基于共焦法透镜中心厚度检测的光学系统设计

光学透镜的中心厚度是光学系统中的一个重要参数,其加工质量的好坏对光学系统的成像质量具有很大的影响。提出了一种基于共焦原理的非接触在线检测技术。系统的测量范围可达到9.8mm,测量精度可达到14.7μm。     

大口径红外离轴三反光学系统设计及公差分析

在空间光学领域中,光学系统的发展趋势为长焦距、大视场、轻量化、大相对孔径、高成像质量等。为适应该发展趋势,对大口径反射式光学系统进行研究,在共轴三反系统的成像理论基础上,为避免中心遮拦,提高成像质量,采用视场离轴方式,设计了一款大口径离轴三反式光学系统。该光学系统在奈奎斯特空间频率17 lp/mm处,光学传递函数MTF大于0.75,成像质量接近衍射极限。此外,光学系统公差的合理分配是影响相机总体性能的主要因素,运用公差灵敏度分析和反转灵敏度分析,计算各公差对光学系统成像质量的影响,给出了合适的公差分配,经过模拟分析,按照给定的公差加工装调,系统光学传递函数大于0.55。     

空间光学系统先进制造技术进展——从非球面到自由曲面

以中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所的相关研究成果为代表,系统总结了我国近十几年来在光学反射镜材料,非球面光学系统设计、加工与检测,空间相机集成与测试等方面取得的最新进展,结合典型在轨应用实例,展现技术进步带来的优势,同时也展望了光学系统先进制造技术的发展趋势。     

光学自由曲面数控化加工方法

在光学系统中，为了满足特殊的成像要求，需要使用自由曲面光学零件，但由于自由曲面是一类非常复杂的曲面，用传统的光学加工方法很难加工。本文概要介绍了光学非球面的多种加工方法，探索了这些方法加工光学自由曲面的可能性，提出了用数控化加工方法加工光学自由曲面，并利用这种方法加工了一块自由曲面透镜。     

图像二维运动时的光学传递函数计算

随着空间科学技术的发展,空间遥感,侦察的能力日益提高,对光学成像系统的分辨率的要求也越来越高。但是这种高分辨率成像系统的成像质量要受到机械振动的影响。可用运动光学传递函数来评价存在机械振动的光学系统的成像特性,本文探讨了计算运动光学传递函数的一种新方法－统计矩法,研究了当光学系统所成的像在二维方向上存在的运动时的运动光学传递函数的解析与数值方法。该方法可以计算任何形式的图像运动导致的成像质量的下降,而且可以很方便地应用到一维运动的情况。     

红外成像光学系统无热化设计

介绍了光学系统无热化设计的常用方法及设计原理。为满足军用光学系统的工作要求,采用较优的光学被动式补偿无热化设计方法,设计了一个红外光学系统。该系统在-40～60℃温度范围内成像质量接近衍射极限,且结构简单、重量轻、易于加工,可应用于红外导引头光学系统。     

新型衍射光学成像光谱仪的设计和分析

为了克服在传统衍射光学成像光谱仪中,衍射透镜的焦距随波长变化引起系统放大率随波长变化,从而导致光谱图像的像元配准误差,得到并不精确的相对光谱信号强度,提出了将衍射透镜与消色差透镜系统相结合的新型折/衍混合、二组元复合远心成像光学系统的技术方案,具体分析推导了该系统的成像理论.在此理论指导下,利用光学设计软件Zemax设计了一套可见近红外成像光谱仪光学系统.结果表明,不但系统的放大率不随波长变化,而且进一步降低了衍射透镜的加工难度,改进了衍射光学成像光谱仪的光学性能,为新型衍射光学成像光谱仪的研制提供了重要的理论依据和设计指导.     

