基团转移聚合法合成A-B型嵌段共聚物

用基团转移聚合法(GTP)合成嵌段共聚物是近年来国际上高分子研究的热门之一.在室温下制备嵌段共聚物是GTP的一大特点.本文利用三类不同GTP单体的活性差别^[1,2],控制适当的加料顺序及聚合条件,首次用GTP法合成含丙烯腈嵌段的A-B型共聚物并进行表征.     

基团转移聚合单体引发活性研究

<正> 基团转移聚合(GTP)是Webster等发现的一种合成高分子的新手段,能在相当温和的条件下进行,能成功地控制聚合过程及产物的微观结构,从而达到控制产品性能的目的。因此在高分子设计方面具有重要的地位。 适用于GTP的单体目前主要有三类:丙烯腈,丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯类化合物。本文使用三种活性不同的引发剂:1-甲氧基-1-三甲基硅氧基-2-甲基丙烯[Me_2C=     

双光子吸收聚合引发剂EPVPVC的合成和非线性光学性质的研究

合成了一个新的双光子吸收聚合引发剂,9-乙基-3-{2-[4-(2-吡啶基-4-乙烯基)-苯基]-乙烯基}-9氢咔唑 (EPVPVC),用¹H NMR谱、¹³C NMR谱和元素分析进行了表征.测试了紫外吸收光谱、单光子荧光光谱、单光子荧光寿命、单光子荧光量子产率和双光子荧光光谱.量化计算结果表明,EPVPVC的双光子吸收截面为56.6×10^-50 cm⁴·s·photon^-1.在780 nm的飞秒脉冲激光激发下,EPVPVC发出较强的上转换荧光,荧光峰位于536 nm.用EPVPVC做引发剂,加入丙烯酸酯型齐聚物(cN120C80),在脉冲宽度为200 fs,重复频率为76 MHz,中心波长为780 nm 飞秒脉冲激光下,制作了一个三维周期性微结构.在理论计算的基础上,定性地探讨了其可能的聚合机理.     

氧化-还原引发剂引发苯乙烯超浓乳液聚合的研究

以过氧化羟基二异丙苯(CHPO)和四乙烯五胺(TEPA)为氧化-还原引发剂,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为乳化剂,十六醇(CA)为共乳化剂,通过超浓乳液聚合方法制备了聚苯乙烯乳胶粒子.探讨了乳化剂浓度及配比、分散相体积分数、引发剂种类、引发剂浓度及配比和温度等各因素对乳液稳定性、聚合速率、乳胶粒子大小、形态及分布的影响.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了乳胶粒子的形态,用粘度法测定了聚苯乙烯的粘均分子量.考察了苯乙烯进行超浓乳液聚合的反应动力学,求得在30℃时聚合速率方程为Rp=K[M]^0.36[I]^0.49[E]^0.72,表观活化能为19.72kJ/mol.所得乳胶粒子的直径在0.1～0.3μm之间,粘均分子量在2×10⁶～4×10⁶之间.为低温下实现超浓乳液薄层聚合提供了参考数据.     

双光子聚合引发剂BVPDA的合成、结构及非线性光学性质

合成了双光子聚合引发剂{4-[2-(4-溴苯基)-乙烯基]苯基}-二苯基胺(BVPDA),并测定了其晶体结构.结果表明,BVPDA为三斜晶系,P1空间群,a=1.0834(3)_nm,b=1.5625(2)_nm,c=1.9640(2)_nm,α=92.807(8)°,β=103.647(10)°,γ=106.676(13)°,V=3.0705(10)_nm³,Z=6,T=293(2)K,Dc=1.383g/cm³,R₁=0.0735,wR=0.1063.用¹HNMR谱、¹³CNMR谱及元素分析进行了表征.测试了紫外吸收光谱、单光子荧光光谱、单光子荧光寿命和双光子荧光光谱.在760nm的飞秒脉冲激光激发下,BVP-DA发出较强的上转换荧光,荧光峰位于462nm.以BVPDA作引发剂,加入丙烯酸酯型齐聚物(CN120C80),用Ti:sapphire飞秒激光器作光源,制作了一个三维周期性微结构.     

