L'algèbre de Lie des transpositions

For any n3 we obtain the decomposition in simple factors of the Lie subalgebra of the group algebra of the symmetric group on n letters generated by the transpositions. This enables us to determine the algebraic hull of the braid group B_n and of several of its subgroups inside the representations of the Iwahori–Hecke algebra of type A.     

Approximation de compacts fonctionnels par des variétés analytiques

In the theory of approximation there are some problems on approximation of compact sets in functional spaces by analytic families. First, we deal with the case of algebraic varieties, the theorem of Vitushkin, in which we give a new proof based on the method of Warren, with precision of constants. Next, we consider the case of analytic varieties which is as well a negative result: we show that an analytic family with N variables cannot approach the compact Λl,s better than order as N increases. We finish by giving some applications in Sturm-Liouville inverse theory.     

Sur la caractéristique d'Euler des feuilletages mesurés

On prouve que la caractéristique d'Euler d'un feuilletage mesuré est nulle si et seulement si celui-ci admet un champ tangent transversalement mesurable dont l'ensemble de singularités est de mesure arbitrairement petite. Si le feuilletage est moyennable, alors on peut construire un tel champ sans singularités. Si les feuilles sont de dimension deux, l'annulation de la caractéristique d'Euler implique la moyennabilité ; plus encore, elle équivaut à l'existence d'une action mesurable de R² sur la variété ambiant qui est continue et localement libre sur chaque feuille.     

Quantifications des algèbres de Hopf d'arbres plans décorés et lien avec les groupes quantiques

We introduce a functor from the category of braided spaces into the category of braided Hopf algebras which associates to a braided space V a braided Hopf algebra of planar rooted trees . We show that the Nichols algebra of V is a subquotient of . We construct a Hopf pairing between and , generalising one of the results of [Bull. Sci. Math. 126 (2002) 193-239]. When the braiding of c is given by c(v_i⊗v_j)=q_i,jv_j⊗v_i, we obtain a quantification of the Hopf algebras introduced in [Bull. Sci. Math. 126 (2002) 193-239; 126 (2002) 249-288]. When q_i,j=q^a_i,j, with q an indeterminate and (a_i,j)_i,j the Cartan matrix of a semi-simple Lie algebra , then is a subquotient of . In this case, we construct the crossed product of with a torus and then the Drinfel'd quantum double of this Hopf algebra. We show that is a subquotient of .     

Sur l'existence, l'unicité, la stabilité et les propriétés de grandes déviations des solutions d'équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades à horizon aléatoire. Application à des problèmes de perturbations singulières

We study the existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions of backward stochastic differential equations with random terminal time under new assumptions; then we establish a large deviation principle for the solutions of such equations, related to a family of Markov processes, the diffusion coefficient of which tends to zero. Finally we apply these results to the analysis of some singular perturbation problems for a class of nonlinear partial differential equations.     

Comportement des noyaux de la chaleur des opérateurs de Schrödinger et applications à certaines équations paraboliques semi-linéaires

We consider general Schrödinger operators on domains of Riemannian manifolds with possibly exponential volume growth. We prove sharp large time Gaussian upper bounds. These bounds are then used to prove new Lp-Lp estimates for the corresponding semigroups. Applications to semi-linear parabolic equations are given.