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1.
Zhong Wei Jiang Yang Chun Zou Ting Ting Zhao Shu Jun Zhen Yuan Fang Li Cheng Zhi Huang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(8):3300-3306
Synthesizing 2D metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) in high yields and rational tailoring of the properties in a predictable manner for specific applications is extremely challenging. Now, a series of porphyrin‐based 2D lanthanide MOFs (Ln‐TCPP, Ln=Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, TCPP=tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) with different thickness were successfully prepared in a household microwave oven. The as‐prepared 2D Ln‐TCPP nanosheets showed thickness‐dependent photocatalytic performances towards photooxidation of 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene (1,5‐DHN) to synthesize juglone. Particularly, the Yb‐TCPP displayed outstanding photodynamic activity to generate O2? and 1O2. This work not only provides fundamental insights into structure designing and property tailoring of 2D MOFs nanosheets, but also pave a new way to improve the photocatalytic performance. 相似文献
2.
Xiuyan Wan Hui Zhong Wei Pan Yanhua Li Yuanyuan Chen Na Li Bo Tang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(40):14272-14277
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has attracted increasing attention as an anticancer agent. However, using DHA to treat cancer usually depends on the synergistic effects of exogenous components, and the loss of DHA during delivery reduces its effectiveness in cancer therapy. Reported herein is a programmed release nanoplatform of DHA to synergistically treat cancer with a Fe‐TCPP [(4,4,4,4‐(porphine‐5,10,15,20‐tetrayl) tetrakis(benzoic acid)] NMOF (nanoscale MOF) having a CaCO3 mineralized coating, which prevents DHA leakage during transport in the bloodstream. When the nanoplatform arrives at the tumor site, the weakly acidic microenvironment and high concentration of glutathione (GSH) trigger DHA release and TCPP activation, enabling the synergistic Fe2+‐DHA‐mediated chemodynamic therapy, Ca2+‐DHA‐mediated oncosis therapy, and TCPP‐mediated photodynamic therapy. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the nanoplatform showed enhanced anticancer efficiency and negligible toxicity. 相似文献
3.
Copper(II)–Graphitic Carbon Nitride Triggered Synergy: Improved ROS Generation and Reduced Glutathione Levels for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
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Enguo Ju Kai Dong Zhaowei Chen Zhen Liu Chaoqun Liu Yanyan Huang Zhenzhen Wang Fang Pu Prof. Jinsong Ren Prof. Xiaogang Qu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(38):11467-11471
Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been used as photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, its therapeutic efficiency was far from satisfactory. One of the major obstacles was the overexpression of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells, which could diminish the amount of generated ROS before their arrival at the target site. Herein, we report that the integration of Cu2+ and g‐C3N4 nanosheets (Cu2+–g‐C3N4) led to enhanced light‐triggered ROS generation as well as the depletion of intracellular GSH levels. Consequently, the ROS generated under light irradiation could be consumed less by reduced GSH, and efficiency was improved. Importantly, redox‐active species Cu+–g‐C3N4 could catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide to the hydroxyl radical, both of which facilitated the generation of ROS. This synergy of improved ROS generation and GSH depletion could enhance the efficiency of PDT for cancer therapy. 相似文献
4.
Huanhuan Fan Dr. Zilong Zhao Guobei Yan Prof. Xiaobing Zhang Dr. Chao Yang Hongmin Meng Zhuo Chen Hui Liu Prof. Weihong Tan 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(16):4801-4805
DNAzymes hold promise for gene‐silencing therapy, but the lack of sufficient cofactors in the cell cytoplasm, poor membrane permeability, and poor biostability have limited the use of DNAzymes in therapeutics. We report a DNAzyme–MnO2 nanosystem for gene‐silencing therapy. MnO2 nanosheets adsorb chlorin e6‐labelled DNAzymes (Ce6), protect them from enzymatic digestion, and efficiently deliver them into cells. The nanosystem can also inhibit 1O2 generation by Ce6 in the circulatory system. In the presence of intracellular glutathione (GSH), MnO2 is reduced to Mn2+ ions, which serve as cofactors of 10–23 DNAzyme for gene silencing. The release of Ce6 generates 1O2 for more efficient photodynamic therapy. The Mn2+ ions also enhance magnetic resonance contrast, providing GSH‐activated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumor cells. The integration of fluorescence recovery and MRI activation provides fluorescence/MRI bimodality for monitoring the delivery of DNAzymes. 相似文献
5.
