低强度飞秒激光激发下CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点的荧光上转换研究

利用400 nm和800 nm不同波长的低强度飞秒激光,对CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点溶胶进行激发,研究其稳态和时间分辨荧光性质.800 nm飞秒激光激发下,CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点产生上转换发光现象,上转换荧光峰与400 nm激发下的荧光峰相比蓝移最多达15 nm,而且蓝移值与荧光量子产率有关.变功率激发确认激发光功率与上转换荧光强度间满足二次方关系,时间分辨荧光的研究表明荧光动力学曲线服从双e指数衰减.提出表面态辅助的双光子吸收模型是低激发强度上转换发光的主要机理.CdTe和CdT 关键词： CdTe量子点 CdTe/CdS核壳量子点 时间分辨荧光 上转换荧光     

ZnS/CdS/ZnS量子点量子阱的荧光衰减

采用反胶束方法制备了ZnS/CdS/ZnS量子点量子阱，并对其光谱性质进行了研究。结果表明所制得的量子点量子阱尺寸分布均匀，平均粒径为4.5nm，发光峰位于515nm左右，归属于CdS体内的施主－受主对复合。ZnS/CdS/ZnS量子点量子阱中CdS的发光比核－壳结构的ZnS/CdS量子点增强了近四倍，荧光寿命也有所增长。     

谷胱甘肽包被的CdSe/CdS量子点的直接水相制备及其对人血淋巴细胞的标记成像

首次用谷胱甘肽(GSH)作为稳定剂,在水溶液中制备了稳定地发射绿色荧光和橙色荧光的两种 CdSe/CdS核/壳结构的纳米量子点。用紫外-可见分光光度和荧光光谱方法研究了CdSe/CdS量子点的发光特性。透射电镜(TEM)结果表明CdSe/CdS量子点近似球形,在水中分散性良好,比CdSe量子点具有更优异的发光特性,发射光谱和吸收光谱都有红移现象。将CdSe/CdS量子点与鼠抗人CD3抗体连接,制备了水溶性CdSe/CdS-CD3复合物探针,对人血淋巴细胞进行标记和成像。结果表明用该探针对人血淋巴细胞成像清晰,其荧光在30 min的连续蓝光激发下无明显衰退,而FITC荧光在20 min内基本完全猝灭。     

ZnO纳米棒/CdS量子点的制备及紫外-可见探测性能研究

本文采用水热法在ITO衬底上制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后用化学水浴沉积法在纳米棒上制备CdS量子点。分别利用SEM和XRD对样品形貌和晶体结构进行表征。结果表明,球状的CdS量子点均匀地包覆在ZnO纳米棒表面,且结晶质量较好。基于ZnO纳米棒和ZnO纳米棒/CdS量子点制备的探测器对紫外光都具有很好的响应,然而与ZnO纳米棒探测器相比,ZnO纳米棒/CdS量子点探测器在相同条件下的光电流提高了7倍,为0. 52 mA。此外,ZnO纳米棒/CdS量子点探测器对绿光和蓝光也表现出了很好的响应。     

CdSe/CdS核壳量子点复合材料合成及其在白光发光二极管中的应用

采用有机化学合成法,利用正三辛基膦(TOP)辅助的快速注入生长方法,改进传统的制备工艺,实现了CdSe/CdS厚壳层核壳(8.6 ML)量子点复合材料的合成制备,并对所合成的核、核壳量子点及其复合材料的晶格结构、形貌特点与发光性质进行了XRD、TEM、SEM、UV-Vis、PL表征和红光补偿效果测试。测试结果表明,CdSe核具有立方纤锌矿晶格结构;CdSe/CdS量子点复合材料直径为45~75μm,呈菱形规则形貌,且颗粒分散性良好。采用该方法,可以提高量子产率,产率由4%(CdSe核)升至48%(CdSe/CdS核壳量子点);可以增强激子态发光能力,CdSe/CdS核壳量子点复合材料的荧光强度约为CdSe核的13倍。将该材料与YAG∶Ce~(3+)黄色荧光粉组合应用,获得了高光效(148.29 lm/W)、高显色指数(Ra为90.1,R9为97.0)的白光发光二级管,表明按照上述方法获得的CdSe/CdS核壳量子点复合材料在白光发光二极管中深红光波段具有较好的补偿效果。     

