定热流加热管湍流入口段的耦合热流分析

对圆管内物性随温度变化的吸收-各向同性散射介质的湍流入口段,数值研究了定热流加热下辐射与湍流正在发展流耦合换热的稳态热流特征．采用低雷诺数k-ε模型与SIMPLEC算法求解湍流流动与对流换热,采用蒙特卡罗法求解辐射换热;根据耦合换热温度场,采用等权抽样的蒙特卡罗法计算辐射热流。通过模拟计算,给出了介质内的耦合换热辐射热流与导热热流分布。通过分析介质光学厚度、散射反照率、壁面黑度对热流的影响,得出一些有价值的结论．     

管内两层介质入口段扩散混合的耦合换热研究

对圆管内辐射物性不同的两层介质层流入口段,采用SIMPLEC算法与蒙特卡罗法数值模拟了二维稳态流动与扩散混合时的辐射-对流耦合换热。通过计算,分析了介质层几何参数、介质物性与流动参数对组份分布与耦合换热的影响。结果表明,介质组分的扩散混合对耦合换热存在明显的影响区域,且该影响区大于组分的扩散混合区;外层介质的吸收系数、入口截面的相对厚度对耦合换热的影响基本一致;质扩散系数对耦合换热的影响很小,入口雷诺数的增加会抑制质扩散。     

吸收-透射界面下正弦折射率介质内辐射换热

对具有吸收-透射性边界面的梯度折射率半透明介质层,建立了介质内热辐射传递与边界面辐射换热的数理模型,并采用数值弯曲光线跟踪法求解介质内的热辐射传递。通过数值模拟,分析了正弦折射率下,边界面的反射特性、吸收率以及介质层光学厚度对介质内热辐射平衡温度场及热流分布的影响。结果表明,边界面的反射特性与吸收率对介质内辐射换热均有重要影响,吸收率的影响与边界面反射特性、介质层光学厚度及环境条件相关,呈现特征不同的作用。     

复合肋套管导热和对流耦合换热的数值模拟

在层流范围内,数值模拟了带均布纵肋同心套管内的三维导热和对流耦合换热。结果表明间壁温度沿管长变化 较大且分布呈非线性变化;在通道人口流体内部温度和速度分布呈现层流附面层特征,换热的入口段比例随Re增大而加 大,入口段换热的Nu也随Re增大而加大;换热的Nu随管长增加趋于不变。     

细蛇形管内超临界压力CO_2层流对流换热数值研究

本文对超临界压力CO_2在微细蛇形管内层流对流换热开展了数值模拟研究。研究的蛇形管内径0.5 mm,弯曲半径2 mm,入口雷诺数200~500,压力9 MPa。分析了变物性、浮升力和离心力的影响,对特征截面温度与速度分布进行了详细分析。结果表明:向上流动时,截面温度和速度呈对称分布,水平流动时,对称性消失;截面上两对涡的分布在向上和水平流动时呈现不同特性,换热强化和减弱区域不同。     

再入飞行器流场热辐射输运解算方法库研究

基于若干热辐射输运求解方法的一维辐射平衡和温度间断算例结果的对比分析,提出了一个由离散坐标法、P_1近似和光学厚度极限近似构建的热辐射输运解算方法库,该方法库可与再入飞行器热化学非平衡流场控制方程实现有效耦合模拟。利用该方法库模拟了60 km高空、马赫数35的球头算例,计算表明热辐射对高温流场具有显著的"冷却"作用;辐射传热与对流传热水平相当,流场非耦合热辐射计算的辐射热流将高出耦合计算值27%,此类飞行条件下的数值模拟研究应当考虑热辐射耦合效应。     

