RTM及其派生工艺的发展现状与应用前景

树脂传递模塑(resin transfer molding,RTM)工艺作为一种低成本、高尺寸精度的复合材料制备工艺,经过近两个世纪的发展已成为新型成型工艺技术的主流工艺。随着高新复合材料对力学强度、整体结构性、功能性越来越高的要求,传统RTM工艺也为迎合这些工业需求而不断发展改进。主要总结回顾了RTM工艺近些年的研究进展,并对衍生出的高压树脂传递模塑法(HIPRTM)、硅橡胶气囊辅助注入法(bladder-assisted RTM)、Seemann复合材料树脂渗透模塑法(SCRIMP)以及共注射树脂传递模塑法(CIRTM)的优缺点与应用前景进行介绍分析。     

水性丙烯酸树脂及涂料的开发

分析了国内外水性树脂及涂料的生产与使用情况,重点介绍水性丙烯酸树脂及涂料的反应原理、生产工艺和设计配方,探讨生产工艺、安全环保及发展趋势,建议开展水性树脂及涂料类产品的工艺技术与应用研究。     

稀土分离纯化技术研究现状

随着科学技术不断进步,在工业应用中对单一稀土纯度的要求越来越高,高效分离纯化稀土元素是充分利用稀土资源的保障。由于绿色环保意识和要求的增强,对稀土分离纯化工艺技术提出了新的挑战。在几十年生产应用中,分离纯化稀土元素的技术方法不断完善改进,文章综述了分级结晶和沉淀法、化学气相传输法、离子交换法、萃取树脂色层法、溶剂萃取法、液膜法和氧化还原法在稀土分离纯化中的应用现状,并对比分析了不同方法存在的优势和弊端。在此基础上,阐述了溶剂萃取法中中性萃取剂、酸性萃取剂、胺类萃取剂和离子液体萃取剂的发展应用现状,同时探讨了络合剂和协同体系对分离稀土性能的影响。并展望了未来稀土分离纯化技术研究的发展方向,为更加绿化高效开发利用稀土资源提供借鉴。     

清除树脂在组合化学中的应用

清除树脂是一种特殊的固相试剂。近五年，它们被广泛的用于平行液相法合成组合化学库，简化液相组合化学库的纯化操作。本文综述了清除树脂在纯化操作中的使用策略。根据清除纯化原理，介绍了共价键型和离子键型两类清除树脂。给出了清除树脂在组合化学中的具体应用实例。最后对清除树脂的发展作了展望。     

天然植物中生物碱的提取及树脂法在其纯化中的应用

总结了近期提取和分离纯化方法在天然植物中生物碱类有效成分研究中的应用,特别是对于吸附树脂法在生物碱纯化中的应用进行了系统综述,归纳了具有不同结构的大孔吸附树脂、凝胶型离子交换树脂和大孔型离子交换树脂对生物碱纯化效果的影响规律,进而为高效、高选择性纯化生物碱的专用吸附树脂结构设计和应用提供了可借鉴的研究思路.     

CL-P_(204)萃淋树脂吸萃铟(Ⅲ)的性能和机理

有关分离回收稀有金属铟和镓的研究和应用已有较多报道．过去主要是采用溶剂萃取法，但由于工业料液中钢、镓的含量很低，溶剂萃取法往往达不到高效分离回收的目的．同时由于该法使用了大量有机溶剂和革取剂，造成环境污染，这就大大限制了溶剂萃取法在分离回收钢、嫁的应用．离子交换法可以弥补溶剂革取法在工业料液中分离回收钢、嫁的这些不足，但由于该法存在着处理量小、选择性差、树脂的种类少等问题，因而该法也没能在工业上得以广泛应用．革淋树脂法兼有溶剂革取法和离子交换法的优点，克服了二者的不足，近来有人已将该法用于稀土、…     

三正辛胺、三异辛胺萃淋树脂对钯萃取色层分析

本文研究了三正辛胺（TOA）、三异辛胶（TIOA）萃淋树脂在酸性体系中对钯的静态分配比、酸度、温度和振荡时间等对吸附钯的影响。元素分析树脂的含氮量，动静态法测定树脂的饱和吸附容量，并通过等摩尔系列法及斜率法确定吸萃物的组成比，同时用红外光谱法探讨了此两种树脂的吸萃机理。     

D301R树脂吸附-解吸钼的行为研究

对D301R型阴离子交换树脂吸附-解吸钼的条件进行了研究，采用静态法试验了pH值、钼的浓度等因素对该树脂吸附钼的影响；采用动态法讨论了该树脂对钼的饱和吸附量、解吸剂及其浓度对解吸钼的影响。结果表明在pH2．5，钼的浓度为20g/L时吸附效果最好，树脂对钼的饱和吸附量为1020mg／g，而采用150g/L NaOH溶液解吸钼效果最佳。     

