was subsequently integrated onto the surface of spectrographic graphite rods for obtaining a glutathione biosensor. The working principle was based on the monitoring of O₂ consumption that correlates the concentration of glutathione during the enzymatic reaction. A linear relationship between sensor response and concentration was obtained between 0.5 and 2.0 mM for oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and 0.2–1.0 mM for reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of 2 μM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) under the optimum working conditions. Also, reduced/oxidized glutathione were separated by HPLC and utility of bienzymatic system was investigated as an electrochemical detector for the analysis of these compounds. All data were given as a comparison of two systems: biosensor and diode array detector (DAD).     

Determination of ascorbic acid content of some fruit juices and wine by voltammetry performed at pt and carbon paste electrodes

A method was developed for assessing ascorbic acid concentration in fruit juices and wine by differential pulse voltammetry. The oxidation peak for ascorbic acid occurs at about 530 mV (versus SCE) on a Pt strip working electrode and at about 470 mV on a carbon paste working electrode. The influence of the operational parameters like the pulse amplitude and the pulse period on the analytical signal was investigated. The obtained calibration graph shows a linear dependence between the peak height and ascorbic acid concentration within the range 0.31-20 mM with a Pt working electrode, and within the range 0.07-20 mM with a carbon paste working electrode. The equation of the calibration graph was y = 21.839x + 35.726, r2 = 0.9940, when a Pt strip electrode was used (where y represents the value of the current intensity measured for the peak height, expressed as μA and x the analyte concentration, as mM). R.S.D. = 2.09%, n = 10, C(ascorbic acid) = 2.5 mM. The equation of the calibration graph was y = 3.4429x + 5.7334, r2 = 0.9971, when a carbon paste electrode was used (where y represents the value of intensity measured for the peak height, expressed as μA and x the analyte concentration, as mM). R.S.D. = 2.35%, n = 10, C(ascorbic acid) = 2.5 mM. The developed method was applied to ascorbic acid assessment in fruit juices and wine. The ascorbic acid content determined ranged between 6.83 mg/100 mL juice for soft drinks (Fanta Madness) and 54.74 mg/100 mL for citrus (lemon) juices obtained by squeezing fruit. Different ascorbic acid concentrations (from standard solutions) were added to the analysed samples, the degree of recovery being comprised between 94.74 and 104.97%. The results of ascorbic acid assessment by differential pulse voltammetry were compared with those obtained by cyclic voltammetry. The results obtained by the two methods were in good agreement.     

Planar nitric oxide (NO)-selective ultramicroelectrode sensor for measuring localized NO surface concentrations at xerogel microarrays

A planar ultramicroelectrode nitric oxide (NO) sensor was fabricated to measure the local NO surface concentrations from NO-releasing microarrays of varying geometries. The sensor consisted of platinized Pt (25 microm) working electrode and a silver paint reference electrode coated with a thin silicone rubber gas permeable membrane. An internal hydrogel layer separated the Pt working electrode and gas permeable membrane. The total diameter of the sensor was 相似文献   

毛细管电泳-安培检测法测定女贞子中齐墩果酸的含量

女贞子又名冬青子,性凉,味甘、微苦,归肝、肾经,具有滋补肝肾、明目乌发的功能.女贞子主要有效成份为齐墩果酸Oleanolic Acid(OA)[1],其化学结构式如图1所示.OA是天然产物化学成分,毒性很低,具有多种生物活性如抗病毒、消炎、增强免疫和抑制免疫、抑制血小板凝集、降血脂、降糖、保肝、护肾、抗艾滋病毒等[2],故测定其含量可为药品的含量控制提供科学依据.     

毛细管电泳-安培检测法分离分析手性药物索他洛尔

采用毛细管电泳-柱端喷壁式安培检测技术,建立了痕量手性药物索他洛尔的分离检测新方法。以1.5%(w/V)羧甲基-β-环糊精为手性选择试剂,借助于环糊精-客体包合物的拆分原理,索他洛尔对映异构体在优化的分离条件:50mmol/LTris-H3PO4缓冲液(pH5.5),分离电压21kV,进样条件18kV/10s,工作电位1150mV(vs.Ag/AgCl),可实现基线分离,线性范围为5～500μg/L;异构体Ⅰ和Ⅱ的检出限(S/N=3)分别为2.0和1.9μg/L。本方法用于模拟血清样品分析,结果令人满意。     

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence for potentiometric sensors

We report here on a generic approach to read out potentiometric sensors with electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). In a first example, a potassium ion-selective electrode acts as the reference electrode and is placed in contact with the sample solution. The working electrode of the three-electrode cell is responsible for ECL generation and placed in a detection solution containing tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] and the coreactant 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE), physically separated from the sample by a bridge. Changes in the sample potassium concentration directly modulate the potential at the working electrode, and hence the ECL output, when a constant-potential pulse is applied between the two electrodes. A linear response of the ECL intensity to the logarithmic potassium concentration between 10 μm and 10 mM was found.     

Indirect determination of tetrahydroborate (BH(-)(4)) by gas-diffusion flow injection analysis with amperometric detection

A rapid, indirect gas-diffusion flow injection analysis (FIA) method with amperometric detection has been developed for the selective and sensitive determination of tetrahydroborate (BH(-)(4)). The injected analyte reduces arsenic(III) to arsine. The arsine formed diffuses through the PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane and is quantified amperometrically at a platinum working electrode. The precision of the technique was better than a relative standard deviation of 2.1% at 60 muM levels and better than 0.5% at 0.1 mM, with a throughput of 60 samples/hr. The detection limit of the method was found to be 1 muM (1.5 ng BH(-)(4)) with a linear range up to 1 mM. The dynamic range extends over five orders of magnitude in BH(-)(4) concentration. The effects of working potential, concentration of As(III) and HCl in the reagent stream, type and flow rate of the acceptor solution, temperature and interferents on the FIA signals were studied.