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采用FLUENT软件分别对外加均匀横向磁场的等截面三维充分发展液态金属管流的层流模型和低雷诺数湍流Lam/Bremhost(LB)模型进行了数值模拟,分析了外加磁场对普通方管LB模型速度分布和压降的影响。比较在相同哈特曼数下,层流和湍流模型方管截面上速度分布和管道中MHD压降。其中,对电流的计算采用磁感应方程来求得。数值模拟结果证明了用低雷诺数LB湍流模型解决方管磁流体流动的可行性。通过层流模型和湍流模型的对比可知,层流模型有较短的入口长度,但管内流体的压降却很大;而湍流模型管内速度更加平均化,管内压降较小,但管内入口长度较长。     

气动加热下高温陶瓷材料内的瞬态耦合换热

采用控制容积法结合蒙特卡罗法与谱带模型,数值模拟了气动加热下高温陶瓷内的辐射与导热瞬态耦合换热.分析了冷却边界条件、各向同性散射和表面特性对高温陶瓷内瞬态温度分布的影响.结果表明,高温下陶瓷内的辐射换热作用十分明显,陶瓷材料的表面特性对瞬态温度分布影响很大,各向同性散射也有明显影响.     

圆管等壁温振荡流动对流换热理论研究

对等壁温边界条件下圆管内层流振荡流动对流换热问题进行理论推导。在随时间做正弦变化的速度入口条件下,经求解圆管内流体振荡时的能量方程,得到振荡流动圆管内温度场分布的解析解表达式,并利用Matlab对表达式进行直观表示。计算结果表明:等壁温边界条件下速度入口脉冲流动可引起温度随时间波动,波动随无量纲振荡频率和速度振荡幅度增加,换热效果加强,且速度振荡幅度和无量纲振荡频率存在协同作用。     

三维立方体内辐射磁流体流动与传热研究

采用配置点谱方法求解了在存在壁面温差的立体方腔内有外加磁场作用下热辐射对磁流体流动与传热的影响。采用谱投影算法处理速度和压力的耦合,辐射传递方程的角向离散采用球带等差数列微元等分离散坐标(SRAPN)法进行离散,最后在相同的节点下采用配置点谱方法进行求解。在验证数值方法之后,分析了Ha数、介质光学厚度、以及导热辐射参数对等温面、流线投影等的详细影响规律。     

管内耦合换热的辐射热流特征及抽样模式比较

通过数值模拟,研究了圆管层流入口段辐射与对流祸合换热中的辐射热流分布特征,提出并比较了采用蒙特卡罗法计算辐射换热的两种抽样模式。结果表明,在圆管入口段的耦合换热中,同一截面的径向辐射热流密度与轴向辐射热流密度数量级相当,世分布形态差别很大。用蒙特卡罗方法计算辐射换热时,采取等权能束的抽样模式,可消除因抽样能束的能量不同而造成的计算误差、降低计算量、提高计算精度。     

Non-Fourier heat conduction with radiation in an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering medium

This article numerically analyses the combined conductive and radiative heat transfer in an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering medium. The non-Fourier heat conduction equation, which includes the time lag between heat flux and the temperature gradient, is used to model the conductive heat transfer in the medium. It predicts that a temperature disturbance will propagate as a wave at finite speed. The radiative heat transfer is solved using the P₃ approximation method. In addition, the MacCormack's explicit predictor-corrector scheme is used to solve the non-Fourier problem. The effects of radiation including single scattering albedo, conduction-to-radiation parameter, and optical thickness of the medium on the transient and steady state temperature distributions are investigated in detail. Analysis results indicate that the internal radiation in the medium significantly influences the wave nature. The thermal wave nature in the combined non-Fourier heat conduction with radiation is more obvious for large values of conduction-to-radiation parameter, small values of optical thickness and higher scattering medium. The results from non-Fourier-effect equation are also compared to those obtained from the Fourier equation. Non-Fourier effect becomes insignificant as either time increases or the effect of radiation increases.     