X—5树脂固相萃取血浆中六种麻醉药品的气相色谱分析方法

国产Ｘ—５树脂为大孔吸附树脂，相当于进口树脂ＸＡＤ—２。我们知道生物样品的预处理是药物分析的关键，经大量实验表明，该树脂对各类药物的萃取效果均较好，具通用性，且成本低，目前已经有许多药物采用Ｘ—５树脂萃取。本文用Ｘ—５树脂固相萃取血浆中六种麻醉药品，检测方法选用气相色谱－内标法。实验证明，用Ｘ—５树脂固相萃取生物体液中的药物较之液－液提取要干净，杂质较少，便于定性、定量分析；树脂可以再生重复使用。麻醉药品的滥用已成为整个世界亟待解决的问题，杜绝滥用现象、拯救吸毒人群是我们共同的愿望。判断是否滥用麻醉药品必须通过科学的鉴定，血样是我们经常遇到的检材，检测血中麻醉药品采用的方法很多，其中色谱法应用最多，本文采用Ｘ—５树脂固相萃取、气相色谱－内标法定量测定的方法对血浆中六种常见的麻醉药品进行了测定，方法的回收率较高，精密度较好，定性、定量分析准确可靠。     

树脂法再生贮氢合金材料包覆液工艺中树脂吸附性能研究

本文研究并探讨了NK-ELN型离子交换树脂在再生贮氢合金材料包覆液过程中，温度、流速、溶液中离子浓度等条件对树脂交换容量和再生效率的影响，为树脂法再生贮氢合金材料包覆液工艺的制定，提供了一系列重要参数。     

In Vivo Electrochemical Biosensors for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection: A Mini-Review

Due to the significance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in numerous physiological processes including pathogen response, apoptosis, and induction of defense genes, various methods have been developed for their quantitative analysis. However, the conventional methods using exogenous tracers lack the capability to conduct real-time in vivo measurements. The electrochemical biosensors have shown their potentials for in vivo applications with the rapid and reagentless detection processes. In this article, electrochemical biosensors that are capable of making in vivo ROS detections are reviewed. The different configurations of these biosensors with corresponding strategies to enhance sensitivity and selectivity are discussed in detail. With further studies to promote the biosensor performance, these devices promise to provide more facile ways for ROS research in life sciences.     

Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis

Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.     

Kinetic studies on the mechanism of atomization in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with and without chemical modifiers

Over the past decade a few methods for determining kinetic data for atom formation from the absorption signal in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) have been developed in the author's laboratory. These approaches include improvement to the Smets method, and development of new methods for simultaneous determination of kinetic order and activation energy for atom formation at increasing or constant temperatures. The steady-state approximation and first-order kinetic assumption for atom formation have been avoided during their derivation. One of the most distinct features of these new methods is their suitability for quantitative determination of the kinetic order for atom formation from absorption signals under normal analytical conditions, even for atomization processes with fractional reaction orders and/or with multiple mechanisms. The application of the developed methods to the study of the mechanism of atomization in the graphite-furnace atomizer, with and without chemical modifiers, is reviewed with emphasis on research work in the authors' laboratory.     

光敏开关及其在化学生物学中的应用*

近年来随着生物医学技术的发展,人们需要越来越细致地在分子水平上研究各种生命过程。为了能够实现实时原位地观察活细胞或组织中的生命化学过程,需要使用以物理方法来选择性激活的分子探针。以共聚焦激光技术为基础的光敏开关能很好地解决这一问题。迄今,发展和用于光敏开关的光敏剂已成为化学生物学研究的重要方向。本文重点总结了各种可应用于共聚焦激光系统的单、双光子光敏基团（单光子的光敏基团主要有：硝基苯类、香豆素类等;双光子光敏基团主要有：香豆素类、喹啉类及吲哚衍生物类）以及这几类光敏基团在化学生物学中的应用。     

Kinetic studies on the mechanism of atomization in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with and without chemical modifiers

Over the past decade a few methods for determining kinetic data for atom formation from the absorption signal in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) have been developed in the author’s laboratory. These approaches include improvement to the Smets method, and development of new methods for simultaneous determination of kinetic order and activation energy for atom formation at increasing or constant temperatures. The steady-state approximation and first-order kinetic assumption for atom formation have been avoided during their derivation. One of the most distinct features of these new methods is their suitability for quantitative determination of the kinetic order for atom formation from absorption signals under normal analytical conditions, even for atomization processes with fractional reaction orders and/or with multiple mechanisms. The application of the developed methods to the study of the mechanism of atomization in the graphite-furnace atomizer, with and without chemical modifiers, is reviewed with emphasis on research work in the authors’ laboratory.     