CdS量子点超声水相制备、表征及与萘的相互作用

在室温条件下,用超声水相制备CdS量子点(QDs),并用透射电镜、X射线衍射、紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法等手段表征.探讨了初始pH、反应物配比、超声时间、熟化时间等因素对CdS量子点制备的影响.初步研究了该方法制备的CdS量子点与萘的相互作用,线性范围为0.002-0.025mg/mL,r<'2>=0.9965.CdS量子...     

CdSe/CdS量子点聚合物复合材料的水致荧光可逆特性

量子点由于其优异的光学和电学特性,在新型光电器件领域是一种极具前景的明星材料。本文通过将核壳CdSe/CdS量子点封装到聚二甲基硅氧烷-聚脲（PDMS-PUa）聚合物基质中制备CdSe/CdS@PDMS-PUa复合材料,发现了其光致发光强度和荧光量子产率的水致增强现象,经荧光衰减曲线和漫反射光谱分析,解释了该现象是来自于水中的H₃O⁺和OH^-对量子点表面缺陷的有效钝化,使得量子点的晶胞更趋于理想化。进一步通过实验发现,当复合材料从水中取出干燥后,由于量子点表面缺陷态又重新暴露,光致发光强度和荧光量子产率又恢复到初始值。受所发现的荧光可逆现象的启发,本文基于CdSe/CdS@PDMS-PUa复合材料提出了一种具有荧光响应的液体高度传感器,通过荧光亮度的变化可以判断容器内液体的高度值。这些发现不仅揭示了CdSe/CdS量子点水致荧光可逆特性,同时拓宽了量子点聚合物复合材料在光电领域的应用,具有重要的科学意义和应用前景。     

飞秒激光烧蚀齿曲面的复耦合模型及形貌影响

针对飞秒激光烧蚀齿曲面过程中能量累积效应与变离焦效应对齿面形貌与烧蚀尺寸的影响问题,建立飞秒激光烧蚀复耦合模型,通过有限差分法求解得到激光烧蚀面齿轮材料18Cr2Ni4WA的电子与晶格在不同的脉宽与能量密度下的温度变化分布,对烧蚀凹坑的深度及半径进行仿真。考虑激光束在加工齿面时,与被加工齿面之间存在倾斜角,根据光斑能量分布方式得到齿面底角与激光能量的定量关系,结合焦半径与折射率的变化,对飞秒激光烧蚀齿面深度、半径与形貌进行研究。通过实验得到当激光能量密度为1.783 J/cm²且被加工齿面底角过大时,激光能量降低烧蚀过程只发生在材料表面;当能量密度为2.376 J/cm²、激光脉冲数为3 000时,烧蚀凹坑的微结构细密良好。研究结果表明飞秒激光烧蚀曲面时,激光有效能量随着倾斜角的变化降低,同时激光光斑的能量分布影响了烧蚀凹坑深度的变化,可为提高飞秒激光加工齿曲面质量提供参考。     

飞秒激光烧蚀金属靶的冲击温度

在明确飞秒激光与物质相互作用过程冲击温度概念的基础上, 讨论了飞秒激光烧蚀铝靶和铜靶过程中的冲击温度与其他物理量的关系, 利用飞秒激光烧蚀金属的双温模型提取了冲击温度的绝对值, 基于非傅里叶热传导模型计算了冲击温度的分布. 此项研究结果对飞秒激光安全加工含能材料有借鉴意义. 关键词： 飞秒激光 含能材料 烧蚀 冲击温度     

