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1.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyanation by Using an Electrophilic Cyanating Agent,N‐Cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS)
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The ability to introduce a nitrile group into a biologically active compound is very useful in organic synthesis, owing to the importance of nitrile groups in transformations and tuning molecular properties. To date, nucleophilic cyanation has been the most used strategy for this purpose, whilst electrophilic cyanation reactions are less developed. Recently, the electrophilic cyanation reagent N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) has received increasing attention, owing to its superior properties in terms of safety and practicality. This Focus Review summarizes recent progress in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cyanation reactions that use NCTS. 相似文献
2.
Christian A. Malapit Dr. Jonathan T. Reeves Dr. Carl A. Busacca Prof. Dr. Amy R. Howell Dr. Chris H. Senanayake 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(1):326-330
An efficient transnitrilation of aryl boronic acids with dimethylmalononitrile (DMMN) is described. This rhodium‐catalyzed electrophilic cyanation presents a novel approach to prepare aryl nitriles by using a carbon‐bound cyanating reagent which undergoes cross‐coupling with the aryl boronic acid. The reaction expands the degree of functional‐group compatibility exhibited by the transnitrilation of aryl Grignard and aryllithium reagents. A variety of aryl boronic acid derivatives and dialkylmalononitriles were amenable to the transnitrilation. 相似文献
3.
Lei Cai Jing Zeng Ting Li Ying Xiao Xiang Ma Xiong Xiao Qin Zhang Lingkui Meng Qian Wan 《中国化学》2020,38(1):43-49
Summaryof main observation and conclusion A new dehydrativeglycosylation reaction has been established by capitalizing on the compropor-tionation reaction of 2-aryl-1,3-dithiane 1-oxides promoted by triflic anhydride(Tf2O).By wedding the high potency of thiophilic promoter system with the step efficiency of dehydrative glycosylation,this reagentunderwent facile intermolecular oxothio acetalization with C1-hemiacetal donor to install a temporary leaving group,rendering a transient electrophilic center at the remote site to the anomeric position.The sulfenyltriflate tethered at the ter-minus concomitantly activated the sulfide intramolecularly to afford the oxocarbenium ion,thereby facilitating the title glycosylation.Aside from accom-modating broad range functional groups and inactive hemiacetal substrates,the present activation protocol also proved expedient for 1,3-diol protection.Most importantly,this method further provided a fresh perspective for the application of sulfur chemistry to carbohydrate chemistry. 相似文献
4.
Dr. Xi Wang Prof. Dr. Armido Studer 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(36):11792-11796
A metal‐free and direct alkene C?H cyanation is described. Directing groups are not required and the mechanism involves electrophilic activation of the alkene by a cyano iodine(III) species generated in situ from a [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]arene and trimethylsilyl cyanide as the cyanide source. This C?H functionalization can be conducted on gram scale, and for noncyclic 1,1‐ and 1,2‐disubstuted alkenes high stereoselectivity is achieved, thus rendering the method highly valuable. 相似文献
5.
Exceedingly Fast Copper(II)‐Promoted ortho CH Trifluoromethylation of Arenes using TMSCF3
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Ming Shang Shang‐Zheng Sun Dr. Hong‐Li Wang Dr. Brian N. Laforteza Prof. Dr. Hui‐Xiong Dai Prof. Dr. Jin‐Quan Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(39):10439-10442
The direct ortho‐trifluoromethylation of arenes, including heteroarenes, with TMSCF3 has been accomplished by a copper(II)‐promoted C? H activation reaction which completes within 30 minutes. Mechanistic investigations are consistent with the involvement of C? H activation, rather than a simple electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr), as the key step. 相似文献
6.
Electrophilic Cyanation of Boron Enolates: Efficient Access to Various β‐Ketonitrile Derivatives
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Dr. Kensuke Kiyokawa Takaya Nagata Prof. Dr. Satoshi Minakata 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(35):10458-10462
The highly efficient electrophilic cyanation of boron enolates using readily available cyanating reagents, N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) and p‐toluenesulfonyl cyanide (TsCN), is reported. Various β‐ketonitriles were prepared by this new protocol, which has a remarkably broad substrate scope compared to existing methods. The present method also allowed efficient synthesis of β‐ketonitriles containing a quaternary α‐carbon center. In addition, a preliminary result with the use of a chiral boron enolate for the enantioselective cyanation reaction is described. 相似文献
7.
Concise and efficient three‐component domino [4+1+1] carbocyclization to highly substituted fluoren‐9‐one derivatives promoted by K2CO3 has been developed under microwave irradiation conditions. The direct bis‐cyanation and aryl amination residing in fluoren‐9‐one framework were achieved in a one‐pot operation. The reaction proceeds at fast rates and can be finished within 30 min, which makes workup convenient to give good to excellent chemical yields. 相似文献
8.