Acetylenic Coupling: A Powerful Tool in Molecular Construction

Acetylenic coupling is currently experiencing some of the most intensive study of its long history. Rigid and sterically undemanding di- and oligoacetylene moieties, which are frequently encountered in natural products, are finding increasing application as key structural elements in synthetic receptors for molecular recognition. Interesting electronic and optical properties of extensively pi-conjugated systems have spurred research into new linear oligoalkynes and acetylenic carbon allotropes. The synthetic challenges associated with these efforts have in turn spawned new methods. While classical Glaser conditions are still frequently used for homocoupling, the demand for increasingly selective heterocoupling conditions has provided the focus of research over the past decades. These efforts have undoubtedly been hampered by a relatively poor mechanistic understanding of these processes. More recently, palladium-catalyzed coupling methods have led to improvements in both the selectivity and reliability of acetylenic homo- and heterocouplings and paved the way for their application to ever more complicated systems. The variety of acetylenic coupling protocols, the current mechanistic understanding, and their application in natural product and targeted synthesis are discussed comprehensively for the first time in this review, with an emphasis on the most recently developed methods, and their application to the synthesis of complex macromolecular structures.     

Computational methods for protein-protein interaction and their application

Protein-protein interactions play a central role in numerous processes in cell and are one of the main research fields in current functional proteomics. The increase of finished genomic sequences has greatly stimulated the progress for detecting the functions of the genes and their encoded proteins. As complementary ways to the high through-put experimental methods, various methods of bioinformatics have been developed for the study of the protein-protein interaction. These methods range from the sequence homology-based to the genomic-context based. Recently, it tends to integrate the data from different methods to build the protein-protein interaction network, and to predict the protein function from the analysis of the network structure. Efforts are ongoing to improve these methods and to search for novel aspects in genomes that could be exploited for function prediction. This review highlights the recent advances of the bioinformatics methods in protein-protein interaction researches. In the end, the application of the protein-protein interaction has also been discussed.     

Chemometrics applied to unravel multicomponent processes and mixtures: Revisiting latest trends in multivariate resolution

Progress in the analysis of multicomponent processes and mixtures relies on the combination of sophisticated instrumental techniques and suitable data analysis tools focused on the interpretation of the multivariate responses obtained. Despite the differences in compositional variation, complexity and origin, the raw measurements recorded in a multicomponent chemical system can be very often described with a simple model consisting of the composition-weighted sum of the signals of their pure compounds.

Multivariate resolution methods have been the tools designed to unravel this pure compound information from the non-selective mixed original experimental output. The evolution of these chemometric approaches through the improvement of exploratory tools, the adaptation to work with complex data structures, the ability to introduce chemical and mathematical information in the algorithms and the better quality assessment of the results obtained is revisited. The active research on these chemometric area has allowed the successful application of these methodologies to chemical problems as complex and diverse as the interpretation of protein folding processes or the resolution of spectroscopic images.     

Synthesis, Spectral and Thermal Studies of o-vanillin Oxime Complexes of Zinc(II), Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II)

Zinc(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II) complexes of o-vanillin oxime have been synthesized and characterized by different physicochemical techniques. All the complexes have been subjected to non-isothermal decomposition studies in nitrogen atmosphere using thermogravimetry. The kinetic parameters for the decomposition of these complexes were evaluated using different methods and comparatively better results were obtained by these different methods. It has also been found that the decomposition processes of all these complexes follow first order kinetics. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Calculating zeros: Non-equilibrium free energy calculations

Free energy calculations on three model processes with theoretically known free energy changes have been performed using short simulation times. A comparison between equilibrium (thermodynamic integration) and non-equilibrium (fast growth) methods has been made in order to assess the accuracy and precision of these methods. The three processes have been chosen to represent processes often observed in biomolecular free energy calculations. They involve a redistribution of charges, the creation and annihilation of neutral particles and conformational changes. At very short overall simulation times, the thermodynamic integration approach using discrete steps is most accurate. More importantly, reasonable accuracy can be obtained using this method which seems independent of the overall simulation time. In cases where slow conformational changes play a role, fast growth simulations might have an advantage over discrete thermodynamic integration where sufficient sampling needs to be obtained at every λ-point, but only if the initial conformations do properly represent an equilibrium ensemble. From these three test cases practical lessons can be learned that will be applicable to biomolecular free energy calculations.