PMP泡沫的飞秒激光烧蚀及切割方法

对密度为90 mg/cm3的PMP泡沫材料的飞秒激光烧蚀结果进行了分析,推导出该材料在脉宽50 fs、波长800 nm、重复频率为1000 Hz的飞秒激光作用下的蚀除阈值为0.91 J/cm2（100个激光脉冲）,获得了烧蚀直径分别随激光功率、脉冲数及聚焦物镜数值孔径的变化规律。相同飞秒激光加工系统下,对比了铜箔上获得的烧蚀形状,确定了PMP泡沫材料本身的多孔洞及其分布不均匀是造成烧蚀区域的形状不规则的重要因素。PMP泡沫在较高能量或是较长时间的飞秒激光作用下,烧蚀区域发生碳化的原因是由热作用引发的。提出了一种基于激光束耦合的飞秒激光切割厚度大于1 mm的薄膜-泡沫材料的方法,并获得了切割厚度大于1.5 mm、切割侧壁与光束光轴夹角小于5、切割面整洁的薄片。     

Nanoparticle formation during laser ablation of solids in liquids

The experimental data on the generation of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles during their laser ablation in liquids is reviewed. The dependence of the morphology of noble metal nanoparticles on the liquid type and laser parameters is discussed. The data on the kinetics of the formation of alloyed Au-Ag nanoparticles under laser irradiation of a mixture of colloid solutions of individual nanoparticles are presented. The effect of femtosecond laser beam self-action during metal ablation in liquids via the second harmonic generation at Ag nanoclusters is discussed. The data on the generation of core-shell nanoparticles during laser ablation of alloys and in the presence of the chemical interaction of formed nanoparticles with surrounding liquid are presented. It was shown that laser ablation of CdS and ZnSe crystals leads to the formation of quantum dots of these semiconductors in solution. The parameters controlling the properties of nanoparticles during ablation in liquids and possible applications of the method are discussed.     

Direct synthesis of luminescent SiC quantum dots in water by laser ablation

Direct synthesis of luminescent SiC quantum dots in pure deionized water by laser ablation is reported. A zeta‐potential of –49 mV, higher than for nanoparticles produced by electrochemical etching, suggests a higher colloidal stability of the laser‐produced nanoparticles. IR spectroscopy shows that surface charges related to carboxylate anions ensure long‐term stability of the colloidal solutions based on the as‐prepared SiC quantum dots. Main radiative channel at room temperature corresponds to the recombination of quantumly confined photogenerated charge carriers. Emission from the nanoparticles is mainly centred at 2.75 eV regardless of laser power used for ablation. According to photoluminescence spectra, a partial transformation of the SiC quantum dots from cubic to hexagonal crystalline arrangement is supposed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical properties of 3D photonic crystals filled with CdSe/CdS quantum dots

We study 3D globular photonic crystals based on synthetic opals filled with semiconductor core/shell quantum dots CdSe/CdS by measuring the photoluminescence spectra. The spectra were obtained using 369, 384, and 408 nm LED light excitation and involving a pulse YAG laser operating at 365 and 266 nm. The study shows that the photoluminescence spectra of opal filled with CdSe/CdS changes sufficiently in comparison with spectra taken for pure opal and a reference colloidal solution of CdSe/Cds quantum dots in toluene. Such opals may be used to fabricate a narrow-band light sources.     

Enhancement of photoluminescence of the CdSe/CdS quantum dots on quartz substrates in the presence of silver nanoparticles

Multilayer systems consisting of layers of hybrid quantum dots are fabricated. The quantum dots with the CdSe/CdS core/shell structure are chemically synthesized and deposited on the surface of quartz glass that contains ion-synthesized silver nanoparticles in the near-surface region. Silver nanoparticles exhibit optical absorption owing to the localized surface plasmon resonance. Variations in the photoluminescence intensity of the layer related to an increase in the distance from the quartz surface with metal nanoparticles are studied. An increase in the photoluminescence intensity is observed under excitation in the spectral region of the plasmon absorption of silver nanoparticles. An optimal distance between the layers is determined to maximize the enhancement of the photoluminescence of quantum dots in the presence of the near field of metal nanoparticles.     