Kui DENG Zhi‐Long CHEN Xing‐Ping ZHOU Wen‐Feng WANG Xiao‐Xia YANG Juan TIAN 《中国化学》2008,26(1):202-207
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new treatment technique which can potentially destroy unwanted and malignant tissues, such as those of cancer. The photodynamic mechanisms of three tetrapyrrole compounds: Mg‐purpurin‐18, tetra(meso‐chlorophenyl)porphyrin (m‐TCPP) and 2,7,12,18‐tetramethyl‐3,8‐di[(1‐isobutoxyl)‐ ethyl]‐13,17‐bis[3‐di(2‐chloroethyl)aminopropyl]porphyrin (TDBP) in acetonitrile were investigated by 355 nm laser flash photolysis. It was found that after laser flash photolysis (LFP), the excited states of TDBP and Mg‐purpurin‐18 could react with O2 and 1O2 was produced, which proved that TDBP and Mg‐purpurin‐18 took effects through type II mechanism in PDT. This suggested that TDBP and Mg‐purpurin‐18 should be suitable for target tissues containing enough O2. Mg‐purpurin‐18 has two extra absorptions at 550 and 700 nm, which means it has broad choices of laser wavelength in PDT. It was also found that m‐TCPP could be photoionized when excited with 355 nm laser under N2‐saturated condition. It could also react with O2 to produce reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and the peroxide anions, but not 1O2. These were known as the Type I mechanism. So m‐TCPP could be used even at low oxygen concentration or more polar environments with good behavior in PDT. From the above studies on the three different tetrapyrrole compounds it could be concluded that the structure of porphin ring takes a main role in PDT. And there was important impact on the photodynamic mechanism for the functional group directly connecting with porphin ring, while little influence for the functional group indirectly connecting with porphin ring. These will be of great value in the discovery of new PDT drugs. 相似文献
6.
Dr. Shan Sun Qiao Chen Zhongdi Tang Chuang Liu Prof. Zhongjun Li Prof. Aiguo Wu Prof. Hengwei Lin 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(47):21227-21234
A method is developed to fabricate tumor microenvironment (TME) stimuli-responsive nanoplatform for fluorescence (FL) imaging and synergistic cancer therapy via assembling photosensitizer (chlorine e6, Ce6) modified carbon dots (CDs-Ce6) and Cu2+. The as-obtained nanoassemblies (named Cu/CC nanoparticles, NPs) exhibit quenched FL and photosensitization due to the aggregation of CDs-Ce6. Their FL imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) functions are recovered efficiently once they entering tumor sites by the stimulation of TME. Introducing of Cu2+ not only provides extra chemodynamic therapy (CDT) function through reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but also depletes GSH in tumors by a redox reaction, thus amplifying the intracellular oxidative stress and enhancing the efficacy of reactive oxygen species (ROS) based therapy. Cu/CC NPs can act as a FL imaging guided trimodal synergistic cancer treatment agent by photothermal therapy (PTT), PDT, and thermally amplified CDT. 相似文献
7.