反应型受阻胺-4-丙烯酰胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(AATP)熔融本体光聚合反应动力学研究

合成了反应型受阻胺4-丙烯酰胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(AATP),用FTIR、¹H-NMR和元素分析对其结构和组成进行了综合表征.以AATP为聚合单体,利用光-DSC技术研究了AATP熔融本体光聚合反应动力学.结果表明:AATP光聚合的诱导时间随引发剂浓度和辐照光强增加而缩短,光聚合速率随温度的升高而减小;在聚合初期,AATP光聚合速率分别与引发剂浓度和辐照光强的平方根呈较好的线性增长关系.并用稳态和非稳态相结合的光-DSC方法测定了AATP光聚合过程的动力学参数:链增长速率常数k_p=2.22-7.96×10²L/mol·s、链终止速率常数k_t=0.08-2.67×10⁴L/mol·s、表观活化能为E_p-E_t/2=-7.70-13.36kJ/mol、指前因子A_p/A_t^0.5=0.076-0.333(L/mol·s)0.5,k_p和k_t在聚合初期均随单体转化率的提高而增大,但kt增加的幅度远大于k_p.     

ABA型聚L-丙氨酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成及其表征

利用L-α-丙氨酸和三聚光气反应制备了N-羧基-α-丙氨酸-环内酸酐(NCA).以聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料.制备了端氨基聚乙二醇(PEG-NH₂),并以此作为引发剂,引发NCA开环聚合.合成了不同组成和分子量的聚L-丙氨酸-聚乙二醇(PLAA-PEG-PLAA)嵌段共聚物.利用IR、¹H NMR、DSC、WAXD、CD等方法对共聚物结构进行了表征.结果表明,PEG-NH₂引发NCA开环聚合得到的是嵌段共聚物,通过¹H NMR谱得到共聚物组成及数均分子量;引入PEG的结果使聚L-丙氨酸的亲水性有所改善;CD测诚结果表明共聚物在水溶液中主链主要以α-螺旋构象存在.     

3-叠氮甲基-3-硝酸酯甲基环氧丁烷的聚合反应研究

改进了单体3-叠氮甲基-3-硝酸酯甲基环氧丁烷的合成路线,以三氟化硼·乙醚为催化剂,1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,研究了该含能单体的开环聚合反应,得到了分子量可预计、分散度较小的聚合物.采用FTIR、¹HNMR和GPC对聚合物结构进行了表征.     

2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-S-三嗪光引发剂的合成及其光聚合动力学性能研究

以对甲氧基苯甲腈和三氯乙腈为原料合成了光引发剂2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-S-三嗪(MBTT),通过傅里叶红外光谱仪、核磁共振仪和紫外吸收光谱对所合成的产物结构进行了表征.并利用实时红外(RT-IR)对该引发剂进行了光聚合反应动力学研究,考察了单体、引发剂浓度和光强对引发速率及单体转化率的影响.结果表明,MBTT是一种高效的紫外光引发剂,在引发剂用量为0.1%时光聚合的单体转化率就能达到90%;随着光强的增大,单体的双键转化率和最大反应速率都增大,诱导期缩短;双丙烯酸酯类单体的双键转化率比三丙烯酸酯类单体的双键转化率要高.     

可见光敏引发聚合甲基丙烯酸甲酯的动力学研究

本论文用膨胀计法进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯在氯仿溶液中可见光光敏引发聚合动力学的研究。此光敏引发体系由光敏剂1,3,3-三甲基-2-[5-(1,3,3-三甲基-2-吲哚叉)-1,3-戊二烯]吲哚碘盐(简称NK-529),引发剂邻氯代六芳基双咪唑(简称o-Cl-HABI),氢给体3-巯基-4-甲基-4氢-1,2,4-三氮唑(简称MTA)组成。研究结果表明,此光敏聚合体系的光聚合速率与各组分的动力学方程如下:R_p=K(NK-529)^0.51(HABI)^0.41(MTA)^0.36(MMA)^1.0.     