Xiaonan Li Xiaoxu Qi Chuanqi Hou Pinhong Chen Guosheng Liu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(39):17239-17244
The first Pd‐catalyzed enantioselective azidation of unactivated alkenes has been established by using readily accessible 1‐azido‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1H)‐one (ABX) as an azidating reagent, which affords a wide variety of structurally diverse 3‐N3‐substituted piperidines in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity. The reaction features good functional‐group compatibility and mild reaction conditions. Notably, both an electrophilic azidating reagent and the sterically bulky chiral pyridinyl‐oxazoline (Pyox) ligand are crucial to the successful reaction. 相似文献
9.
Mild and Copper‐Free Stereoselective Cyanation of gem‐Difluoroalkenes by Using Benzyl Nitrile as a Cyanating Reagent
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Juan Zhang Chengyuan Xu Wei Wu Prof. Dr. Song Cao 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(29):9902-9908
A novel copper‐free highly stereoselective cyanation of gem‐difluoroalkenes by using benzyl nitrile as a cyanating reagent with the assistance of tBuOLi under air atmosphere at room temperature was developed. A variety of versatile fluorinated alkenyl nitriles were obtained. The proposed mechanism involved the C?H bond oxidation, C?CN bond cleavage, and then nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV). 相似文献
10.
Ming Shang Shang‐Zheng Sun Hong‐Li Wang Brian N. Laforteza Hui‐Xiong Dai Jin‐Quan Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,126(39):10607-10610
The direct ortho‐trifluoromethylation of arenes, including heteroarenes, with TMSCF3 has been accomplished by a copper(II)‐promoted C H activation reaction which completes within 30 minutes. Mechanistic investigations are consistent with the involvement of C H activation, rather than a simple electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr), as the key step. 相似文献
11.
Tobias Pinkert Tristan Wegner Shobhan Mondal Frank Glorius 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2019,58(42):15041-15045
A protocol for the three‐component 1,4‐carboamination of dienes is described. Synthetically versatile Weinreb amides were coupled with 1,3‐dienes and readily available dioxazolones as the nitrogen source using [Cp*RhCl2]2‐catalyzed C?H activation to deliver the 1,4‐carboaminated products. This transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and affords the products with high levels of regio‐ and E‐selectivity. Mechanistic investigations suggest an intermediate RhIII–allyl species is trapped by an electrophilic amidation reagent in a redox‐neutral fashion. 相似文献
12.
Regio‐ and Stereospecific 1,3‐Allyl Group Transfer Triggered by a Copper‐Catalyzed Borylation/ortho‐Cyanation Cascade
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Dr. Yang Yang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(1):345-349
A copper‐catalyzed borylation/ortho‐cyanation/allyl group transfer cascade was developed. Initiated by an unconventional copper‐catalyzed electrophilic dearomatization, this process features regio‐ and stereospecific 1,3‐transposition of the allyl fragment enabled by an aromatization‐driven Cope rearrangement. This method provides an effective means for the construction of adjacent tertiary and quaternary stereocenters with excellent diastereocontrol. 相似文献
13.
Direct Electrophilic (Benzenesulfonyl)Difluoromethylthiolation with a Shelf‐Stable Reagent
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Ermal Ismalaj Dr. Didier Le Bars Dr. Thierry Billard 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(15):4790-4793
The (benzenesulfonyl)difluoromethylsulfanyl (PhSO2CF2S) group is a valuable substituent with specific properties which can provide access to new applications of fluoroalkylthiolated compounds. Direct introduction of this moiety can be performed by in an electrophilic manner by using a new shelf‐stable reagent, namely a (benzenesulfonyl)difluoromethanesulfenamide. Furthermore, mild magnesium‐mediated reduction of the PhSO2CF2S group leads to a facile synthesis of difluoromethylthiolated molecules and their deuterated analogs. 相似文献
14.
Min‐Hsien Liu Ken‐Fa Cheng Cheng Chen Yaw‐Sun Hong 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2010,110(4):813-820
Ethene and two kinds of nitrating reagents (HNO3 and N2O5) were included in respective molecular systems, which progressed through a two‐stage electrophilic and free radical nitrosubstitution, resulting in the corresponding nitroethene compounds. Subsequent halogenation (using Cl2 and Br2) and amination (using ammonia) were then performed, also by electrophilic and radical substitution, to produce the target 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethene (FOX‐7) derivatives. All transition state species were identified using a two‐ or three‐structure Synchronous Transit‐Guided Quasi‐Newton between the Cartesian coordinates of the related molecular systems at specific reaction stages. The modeling results suggest that N2O5 is the better agent for nitration and bromine is suitable for use in halogenation. The comparable activation energies throughout the reaction stages were considered to imply the most feasible pathways of FOX‐7 synthesis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010 相似文献
15.