Jian Sun Ke Du Jiajie Diao Xuetong Cai Fude Feng Shu Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(29):12122-12128
Currently, photosensitizers (PSs) that are microenvironment responsive and hypoxia active are scarcely available and urgently desired for antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). Presented herein is the design of a redox stimuli activatable metal‐free photosensitizer (aPS), also functioning as a pre‐photosensitizer as it is converted to a PS by the mutual presence of glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with high specificity on a basis of domino reactions on the benzothiadiazole ring. Superior to traditional PSs, the activated aPS contributed to efficient generation of reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen and superoxide ion through both type 1 and type 2 pathways, alleviating the aerobic requirement for PDT. Equipped with a triphenylphosphine ligand for mitochondria targeting, mito aPS showed excellent phototoxicity to tumor cells with low light fluence under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, after activation by intracellular GSH and H2O2. The mito aPS was also compatible to near infrared PDT with two photon excitation (800 nm) for extensive bioapplications. 相似文献
8.
Intracellular Modulation of Excited‐State Dynamics in a Chromophore Dyad: Differential Enhancement of Photocytotoxicity Targeting Cancer Cells
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Dr. Safacan Kolemen Dr. Murat Işık Gyoung Mi Kim Dabin Kim Hao Geng Muhammed Buyuktemiz Tugce Karatas Prof. Xian‐Fu Zhang Prof. Yavuz Dede Prof. Juyoung Yoon Prof. Engin U. Akkaya 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(18):5340-5344
The photosensitized generation of reactive oxygen species, and particularly of singlet oxygen [O2(a1Δg)], is the essence of photodynamic action exploited in photodynamic therapy. The ability to switch singlet oxygen generation on/off would be highly valuable, especially when it is linked to a cancer‐related cellular parameter. Building on recent findings related to intersystem crossing efficiency, we designed a dimeric BODIPY dye with reduced symmetry, which is ineffective as a photosensitizer unless it is activated by a reaction with intracellular glutathione (GSH). The reaction alters the properties of both the ground and excited states, consequently enabling the efficient generation of singlet oxygen. Remarkably, the designed photosensitizer can discriminate between different concentrations of GSH in normal and cancer cells and thus remains inefficient as a photosensitizer inside a normal cell while being transformed into a lethal singlet oxygen source in cancer cells. This is the first demonstration of such a difference in the intracellular activity of a photosensitizer. 相似文献
9.
Chenhao Hu Yueyuan Yu Shuang Chao Huidan Zhu Yuxin Pei Lan Chen Zhichao Pei 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(13)
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a safe, non-invasive modality for cancer therapy, in which the low oxygen and high glutathione in the tumor microenvironment reduces therapeutic efficiency. In order to overcome these problems, we prepared a supramolecular photosensitive system of O2-Cu/ZIF-8@ZIF-8@WP6–MB (OCZWM), which was loaded with oxygen to increase the oxygen concentration in the tumor microenvironment, and the Cu2+ in the system reacted with glutathione (GSH) to reduce the GSH concentration to generate Cu+. It is worth noting that the generated Cu+ can produce the Fenton reaction, thus realizing the combination therapy of PDT and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) to achieve the purpose of significantly improving the anti-cancer efficiency. 相似文献
10.
Dr. Zhong Wei Jiang Dr. Yang Chun Zou Ting Ting Zhao Shu Jun Zhen Prof. Yuan Fang Li Prof. Cheng Zhi Huang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(8):3326-3332
Synthesizing 2D metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) in high yields and rational tailoring of the properties in a predictable manner for specific applications is extremely challenging. Now, a series of porphyrin-based 2D lanthanide MOFs (Ln-TCPP, Ln=Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, TCPP=tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) with different thickness were successfully prepared in a household microwave oven. The as-prepared 2D Ln-TCPP nanosheets showed thickness-dependent photocatalytic performances towards photooxidation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,5-DHN) to synthesize juglone. Particularly, the Yb-TCPP displayed outstanding photodynamic activity to generate O2− and 1O2. This work not only provides fundamental insights into structure designing and property tailoring of 2D MOFs nanosheets, but also pave a new way to improve the photocatalytic performance. 相似文献
11.