水溶性CdTe/CdS纳米晶表面SiO2壳层的反相胶束法包覆

"提出了一种水相中制备CdTe/CdS核壳结构纳米粒子的方法.用Te粉作为碲源,用Na2S作为硫源,在50 ℃下制备了CdTe/CdS核壳结构纳米粒子. 用紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析了CdS壳层对CdTe核的影响. 随CdS壳层厚度的增加,紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱均发生了红移. CdS壳层厚度较薄时,CdTe/CdS纳米晶的荧光强度较CdTe纳米粒子有显著提高;而CdS壳层厚度较厚时,CdTe/CdS纳米晶的荧光强度会逐渐降低. 用反相胶束法在CdTe/CdS核壳结构纳米粒子的表面包被一层SiO2,     

Nano‐Ruby: A Promising Fluorescent Probe for Background‐Free Cellular Imaging

Bioprobes based on fluorescent ruby nanoparticles, which are suitable for ultrasensitive imaging, are reported. A stable aqueous/buffer colloid, permitting facile conjugation to proteins, is produced by femtosecond laser ablation of ruby and the nanoparticles (mean size 17 nm) are photostable, with long lifetime (1–4 ms) 694 nm emission. With time‐gating complete (>20 dB) suppression of cell autofluorescence and suppression of exogenous fluorophores is observed. Nanoparticles are imaged in as‐grown cells and those immunolabeled with quantum dots. Immunoassay binding to target biomolecules is also demonstrated.     

Photoinduced Degradation of the Optical Properties of Colloidal Ag<Subscript>2</Subscript>S and CdS Quantum Dots Passivated by Thioglycolic Acid

The results of studying degradation of the optical properties of colloidal Ag₂S and CdS quantum dots (QDs) 2.6–3.2 nm in size passivated by thioglycolic acid (TGA) are presented. The photoluminescence intensity of colloidal Ag₂S QDs has been found to decrease under laser irradiation at a wavelength of 445 nm, beginning with the effective power of 10 mW. The observed effect is interpreted as a photochemical reaction of formation of new nonradiative-recombination channels in Ag₂S QDs upon excitation. It is established for colloidal CdS QDs passivated by TGA that a decrease in the optical density in the entire absorption spectrum and the luminescence intensity is accompanied by precipitation of the colloidal particles in a cell and related to photodegradation of the passivating shell.     

Optical and IR study of CdS nanoparticles dispersed in a new confined p-phenylenevinylene

In the present study we have synthesized CdS semiconducting quantum dots by reverse micelle method using dodecanthiol (C₁₂H₂₆S) as the capping agent. The synthetic medium consists of a quaternary water/Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/buta-1-ol/hexane microemulsion. The size of the particles was controlled by changing the molar ratio W=[H₂O]/[SdS], where [H₂O] and [SdS] are the molar concentrations in hexane of water and SdS respectively. The CdS nanoparticles were embedded in a new PPV derivate named Fluorinated Bisphenol A P-phenylenevinylene (BPAF-PPV). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed a strong interaction of thiol groups with CdS nanoparticles. Blue shift of the optical absorption onset is observed due to quantum size effect. The band gap and particle sizes of the nanoparticles were deduced from optical absorption spectra and the use of an effective mass approximation (EMA) model. Photoluminescence spectroscopy evidenced a charge transfer process via the interface between BPAF-PPV/CdS nanoparticles.     

Optical and photoluminescent properties of nanomaterials based on cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and polyethylene

The spectral characteristics of absorption and photoluminescence of synthetic composite materials based on cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and polyethylene are studied in the visible and near-IR wavelength ranges. It is shown that the quantum efficiency of a material with CdS nanoparticles about 6 nm in size in a matrix of high-pressure polyethylene is the highest. The estimation of the photoluminescence linewidth shows that the linewidth of this material is the smallest, amounting to 0.55 eV, which indicates that the structure of these nanoparticles is more perfect.