Yamin Zhu Linyi Li Prof. Dr. Zengming Shen 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(38):13246-13252
The cyanation of arylboronic acids by using acetonitrile as the “CN” source has been achieved under a Cu(cat.)/TEMPO system (TEMPO=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine N‐oxide). The broad substrate scope includes a variety of electron‐rich and electron‐poor arylboronic acids, which react well to give the cyanated products in high to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies reveal that TEMPO?CH2CN, generated in situ, is an active cyanating reagent, and shows high reactivity for the formation of the CN? moiety. Moreover, TEMPO acts as a cheap oxidant to enable the reaction to be catalytic in copper. 相似文献
16.
Lewis Base‐Promoted Ring‐Opening 1,3‐Dioxygenation of Unactivated Cyclopropanes Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent
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Matthew H. Gieuw Dr. Zhihai Ke Prof. Dr. Ying‐Yeung Yeung 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(14):3782-3786
A facile and effective system has been developed for the regio‐ and chemoselective ring‐opening/electrophilic functionalization of cyclopropanes through C?C bond activation by [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene with the aid of the Lewis basic promoter p‐toluenesulfonamide. The p‐toluenesulfonamide‐promoted system works well for a wide range of cyclopropanes, resulting in the formation of 1,3‐diol products in good yields and regioselectivity. 相似文献
17.
Masakazu Nishida Haruhiko Fukaya Yoshio Hayakawa Taizo Ono Kotaro Fujii Hidehiro Uekusa 《Helvetica chimica acta》2006,89(11):2671-2685
The reagent Me3Si(C6F5) was used for the preparation of a series of perfluorinated, pentafluorophenyl‐substituted 3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐oxazines ( 2 – 8 ), which, otherwise, would be very difficult to synthesize. Multiple pentafluorophenylation occurred not only on the heterocyclic ring of the starting compound 1 (Scheme), but also in para position of the introduced C6F5 substituent(s) leading to compounds with one to three nonafluorobiphenyl (C12F9) substituents. While the tris(pentafluorophenyl)‐substituted compound 3 could be isolated as the sole product by stoichiometric control of the reagent, the higher‐substituted compounds 5 – 8 could only be obtained as mixtures. The structures of the oligo(perfluoroaryl) compounds were confirmed by 19F‐ and 13C‐NMR, MS, and/or X‐ray crystallography. DFT simulations of the 19F‐ and 13C‐NMR chemical shifts were performed at the B3LYP‐GIAO/6‐31++G(d,p) level for geometries optimized by the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level, a technique that proved to be very useful to accomplish full NMR assignment of these complex products. 相似文献
18.
Romain Rey‐Rodriguez Pascal Retailleau Prof. Pascal Bonnet Prof. Isabelle Gillaizeau 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(9):3572-3575
Herein the first example of the iron(II)‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation of enamide using mild and simple reaction conditions is reported. The method is cost‐effective and uses the easy‐to‐handle Togni’s reagent as the electrophilic CF3 source. This transformation is totally regioselective at the C3 position of enamides and exhibits broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and thus demonstrates its useful application in a late‐stage fluorination strategy. 相似文献
19.
Tullio Pilati Gianluigi Casalone 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2001,57(4):495-496
(5S,9S,17S)‐17‐Hydroxy‐9(10→5)‐abeo‐estr‐4‐ene‐3,10‐dione, C18H26O3, (II), and (5R,9R,17S)‐17‐hydroxy‐9(10→5)‐abeo‐estr‐4‐ene‐3,10‐dione, C18H26O3, (III), are equimolecular products of the FeII‐induced transposition of 10β‐hydroperoxy‐17β‐hydroxyestr‐4‐en‐3‐one, (I). With respect to reagent molecules, the configuration at C9 is retained for (II) while it is inverted in (III). The conformations of the five‐ and six‐membered rings are compared. 相似文献
20.
Shaoqiang Yang Miao Chen Pingping Tang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(23):7922-7926
We report the development of photoredox‐catalyzed and copper‐promoted trifluoromethoxylation of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates, with trifluoromethyl arylsulfonate (TFMS) as the trifluoromethoxylation reagent. This new method takes advantage of visible‐light photoredox catalysis to generate the aryl radical under mild conditions, combined with copper‐promoted selective trifluoromethoxylation. The reaction is scalable, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and proceeds regioselectively under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggested that a Cs[Cu(OCF3)2] intermediate might be generated during the reaction. 相似文献