船舶在进出船厢运动中的附加质量的计算

采用三维有限元方法，计算船在进出船厢运动中的附加质量。文中对单圆柱体在无限域和半无限域中运动的附加质量及双圆柱体同心放置时内圆柱运动的附加质量分别进行了计算，计算值与理论值吻合很好；对船在进出船厢运动中的附加质量做了大量的计算，结果表明：随着船与船厢侧壁间距的减小，船的附加质量系数增大；随着船厢中水深的减小，船的附加质量系数增大，随着船离船厢封闭端的距离的减小，附加质量系数增大。     

Numerical simulation of mass transfer to micropolar fluid flow past a stenosed artery

A mathematical model of unsteady non‐Newtonian blood flow together with the mass transfer through constricted arteries has been developed. The mass transport refers to the movement of atherogenic molecules, i.e. blood‐borne components, such as low‐density lipoproteins from flowing blood into the arterial walls or vice versa. The flowing blood is represented as the suspension of all erythrocytes assumed to be Eringen's micropolar fluid and the arterial wall is considered to be rigid having cosine‐shaped stenosis in its lumen. The mass transfer to blood is controlled by the convection–diffusion equation. The governing equations of motion accompanied by the appropriate choice of the boundary conditions are solved numerically by Marker and Cell method and the results obtained are checked for numerical stability with the desired degree of accuracy. The quantitative analysis carried out finally includes the respective profiles of the flow‐field and the mass concentration along with their distributions over the entire arterial segment as well. The key factors, such as the wall shear stress and Sherwood number, are also examined for further quantitative insight into the flow and the mass transport phenomena through arterial stenosis. The present results show consistency with several existing results in the literature which substantiate sufficiently to validate the applicability of the model under consideration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

可压缩流体流动多尺度混合有限元数值方法研究

可压缩流体是天然油藏中广泛存在的一种流体,研究其在多孔介质中的渗流规律对于油藏开发具有重要意义。本文采用多尺度混合有限元方法,对可压缩流体渗流问题进行了研究。考虑流体的可压缩性以及介质形变,推导得到了可压缩流体渗流问题的多尺度计算格式。数值计算结果表明,多尺度混合有限元适于求解非均质性和可压缩流问题,具有节省计算量、计算精度高等优势,对于实际大规模油藏模拟具有重要意义。     

Computation of hydrodynamic mass and damping coefficients for a cavitating marine propeller flow using a panel method

The present paper deals with the numerical calculation of hydrodynamic mass and damping coefficients under consideration of unsteady sheet cavitation on marine propeller flows. In the first part of the paper, the mathematical and numerical background behind the numerical method is introduced. The numerical calculations carried out in this work are based on a low-order panel method. Panel methods belong to the class of collocation techniques and are applied to obtain a numerical solution of a potential flow based system of boundary integral equations. They are suitable for the present application because of their short computation time which makes them applicable in the design process of marine propellers.Additionally, two different approaches for the determination of hydrodynamic masses and damping are introduced in this work. The hydrodynamic masses and damping are important in studies of the ship motion in seaway and in the analysis of vibrations of a vessel and its appendages. The developed approaches are applied on a propeller flow in heave motion. Hereby, the calculations are performed for a non-rotating and rotating propeller under non-cavitating and cavitating conditions. The results obtained from the simulations are discussed in detail and an outlook is given.     

Fluid-structure impact analysis with a mixed method of arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian BE and FE

A mixed method of arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian boundary element and finite element method (ALE-BE-FE method) is proposed for solving fluid-structure impact problems, in which the effect of structural deformation due to hydrodynamic pressure is taken into account. In addition, this method also enables us to analyze the influence of nonlinear free surface conditions on the impact response. Two numerical examples of an impacting cylinder and an impacting wedge into an initially calm water treated as 2-D problems are presented. It shows that the proposed method is effective to obtain a fluid-structure impact solution.This project is financially supported by the National Education Foundation of China.     