Chunxia Qi Wanni Wang Peisan Wang Hanlong Cheng Xueyan Wang Baoyou Gong Anjian Xie Yuhua Shen 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(13)
The complex physiological environment and inherent self-healing function of tumors make it difficult to eliminate malignant tumors by single therapy. In order to enhance the efficacy of antitumor therapy, it is significant and challenging to realize multi-mode combination therapy by utilizing/improving the adverse factors of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, a novel Fe3O4@Au/PPy nanoplatform loaded with a chemotherapy drug (DOX) and responsive to TME, near-infrared (NIR) laser and magnetic field was designed for the combination enhancement of eliminating the tumor. The Fe2+ released at the low pH in TME can react with endogenous H2O2 to induce toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). At the same time, the generated Fe3+ could deplete overexpressed glutathione (GSH) at the tumor site to prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) from being restored while producing Fe2+ for CDT. The designed Fe3O4@Au/PPy nanoplatform had high photothermal (PT) conversion efficiency and photodynamic therapy (PDT) performance under NIR light excitation, which can promote CDT efficiency and produce more toxic ROS. To maximize the cancer-killing efficiency, the nanoplatform can be successfully loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug DOX, which can be efficiently released under NIR excitation and induction of slight acidity at the tumor site. In addition, the nanoplatform also possessed high saturation magnetization (20 emu/g), indicating a potential magnetic targeting function. In vivo and in vitro results identified that the Fe3O4@Au/PPy-DOX nanoplatform had good biocompatibility and magnetic-targeted synergetic CDT/PDT/PTT/chemotherapy antitumor effects, which were much better than those of the corresponding mono/bi/tri-therapies. This work provides a new approach for designing intelligent TME-mediated nanoplatforms for synergistically enhancing tumor therapy. 相似文献
12.
Minfeng Huo Liying Wang Linlin Zhang Chenyang Wei Yu Chen Jianlin Shi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(5):1906-1913
Sustained tumor oxygenation is of critical importance during type‐II photodynamic therapy (PDT), which depends on the intratumoral oxygen level for the generation of reactive oxygen species. Herein, the modification of photosynthetic cyanobacteria with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (ce6) to form ce6‐integrated photosensitive cells, termed ceCyan, is reported. Upon 660 nm laser irradiation, sustained photosynthetic O2 evolution by the cyanobacteria and the immediate generation of reactive singlet oxygen species (1O2) by the integrated photosensitizer could be almost simultaneously achieved for tumor therapy using type‐II PDT both in vitro and in vivo. This work contributes a conceptual while practical paradigm for biocompatible and effective PDT using hybrid microorganisms, displaying a bright future in clinical PDT by microbiotic nanomedicine. 相似文献
13.
Jianhua Zou Jianwei Zhu Zhen Yang Ling Li Wenpei Fan Liangcan He Wei Tang Liming Deng Jing Mu Yuanyuan Ma Yaya Cheng Wei Huang Xiaochen Dong Xiaoyuan Chen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(23):8833-8838
Continuous irradiation during photodynamic therapy (PDT) inevitably induces tumor hypoxia, thereby weakening the PDT effect. In PDT‐induced hypoxia, providing singlet oxygen from stored chemical energy may enhance the cell‐killing effect and boost the therapeutic effect. Herein, we present a phototheranostic (DPPTPE@PEG‐Py NPs) prepared by using a 2‐pyridone‐based diblock polymer (PEG‐Py) to encapsulate a semiconducting, heavy‐atom‐free pyrrolopyrrolidone‐tetraphenylethylene (DPPTPE) with high singlet‐oxygen‐generation ability both in dichloromethane and water. The PEG‐Py can trap the 1O2 generated from DPPTPE under laser irradiation and form a stable intermediate of endoperoxide, which can then release 1O2 in the dark, hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, fluorescence‐imaging‐guided phototherapy demonstrates that this phototheranostic could completely inhibit tumor growth with the help of laser irradiation. 相似文献
14.