The effects of porosity and permeability on fluid flow and heat transfer of multi walled carbon nano-tubes suspended in oil (MWCNT/Oil nano-fluid) in a microchannel filled with a porous medium

The forced convection heat transfer and laminar flow in a two-dimensional microchannel filled with a porous medium is numerically investigated. The nano-particles which have been used are multi walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNT) suspended in oil as the based fluid. The assumption of no-slip condition between the base fluid and nano-particles as well as the thermal equilibrium between them allows us to study the nanofluid in a single phase. The nanofluid flow through the microchannel has been modeled using the Darcy–Forchheimer equation. It is also assumed that there is a thermal equilibrium between the solid phase and the nanofluid for energy transfer. The walls of the microchannel are under the influence of a fluctuating heat flux. Also, the slip velocity boundary condition has been assumed along the walls. The effects of Darcy number, porosity and slip coefficients and Reynolds number on the velocity and temperature profiles and Nusselt number will be studied in this research.     

垂直纵槽管强化膜状冷凝换热研究

用数值方法对饱和蒸汽在纵槽管表面的冷凝换热性能进行了研究。以发展段为主要研究对象,对模型进行了适当的简化,建立了液膜的基本方程,并与二维导热方程耦合,用Runge-Kutta法和有限元法解方程,通过迭代,分别得到了传热量以及最大液膜厚度与坐标z的关系式。最后用文中的分析方法,研究了制冷剂R-113在余弦形纵槽管上的冷凝,并与文献中的实验值做了对比。结果表明,纵槽管的长度(无除液盘时)或除液盘间距应小于最大有效管长,以便纵槽管在温差较大时仍具有较好的换热效果;在温差较小时,数值分析结果与文献中的实验数据吻合较好,证明本文的分析方法具有可行性。     

Flow and heat transfer characteristics over rectangular blocked surfaces

Heat transfer and flow measurements were recorded over blocked surfaces to investigate the effects of flow velocity and block shape on flow separation and heat transfer. The results indicated that the flow separation occurred particularly on the first block and after the last blocks. The flow separation and block thickness resulted in higher turbulence and heat transfer, particularly in laminar flow. The average Stanton number increased as high as 125% in laminar, 80% in transitional, and 50% in turbulent flows above those of flat plate values. A new empirical equation indicated a good agreement with the experimental and numerical results.     

Transient coupled radiation-conduction in infinite semitransparent cylinders

A method is developed to analyze the transient coupled radiation-conduction in infinite semitransparent cylinders surrounded by isothermal black walls. The radiative heat source term is calculated by the radiative transfer coefficients and the transient energy equation is solved by an implicit finite difference method. The radiative transfer coefficients are deduced by use of the ray tracing method in combination with the Hottel and Sarofim zonal method. The effects of the related parameters on the transient radiative heat source and temperature distribution are analyzed. It is found that the peak of the dimensionless radial radiative heat source can be located at the interior shell of the cylinder with small optical thickness when heated by the surrounding irradiation. Treating the volume radiation as a surface radiation will result in large errors of transient temperature distribution for the cylinder with small optical thickness.     

TBAB包络化合物浆水平管内的传热特性研究

TBAB包络化合物浆具有易生成、高潜热及可流动性等特点,是一种良好的蓄冷及潜热输送介质,在中央空调系统中表现出光明的节能前景.本文采用实验方法,研究了B型TBAB包络化合物浆在定热流密度条件下,水平不锈钢管内的对流换热特性,流速涵盖了层流-湍流.通过研究流速V、固相含量X_s对换热系数α的影响,发现"换热降低区"和再层流化现象,得到层流区与湍流区的临界线.最后整理出对流换热的无量纲准则式,其计算结果与实验结果的相对误差在±20%以内.     

圆管层流脉冲流动对流换热数值分析

对等热流和等壁温边界条件下圆管内层流脉冲流动对流换热问题进行了数值模拟。在等热流边界条件下的数值计算结果与理论解吻合很好。计算结果表明:在等热流和等壁温边界下脉冲流动可引起速度、温度以及努塞尔数随时间波动,振幅越大,脉冲频率越小,波动越大。但它们的时均值均等于在相同雷诺数下稳态流动的值,脉冲流动不能强化换热。