Investigation of fluid dynamics within a miniature mixed flow blood pump

An oil dot flow visualization method was utilized in conjunction with a traditional light sheet particle tracer method to investigate internal flow dynamics of a miniature mixed-flow blood pump. The effects of the operating condition and impeller design on the internal fluid dynamics and hydrodynamic performance were studied. The oil dot method enabled analysis of separated and disturbed flow within the highly wrapped rotating-blade passages – previously imperceptible with light sheet methods. The blade wrap was found to be critical to providing a favorable fluid dynamics for blood pumping over a range of off-design conditions. The low flow operating conditions were found to have a detrimental effect on blood flow. Received: 13 september 2000 / Accepted: 3 April 2001     

Lattice Boltzmann simulations for flow and heat/mass transfer problems in a three‐dimensional porous structure

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for a binary miscible fluid mixture is applied to problems of transport phenomena in a three‐dimensional porous structure. Boundary conditions for the particle distribution function of a diffusing component are described in detail. Flow characteristics and concentration profiles of diffusing species at a pore scale in the structure are obtained at various Reynolds numbers. At high Reynolds numbers, the concentration profiles are highly affected by the flow convection and become completely different from those at low Reynolds numbers. The Sherwood numbers are calculated and compared in good agreement with available experimental data. The results indicate that the present method is useful for the investigation of transport phenomena in porous structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bifurcation of flow and mass transport in a curved blood vessel

A numerical analysis of flow and concentration fields of macromolecules in a, slightly curved blood vessel was carried out. Based on these results, the effect of the bifurcation of a flow on the mass transport in a curved blood vessel was discussed. The macromolecules turned out to be easier to deposit in the inner part of the curved blood vessel near the critical Dean number. Once the Dean number is higher than the critical number, the bifurcation of the flow appears. This bifurcation can prevent macromolecules from concentrating in the inner part of the curved blood vessel. This result is helpful for understanding the possible correlations between the blood dynamics and atherosclerosis. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10002003), JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researcher and Foundation for University Teachers, the Ministry of Education     

Numerical convergence studies of the mixed finite element method for natural convection flow in a fluid-saturated porous medium

This paper describes a numerical approximation scheme for the natural convection (NC) flow in a fluid-saturated porous medium. Our formulation of the problem is based on the mixed finite element method (FEM). Using the so-called consistent splitting scheme, a second-order accuracy in time and in space is verified by the numerical calculation. The resulting flow patterns and heat transfer for different Rayleigh numbers, Darcy numbers and porosities are numerically studied by the proposed scheme.     

Investigation of the specific mass flow rate distribution in pipes supplied with a pulsating flow

A pulsating flow is typical of inlet and exhaust pipes of internal combustion engines and piston compressors. Unsteady flow phenomena are especially important in the case of turbocharged engines, because dynamic effects occurring in the exhaust pipe can affect turbine operation conditions and performance.One of the basic parameters describing the unsteady flow is a transient mass flow rate related to the instantaneous flow velocity, which is usually measured by means of hot-wire anemometers. For the flowing gas, it is more appropriate to analyze the specific mass flow rate φ_m = ρv, which takes into account also variations in the gas density. In order to minimize the volume occupied by measuring devices in the control section, special double-wire sensors for the specific mass flow rate (CTA) and temperature (CCT) measurement were applied. The article describes procedures of their calibration and measurement. Different forms of calibration curves are analyzed as well in order to match the approximation function to calibration points. Special attention is paid to dynamic phenomena related to the resonance occurring in a pipe for characteristic frequencies depending on the pipe length. One of these phenomena is a reverse flow, which makes it difficult to interpret properly the recorded CTA signal. Procedures of signal correction are described in detail. To verify the measurements, a flow field investigation was carried out by displacing probes radially and determining the profiles of the specific mass flow rate under the conditions of a steady and pulsating flow. The presence and general features of a reverse flow, which was identified experimentally, were confirmed by 1-D unsteady flow calculations.     