部分相干光学成像系统的光学传递函数和像质评价准则

根据光学成像理论，建立了部分相干成像光学系统的光学传递函数。该函数与非相干成像光学系统传递函数相同，因而部分相干成像和非相干成像两者的光学系统波面像差公差标准也是相同的。这一点解释了显微镜光学系统的光学设计惯用法则：镜头像差公差标准的选择，并不因为采用成像照明方式的不同而有所差异。     

温度环境下空间遥感光学系统成像质量的检测

在离轴三反射系统热光学理论分析的基础上,利用热光学实验测试了光学系统在不同热环境下的成像质量。将实测温度代入有限元模型,计算表征镜面变形的Zernike系数。将Zernike系数输入光学设计软件,复算光学系统的理论成像质量,并与测试结果进行对比分析。结果显示,理论复算值与实验实测值相吻合,证明了理论分析的正确性。试验检测表明,系统在Nquist频率下,18℃时的静态传递函数为0．247;14～21℃时的静态传递函数为0．221～0．254,满足系统成像质量要求。     

共形光学设计研究

符合空气动力学的导引头整流罩都是流线型的面型,由于这些面型破坏了光学系统的对称性,与导引头成像光学配合时会带来严重的像差,使成像质量下降。所谓共形光学设计就是在整流罩和成像光学系统之间加入校正系统,用校正系统校正整流罩所带来的像差,以便获得良好的成像质量。介绍了共形光学设计的概念,讨论了设计原理,分析了热变形的影响,并给出了一个设计实例。     

Characterization of freeform optics in automotive lighting systems using an Optical-Geometrical Feature Based Method

The use of freeform optics has been more widespread. It is difficult to evaluate the optical performance of the freeform optics due to its geometrical complexity. This paper presents a novel method named Optical-Geometrical Feature Based Method (OGFM) for the characterization of freeform optics. The method attempts to establish the relationship between the geometrical features of freeform surfaces (e.g. the surface roughness and form error) and their corresponding optical performance. Hence, the optical performance of the freeform optics can be evaluated by the measurement of the geometrical features which is relative easy to be carried out as compared to the optical performance tests conducted in automotive lighting systems. A series of simulation experiments have been conducted on the freeform optics in an automotive lighting system. The results show that the geometrical errors in micrometer scale appear not to have significant effect on the optical performance of the freeform optics. However, the optical performance is adversely affected when the geometrical form error increases from more than tens of micrometers scale to sub-millimeters scale. The successful development of the proposed OGFM provides an important means for the optimization of manufacturing tolerance, the selection of appropriate optics manufacturing process, and the evaluation of the optical performance evaluation of the freeform optics.     

Digital audio signal encryption with a virtual optics scheme

A novel approach for enciphering digital audio signal is presented in this article. The operating principle of the approach is on the basis of a virtual optics scheme whereby we apply both virtual wavelength and virtual diffraction distance in conjunction with a complex-valued random mask to design multiple-locks and multiple-keys in the course of audio data encryption and decryption. The audio signal is converted into a sound map, thus the encoded sound map can be encrypted as done for an image. Numerical experiment results show that proposed method is with high sensitivity to parameter discrepancy of virtual optical scheme. The correlation analysis of decrypted audio signal in comparison with original signal is also performed to verify the capability of presented virtual optics scheme for audio signal encryption.     

Cartesian oval representation of freeform optics in illumination systems

The geometrical method for constructing optical surfaces for illumination purpose developed by Oliker and co-workers [Trends in Nonlinear Analysis (Springer, 2003)] is generalized in order to obtain freeform designs in arbitrary optical systems. The freeform is created by a set of primitive surface elements, which are generalized Cartesian ovals adapted to the given optical system. Those primitives are determined by Hamiltonian theory of ray optics. The potential of this approach is demonstrated by some examples, e.g., freeform lenses with collimating front elements.     