芳氧基钇在DMF中引发丙烯腈聚合的动力学研究

用单组分三(2,6-二叔丁基4甲基苯氧基)钇配合物[Y(OAr)3]引发丙烯腈聚合,发现介质对聚合反应的影响很大,在介电常数较大的极性溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,AN聚合反应的活性较高,在50℃下聚合3h,丙烯腈聚合反应转化率达到94%,所得聚丙烯腈(PAN)含52%间规结构.在DMF中聚合反应速率与单体、引发剂的浓度分别呈一级关系,丙烯腈聚合反应的表观活化能为22.1kJ·mol-1.     

Steady-state kinetics during initial stages of radical bulk polymerization of acrylonitrile

The bulk polymerization of acrylonitrile with azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator and FeCl₃ as terminator was studied at 60°C. It was found that the reaction proceeds like solution polymerization and does not exhibit the familiar autoacceleration found in bulk polymerizations. It was concluded that a steady-state condition of growing radical chains exists. Initial rates, to approximately 3% conversion, were measured dilatometrically and were found to be proportional to the ratio of the initiator to terminator concentration, where this ratio is smaller than 3 : 1 and are due to the predominance of the FeCl₃ monoradical termination mechanism. On increasing the ratio of initiator to FeCl₃, the usual biradical termination mechanism becomes important as well. Assuming that the ratio of propagation constant to termination constant in this work is similar to the knwon ratio in DMF solution, a monomer “effective” concentration in the bulk of about 20% of the nominal concentration of pure acrylonitrile (14.38 mole/l. at 60°C) can be calculated. This result is interpreted by a molecular mechanism for the bulk polymerization of acrylonitrile.     

Tetramethylguanidino‐tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine: A novel ligand for copper‐based atom transfer radical polymerization

With CuBr/tetramethylguanidino‐tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TMG₃‐TREN) as the catalyst, the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate, n‐butyl acrylate, styrene, and acrylonitrile was conducted. The catalyst concentration of 0.5 equiv with respect to the initiator was enough to prepare well‐defined poly(methyl methacrylate) in bulk from methyl methacrylate monomer. For ATRP of n‐butyl acrylate, the catalyst behaved in a manner similar to that reported for CuBr/tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine. A minimum of 0.05 equiv of the catalyst with respect to the initiator was required to synthesize the homopolymer of the desired molecular weight and low polydispersity at the ambient temperature. In the case of styrene, ATRP with this catalyst occurred only when a 1:1 catalyst/initiator ratio was used in the presence of Cu(0) in ethylene carbonate. The polymerization of acrylonitrile with CuBr/TMG₃‐TREN was conducted successfully with a catalyst concentration of 50% with respect to the initiator in ethylene carbonate. End‐group analysis for the determination of the high degree of functionality of the homopolymers synthesized by the new catalyst was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The isotactic parameter calculated for each system indicated that the homopolymers were predominantly syndiotactic, signifying that the tacticity remained the same, as already reported for ATRP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5906–5922, 2005     

用硅烯醚型引发剂进行的基团转移聚合

本文报道了一类硅烯醚型的基团转移聚合引发剂。并以负离子和HgI_2等为催化剂,进行了甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯的基团转移聚合。得到了实测分子量和理论分子量相近且分散性较小的浆合物。进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯的活性聚合以及其与丙烯酸酯的A-B-A型三嵌段共聚,证实具有活性高分子的特征。探讨了该类引发剂引发基团转移聚合的机理,研究了催化剂和引发剂的配合选择性以及催化剂和引发剂的摩尔比对产物分子量和转化率的影响,发现该类引发剂引发的基团转移聚合是一恒速聚合反应。     

