Asymmetric diethylzinc addition and phenyl transfer to aldehydes using chiral cis-cyclopropane-based amino alcohols

A new series of amino alcohols with a chiral cyclopropane backbone have been developed and used in the catalytic asymmetric diethylzinc addition and phenyl transfer to various types of aldehydes. These cyclopropane-based chiral amino alcohols show high enantioselectivity in the addition of organozincs to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. For diethylzinc addition to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, up to 97% ee and 93% ee are obtained, respectively. For the phenyl transfer to aromatic aldehydes, the best enantioselectivity was 89% ee.     

Highly enantioselective allylation of aldehydes catalyzed by indium(III)-PYBOX complex

A chiral indium(III)-PYBOX complex prepared from indium triflate and chiral PYBOX has been discovered to effect high enantioselectivities in the addition of allyltributyl stannane to aldehydes. The allylation of a variety of aromatic, alpha,beta-unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes resulted in good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 94% ee).     

Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Using SPINOL Derivatives

Lewis acid catalyzed enantioselective carbon-carbon bond formation is one of the most interesting challenges in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. A convenient route for this synthesis is the addition of organozinc to aldehydes.[1]1,1'-Spirobiindane-7,7'-diol (SPINOL), a new reported C2 symmetrical diol, was recently proven to be an excellent framework for chiral ligands.[2] In this paper, interestingly, we describe the preparation of SPINOL derivatives and application of these ligands to asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes as model reaction. Previously, an improved method for the resolution of C2-symmetric spirocyclic SPINOL was presented with crude menthyl chloroformate as resolving reagent.[3] Then (R)-SPINOL with C2-symmetric spirocyclic framework was applied in the asymmetric diethylzinc addition to aromatic aldehydes, which induced high conversions and moderate enantioselectivities for the production of chiral secondary alcohols. Further work of other SPINOL derivative ligands for asymmetric diethylzinc addition to aromatic aldehydes and developing further new SPINOL-based Lewis acid catalyzed asymmetric synthesis are underway.     

A homochiral porous metal-organic framework for highly enantioselective heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis

A homochiral porous noninterpenetrating metal-organic framework (MOF), 1, was constructed by linking infinite 1D [Cd(mu-Cl)2]n zigzag chains with axially chiral bipyridine bridging ligands containing orthogonal secondary functional groups. The secondary chiral dihydroxy groups accessible via the large open channels in 1 were utilized to generate a heterogeneous asymmetric catalyst for the addition of diethyzinc to aromatic aldehydes to afford chiral secondary alcohols at up to 93% enantiomeric excess (ee). Control experiments with dendritic aromatic aldehydes of different sizes indicate that the heterogeneous asymmetric catalyst derived from 1 is both highly active and enantioselective as a result of the creation of readily accessible, uniform active catalyst sites inside the porous MOF.     

Catalytic asymmetric allylation of aldehydes via a chiral indium(III) complex

A chiral indium complex has been discovered to effect high enantioselectivities in the addition of allyltributyl stannanes to aldehydes. The allylation of a variety of aromatic, alpha,beta-unsaturated and aliphatic aldehydes resulted in good yields and high enantioselectivities (90-96% ee).     

Catalytic enantioselective allylation of aldehydes via a moisture-tolerant chiral BINOL-In(III) complex

A moisture-tolerant chiral indium complex has been developed to effect good enantioselectivities in the addition of allyltributylstannanes to aldehydes. The allylation of a variety of aromatic, α,β-unsaturated and aliphatic aldehydes resulted in both moderate to good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 86% ee).     

Lewis base activation of lewis acids. Addition of silyl ketene acetals to aldehydes

The weak Lewis acid silicon tetrachloride can be activated by catalytic amounts of the chiral bisphosphoramide (R,R)-3 to form a highly reactive, chiral trichlorosilyl cation which is an extremely effective promoter of aldol addition reactions between aldehydes and silyl ketene acetals. The tert-butyldimethylsilyl ketene acetal of methyl acetate adds nearly instantaneously to aromatic and olefinic aldehydes as well as aliphatic aldehydes (albeit more slowly) with excellent enantioselectivity. The homologous tert-butyldimethylsilyl ketene acetal of tert-butyl propanoate adds with nearly exclusive anti diastereoselectivity to a similar range of aldehydes also with excellent enantioselectivity. The origin of the slower reaction rate with aliphatic aldehydes is revealed to be the formation of chlorosilyl ether adducts.     

Zinc complexes of chiral phenols as catalysts for enantioselective addition of organozinc reagents to aldehydes

A class of zinc (II) chelates with chiral tertiary amino phenolic alcohols serve as effective catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes with predictable absolute stereochemistry.     

Enantioselective additions of diethylzinc and diphenylzinc to aldehydes using 2-dialkyl-aminomethyl-2'-hydroxy- 1,1'-binaphthyls

[reaction: see text] A set of 2-dialkylaminomethyl-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyls was prepared and used in the catalytic asymmetric additions of diethylzinc and diphenylzinc to various types of aldehydes. These binaphthyl-based axially chiral amino alcohols show high enantioselectivity in the addition of organozincs to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.     

Metal-free catalytic enantioselective silylation of aromatic aldehydes in water

One-step access to chiral α-hydroxysilanes by metal-free catalytic enantioselective silylation of aromatic aldehydes in water was achieved for the first time.     