Metallophthalocyanine‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Highly Efficient Photosensitizers for Singlet Oxygen Generation
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Dr. Xuesong Ding Prof. Dr. Bao‐Hang Han 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(22):6536-6539
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is of great interest because of its potential applications in photodynamic therapy, photooxidation of toxic molecules, and photochemical synthesis. Herein, we report novel metallophthalocyanine (MPc) based conjugated microporous polymers (MPc‐CMPs) as photosensitizers for the generation of 1O2. The rigid microporous structure efficiently improves the exposure of the majority of the MPc units to oxygen. The MPc‐CMPs also exhibit an enhanced light‐harvesting capability in the far‐red region through their extended π‐conjugation systems. Their microporous structure and excellent absorption capability for long‐wavelength photons result in the MPc‐CMPs showing high efficiency for 1O2 generation upon irradiation with 700 nm light, as evident by using 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran as an 1O2 trap. These results indicate that MPc‐CMPs can be considered as promising photosensitizers for the generation of 1O2. 相似文献
15.
Zhiyong Liu Tianye Cao Yudong Xue Mengting Li Mengsi Wu Jonathan W. Engle Qianjun He Weibo Cai Minbo Lan Weian Zhang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(9):3711-3717
Nanocarriers are employed to deliver photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) through the enhanced penetration and retention effect, but disadvantages including the premature leakage and non‐selective release of photosensitizers still exist. Herein, we report a 1O2‐responsive block copolymer (POEGMA‐b‐P(MAA‐co‐VSPpaMA) to enhance PDT via the controllable release of photosensitizers. Once nanoparticles formed by the block copolymer have accumulated in a tumor and have been taken up by cancer cells, pyropheophorbide a (Ppa) could be controllably released by singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by light irradiation, enhancing the photosensitization. This was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and in vivo fluorescence imaging. The 1O2‐responsiveness of POEGMA‐b‐P(MAA‐co‐VSPpaMA) block copolymer enabled the realization of self‐amplified photodynamic therapy by the regulation of Ppa release using NIR illumination. This may provide a new insight into the design of precise PDT. 相似文献
16.
Jintong Liu Tianrui Liu Ping Du Lei Zhang Jianping Lei 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(23):7890-7894
Encapsulation of active biomolecules and/or nanoparticles in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) remains a great challenge in biomedical applications. In this work, through a stepwise in situ growth method, a black phosphorus quantum dot (BQ) and catalase were precisely encapsulated into the inner and outer layers of MOFs, respectively. The integrated MOF system as a tandem catalyst could convert H2O2 into O2 in MOF‐stabilized catalase outer layer, and then O2 was directly injected into MOF‐sensitized BQ inner, leading to high quantum yield of singlet oxygen. Upon internalization, the photodynamic therapy efficiency of the MOF system was 8.7‐fold greater than that without catalase, showing an enhanced therapeutic effect against hypoxic tumor cells. Furthermore, by coupling with photothermal therapy of BQs, photodynamic‐thermal synergistic therapy was realized both in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
17.
Dr. Jian Sun Ke Du Prof. Dr. Jiajie Diao Xuetong Cai Prof. Dr. Fude Feng Prof. Dr. Shu Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(29):12220-12226
Currently, photosensitizers (PSs) that are microenvironment responsive and hypoxia active are scarcely available and urgently desired for antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). Presented herein is the design of a redox stimuli activatable metal-free photosensitizer (aPS), also functioning as a pre-photosensitizer as it is converted to a PS by the mutual presence of glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with high specificity on a basis of domino reactions on the benzothiadiazole ring. Superior to traditional PSs, the activated aPS contributed to efficient generation of reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen and superoxide ion through both type 1 and type 2 pathways, alleviating the aerobic requirement for PDT. Equipped with a triphenylphosphine ligand for mitochondria targeting, mito aPS showed excellent phototoxicity to tumor cells with low light fluence under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, after activation by intracellular GSH and H2O2. The mito aPS was also compatible to near infrared PDT with two photon excitation (800 nm) for extensive bioapplications. 相似文献
18.