Optical design of a freeform TIR lens for LED streetlight

Secondary optics is a critical component determining the output efficiency and light distribution of the LED streetlight. A good roadway illumination requires the LED streetlight have a rectangular light pattern just cover the roadway and without excess spill light creeping into yards and shining into windows of neighbor residents. The adoption of the unsymmetrical freeform optics with different light distributions along X and Y directions is necessary. The whole LED streetlight can be constructed if only mounts these LED modules on the planar PCB plate. The mechanism, thermal management, and the power control electronics of the LED streetlight become very simple. In this paper, an optical design approach of a freeform TIR (total internal reflection) lens for the LED streetlight is investigated. With these freeform lenses, high output efficiency, even light distribution, and batwing far field beam angle distribution can be achieved.     

虚物成像适用理论的论证

关于虚物成像问题多有论文发表,但都忽略事先论证虚物是否具有光学成像物的属性,实物成像理论是否适用于虚物.这些文章都是直接把虚物当做实物而运用实物作图成像方法,举例阐明虚物作图成像方法.本文通过物与像之间的共轭关系,虚物成像公式的推导证明:虚物是光学成像之物,具有光学成像物的一切属性.可以应用所有实物成像理论和方法求解虚...     

Computer generated hologram null compensator for optical metrology of a freeform surface

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) null compensator has been designed for optical metrology of a freeform surface (FFS) with positive base radius. The CGH is being employed in the freeform testing for the first time. The basic concept of the optical metrology and the testing procedure are explained explicitly. The design results of the CGH null compensator are presented in this article. Moreover, the design method and its results are discussed in detail.     

3D printed plano-freeform optics for non-coherent discontinuous beam shaping

Optical Review - The design, fabrication, and characterization of freeform optics for LED-based complex target irradiance distribution are challenging. Here, we investigate a 3D printing technology...     

光学虚拟实验系统研究

采用MATLAB技术,结合光学实验教学内容的特点,利用面向对象的方法开发构建了光学虚拟实验系统。该系统具有操作简单、界面直观、实验快速实施等特点。以空间滤波实验和偏振光实验为例,给出了设计思想和相应的仿真实现结果。学生通过对实验系统的操作,可以很快地掌握实验原理、内容和实验特点。该系统作为传统光学实验教学的补充,能够完成一般光学实验中难以实现的实验操作,使复杂的实验操作变得直观生动,提高了光学实验教学的效果,同时也为相关实验系统的设计研发提供了一条新的途径。     

自由曲面光学透镜注射成型误差因素研究

自由曲面光学透镜注射成型误差对其光学性能将产生直接影响。注射成型过程中，注射工艺参数组合的优劣，直接影响成型误差的大小。为了获得高精密度的光学元件，就热塑性塑料的注射温度、模具温度、注射压力、保压压力及保压时间等主要工艺参数，对注射成型误差的影响进行综合研究,并且进行了实验验证。研究结果表明：适当提高注射温度与模具温度，同时采用高压注射、高压保压以及快速保压工艺，可显著降低注塑工件的体积收缩率，显著提高面形精密度，其光学表面面形误差小于0.1μm。可为注射工艺设计提供合理的依据。     

Effects of size and arrangement of virtual transducer on photoacoustic tomography

In this paper, we investigate the effects of the relative size and arrangement of a virtual transducer on the image quality in limited-view photoacoustic tomography. A virtual transducer refers to the acoustic scatterers used to reflect photoacoustic waves and improve the images reconstructed from incomplete PA signal. Size and spatial arrangement determine the performance of the virtual transducer. In this study, the scatterers utilized as virtual transducers are arranged in different manners, such as on a straight line or on an arc line. We find that virtual transducers with a big distributing angle can provide more significant image improvement than with a small distributing angle, which is similar to the true transducers. We also change the size of virtual transducer and study its influence on image quality. It is found that the bigger scatterers provide better images than the smaller ones. Especially, when the size of scatterers is reduced to the wavelength of photoacoustic wave, the image quality observably decreases, owing to the strong diffraction effect. Thus, it is suggested that the size of the acoustical scatterers should be much larger than the photoacoustic wavelength. The simulations are conducted, and the results could be helpful for the application and further study of virtual transducer theory in limited-view photoacoustic tomography.