Synthesis of new alkoxy/sulfonate-substituted carbene precursors derived from [2.2]paracyclophane and their application in the asymmetric arylation of aldehydes

A series of novel planar chiral alkoxy/sulfonate-substituted carbene precursors have been designed and synthesized. They were used as N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to aromatic aldehydes, affording chiral diarylmethanols with high yields and moderate enantioselectivities.     

Polystyrene-supported amino alcohol ligands for the heterogeneous asymmetric addition of phenyl zinc reagents to aldehydes

A family of polystyrene-supported amino alcohols, characterized by a high catalytic activity in alkyl transfer from zinc to formyl groups has been successfully tested in the enantioselective addition of phenyl zinc reagents to aldehydes to afford chiral diarylmethanols. Enantioselectivities higher than 90% (mean ee 90.5%; eight examples) are recorded with aromatic aldehydes in what represents the first successful use of heterogeneous, polymeric reagents for enantiocontrol in the phenylation of aldehydes.     

手性氨基酸酰胺催化二乙基锌与芳香醛不对称加成反应

将由磺酰化氨基酸和长链的含甲氧基官能团的胺制备的(S)-N-(4-甲氧基苯乙基)-3-苯基-2-(对甲基苯磺酰胺)丙酰胺(1d)手性配体用于催化二乙基锌与系列芳香醛对映选择性加成反应.15 mol%该催化剂能够对含有吸电子基团、供电子基团及不同位阻的芳香醛均有较好的效果,能够在比较温和的条件下获得高达87%ee和中等程度的产率.     

手性氨基二醇的合成及其在二乙基锌对醛不对称加成反应中的应用

手性配体催化的烷基锌试剂对醛的不对称加成反应是合成光学活性二级醇的重要方法 [1] ,1 0多年来 ,人们对其进行了深入的研究 ,并取得了很大进展 .其中大部分工作是设计如β-氨基醇等新的手性配体 .此外 ,文献 [2～ 6]还报道了氨基二醇在这类反应中具有手性诱导效果 .为进一步研究手性配体催化的二乙基锌对醛的不对称加成反应 ,我们合成了新的手性氨基二醇配体 ,并将其用于该反应中 .1　结果与讨论1 .1　手性配体的合成　以 L -脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 ( 5 )为原料 ,与溴代乙酸乙酯反应生成 ( L ) - N - ( 2 -乙酰乙氧基 )脯氨酸甲酯 ( 6)反应 ,…     

Chiral metallacyclophanes: self-assembly, characterization, and application in asymmetric catalysis

[structure: see text] A family of chiral metallacyclophanes has been readily assembled based on robust Pt-acetylide linkage and characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. The steric congestion around the chiral dihydroxy groups in rigid metallacyclophane 4 prevents their reactions with Ti(O(i)()Pr)(4) to form active catalysts for enantioselective diethylzinc additions to aromatic aldehydes. In contrast, chiral dihydroxy groups in more flexible unclosed metallacyclophane 5 are effective ligands for enantioselective catalytic diethylzinc additions to aromatic aldehydes.     

Highly enantioselective asymmetric reactions involving zinc ions promoted by chiral aziridine alcohols

Enantiomerically pure, chiral secondary and tertiary aziridine alcohols (including the aziridine analogue of ProPhenol—AziPhenol) have proven to be highly effective catalysts for enantioselective asymmetric reactions in the presence of zinc ions, including arylation of aromatic aldehydes, epoxidation of chalcone and addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes, leading to the desired chiral products in high chemical yields (up to 90%) and with ee’s up to 90%. A higher catalytic activity of Prophenol-type bis(aziridine alcohol) in the aforementioned asymmetric transformations has been demonstrated.     

Convenient synthesis of a new class of chiral hydroxymethyldihydrooxazole ligands and their application in asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes

A number of chiral hydroxymethyl-substituted dihydrooxazoles were synthesized from D-or L-mandelic acid and amino alcohols. The chiral ligands thus obtained were tested as catalyst in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes, and the structure-activity relationship was studied. The addition products were characterized by an enantiomeric excess of up to 91%. Published in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 564–568. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Concepts for ligand design in asymmetric catalysis: a study of chiral amino thiol ligands

A series of new chiral sulfur–nitrogen chelate ligands, derived from amino acids, has been synthesised rationally. Fruitless experiments into catalytic asymmetric conjugate additions and desymmetrisation of meso-epoxides led us to analyse our ligands in the catalytic asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. These latter experiments were successful with chiral benzylic alcohols being obtained in up to 82% enantiomeric excess.     

The first catalytic,asymmetric alpha-additions of isocyanides. Lewis-base-catalyzed,enantioselective Passerini-type reactions

The first, catalytic, enantioselective alpha-additions of isocyanides to aldehydes have been demonstrated (Passerini-type reactions). The catalytic system of silicon tetrachloride and a chiral bisphosphoramide 5a provided high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities for the addition of tert-butyl isocyanide to a wide range of aldehydes (aromatic, olefinic, acetylenic, aliphatic). Aqueous workup afforded the alpha-hydroxy tert-butyl amides, whereas methanolic quench followed by basic workup afforded the alpha-hydroxy methyl esters.     

Highly enantioselective phenylacetylene additions to both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes

The readily available and inexpensive BINOL in combination with Ti(O(i)Pr)(4) is found to catalyze the reaction of an alkynylzinc reagent with various types of aldehydes including aliphatic aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes, and other alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes to generate chiral propargyl alcohols with 91-99% ee at room temperature. No previous chiral catalysts have exhibited such a broad scope of enantioselectivity with respect to the type of aldehydes for this reaction. [reaction: see text]