Qun Guan Le‐Le Zhou Fan‐Hong Lv Wen‐Yan Li Yan‐An Li Yu‐Bin Dong 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(41):18042-18047
Ca2+, a ubiquitous but nuanced modulator of cellular physiology, is meticulously controlled intracellularly. However, intracellular Ca2+ regulation, such as mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity, can be disrupted by 1O2. Thus, the intracellular Ca2+ overload, which is recognized as one of the important cell pro‐death factors, can be logically achieved by the synergism of 1O2 with exogenous Ca2+ delivery. Reported herein is a nanoscale covalent organic framework (NCOF)‐based nanoagent, namely CaCO3@COF‐BODIPY‐2I@GAG ( 4 ), which is embedded with CaCO3 nanoparticle (NP) and surface‐decorated with BODIPY‐2I as photosensitizer (PS) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) targeting agent for CD44 receptors on digestive tract tumor cells. Under illumination, the light‐triggered 1O2 not only kills the tumor cells directly, but also leads to their mitochondrial dysfunction and Ca2+ overload. An enhanced antitumor efficiency is achieved via photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Ca2+ overload synergistic therapy. 相似文献
19.
Xiang-Da Zhang Shu-Zhen Hou Jian-Xiang Wu Prof. Dr. Zhi-Yuan Gu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(7):1604-1611
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 presents a promising strategy to mitigate the greenhouse effect and reduce excess carbon dioxide emission to realize a carbon-neutral energy cycle, but it suffers from the lack of high-performance electrocatalysts. In this work, catalytic active cobalt porphyrin [TCPP(Co)=(5,10,15,20)-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin-CoII] was precisely anchored onto water-stable 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets (Zr-BTB) to obtain ultrathin 2D MOF nanosheets [TCPP(Co)/Zr-BTB] with accessible catalytic sites for the CO2 reduction reaction. Compared with molecular cobalt porphyrin, the TCPP(Co)/Zr-BTB exhibits an ultrahigh turnover frequency (TOF=4768 h−1 at −0.919 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) owing to high active-site utilization. In addition, three post-modified 2D MOF nanosheets [TCPP(Co)/Zr-BTB-PABA, TCPP(Co)/Zr-BTB-PSBA, TCPP(Co)/Zr-BTB-PSABA] were obtained, with the modifiers of p-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid (PABA), p-sulfobenzoic acid potassium (PSBA), and p-sulfamidobenzoic acid (PSABA), to change the micro-environments around TCPP(Co) through the tuning of steric effects. Among them, the TCPP(Co)/Zr-BTB-PSABA exhibited the best performance with a faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 85.1 %, TOF of 5315 h−1, and jtotal of 6 mA cm−2 at −0.769 V (vs. RHE). In addition, the long-term durability of the electrocatalysts is evaluated and the role of pH buffer is revealed. 相似文献
20.
A Smart Photosensitizer–Manganese Dioxide Nanosystem for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy by Reducing Glutathione Levels in Cancer Cells
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Huanhuan Fan Guobei Yan Dr. Zilong Zhao Dr. Xiaoxiao Hu Wenhan Zhang Hui Liu Xiaoyi Fu Ting Fu Prof. Xiao‐Bing Zhang Prof. Weihong Tan 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(18):5477-5482
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied in cancer treatment by utilizing reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells. However, a high concentration of glutathione (GSH) is present in cancer cells and can consume reactive oxygen species. To address this problem, we report the development of a photosensitizer–MnO2 nanosystem for highly efficient PDT. In our design, MnO2 nanosheets adsorb photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), protect it from self‐destruction upon light irradiation, and efficiently deliver it into cells. The nanosystem also inhibits extracellular singlet oxygen generation by Ce6, leading to fewer side effects. Once endocytosed, the MnO2 nanosheets are reduced by intracellular GSH. As a result, the nanosystem is disintegrated, simultaneously releasing Ce6 and decreasing the level of GSH for highly efficient PDT. Moreover, fluorescence recovery, accompanied by the dissolution of MnO2 nanosheets, can provide a fluorescence signal for monitoring the efficacy of delivery. 相似文献