Synthesis of Reactive-Ended Acrylic Polymers by Group Transfer Polymerization: Initiation with Silyl Ketene Acetals

Living methacrylate polymers are obtained at room temperature and above by initiation with ketene silyl acetals in the presence of a soluble bifluoride catalyst. During the polymerization, a trialkylsilyl group is transferred from the living chain end to incoming monomer. The new procedure has thus been named group transfer polymerization (GTP). Monodisperse polymers with predetermined molecular weights as high as 100,000 can be obtained by adjusting the monomer/initiator ratio. Telechelic poly(methyl methacrylate) with hydroxy or carboxy ends can be obtained by using an initiator containing a protected hydroxy or carboxy group and coupling the resulting living polymer.     

(甲基)丙烯酸酯的基团转移聚合

<正> 基团转移聚合方法自问世以来,由于其突出的优点,受到日益广泛的重视。本文来用丙二酸二乙酯的硅烯醇醚类引发剂3-乙氧基-3-三甲基硅氧基丙烯酸乙酯 (CH_3CH_2O_2CCH=C(OCH_2CH_3)OSiMe_3)和亲核型催化剂四乙基二氯化氢氨((CH_3CH_2)_4NHF_2)进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸乙酯(EA)和丙烯酸甲酯(MA)的基因转移聚合。得到了近     

二过碘酸合银(II)氧化还原引发丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙1010上接枝共聚合反应的研究

二过碘酸合银（ＩＩ）氧化还原引发丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙１０１０上接枝共聚合反应的研究刘盈海刘卫宏赵敏孟劲功（河北大学化学系保定０７１００２）关键词二过碘酸合银（ＩＩ）钾，尼龙１０１０，氧化还原引发，丙烯酸甲酯，接枝共聚目前Ｃｅ（ＩＶ）被认为是一种十分...     

Acrylonitrile polymerization by Cy3PCuMe and (Bipy)2FeEt2

Cy(3)PCuMe (1) undergoes reversible ligand redistribution at low temperature in solution to form the tight ion pair [Cu(PCy(3))(2)][CuMe(2)] (3). The structure of 3 was assigned on the basis of (i) the stoichiometry of the 1 = 3 equilibrium, (ii) the observation of a triplet for the PCy(3) C1 (13)C NMR resonance due to virtual coupling to two (31)P nuclei, and (iii) reverse synthesis of 1 by combining separately generated Cu(PCy(3))(2)(+) and CuMe(2)(-) ions. Complex 1 and [Cu(PCy(3))(2)][PF(6)] (5) coordinate additional PCy(3) to form (Cy(3)P)(2)CuMe and [Cu(PCy(3))(3)][PF(6)], respectively, while 3 does not. Complex 1, free PCy(3), and (bipy)(2)FeEt(2) (2) each initiate the polymerization of acrylonitrile. In each case, the polyacrylonitrile contains branches that are characteristic of an anionic polymerization mechanism. The major initiator in acrylonitrile polymerization by 1 is PCy(3), which is liberated from 1. A transient iron hydride complex is proposed to initiate acrylonitrile polymerization by 2.     

催化剂对基团转移聚合的影响

本文研究了催化剂的种类和用量对硅烯醚型引发剂引发的基团转移聚合的影响。发现四丁基二苯甲酸氢铵(Bu_4NH(C_6H_5CO_2)_2,TBABB)和HsI_2的催化效果较好。只需引发剂的4％的HgI_2即可使MMA的基团转移聚合达到完全转化。认为有效的氧负离子催化剂应由较稳定的铵正离子和电负性较大的氧负离子所组成。过量的催化剂不利于基团转移聚合的进行。考察了TBABB催化剂对温度的依赖性及其浓度对聚合速率,分子量和分子量分布,转化率的影响。