Numerical analysis of fluid flow and added mass induced by vibration of structure

IntroductionInmanycases ,theeffectofasurroundingfluidonstructuralvibrationscannotbeneglected .Forexample ,analyzingthefreevibrationsofshipsmustcalculatetheaddedmassofthesurroundingwater[1].Mostspacecraftcomponentsarelow_density ,low_stiffnessandwithwide_openedareas,sotheeffectofsurroundingairisobviousandcannotbeneglectedinthenumericalsimulationoftheirmodaltestonground[2 ].Sinceairflowinducedbythestructuralvibrationswithlowfundamentalfrequencyandsmallamplitudemotion (Forexample ,thefundamental…     

Unsteady flow calculation in a radial flow centrifugal pump with spiral casing

The prediction of the two-dimensional unsteady flow established in a radial flow centrifugal pump is considered. Assuming the fluid incompressible and inviscid, the velocity field is represented by means of source and vorticity surface distributions as well as a set of point vortices. Using this representation, a grid-free (Lagrangian) numerical method is derived based on the coupling of the boundary element and vortex particle methods. In this context the source and vorticity surface distributions are determined through the non-entry boundary condition together with the unsteady Kutta condition. In order to satisfy Kelvin's theorem, vorticity is shed at the trailing edges of the impeller blades. Then the vortex particle method is used to approximate the convection of the free vorticity distribution. Results are given for a pump configuration experimentally tested by Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques (CETIM). Comparisons between predictions and experimental data show the capability of the proposed method to reproduce the main features of the flow considered.     

Time-dependent three-dimensional flow and mass transfer of elastico-viscous fluid over unsteady stretching sheet

This article studies the three-dimensional boundary layer flow of an elasticoviscous fluid over a stretching surface. Velocity of the stretching sheet is assumed to be time-dependent. Effect of mass transfer with higher order chemical reaction is further considered. Computations are made by the homptopy analysis method (HAM). Convergence of the obtained series solutions is explicitly analyzed. Variations of embedding parameters on the velocity and concentration are graphically discussed. Numerical computations of surface mass transfer are reported. Comparison of the present results with the numerical solutions is also given.     

Time-dependent three-dimensional flow and mass transfer of elastico-viscous fluid over unsteady stretching sheet

This article studies the three-dimensional boundary layer flow of an elasticoviscous luid over a stretching surface. Velocity of the stretching sheet is assumed to be ime-dependent. Effect of mass transfer with higher order chemical reaction is further onsidered. Computations are made by the homptopy analysis method (HAM). Convergence f the obtained series solutions is explicitly analyzed. Variations of embedding arameters on the velocity and concentration are graphically discussed. Numerical computations f surface mass transfer are reported. Comparison of the present results with he numerical solutions is also given.     

脉冲流在Y型和倒Y型微反应器中强化传质的格子Boltzmann模拟

连续流微反应器的迅速发展为化学合成技术提供了一条可精准控制的路径。微反应器中流体的流动、混合和传质是反应的物理基础,因此强化传递就能够合理改善混和效果,增加相接触面积,减小微通道尺寸,以缩短分子扩散距离。由于微反应器中对流传递数量级非常低,不容易控制。通过改进微混合器构型和引入脉冲流动等主被动强化措施,可以有效改善对流和传质,影响化合反应。如何量化分析这些影响,是微反应器强化传质和优化控制反应过程的基础。本文基于有效的虚拟串行竞争反应格子Boltzmann模型,通过对Y型和倒Y型的微反应器的流场结构、混合传质和化合反应进行数值研究,定量分析了脉冲流动在不同流场构型下传质和化学反应的影响,所得结论可为连续流微反应器设计以及微反应精准控制提供有意义的参考。     

移动集中质量作用下Euler-Bernoulli梁的振动频率分析

研究了移动载荷作用下Euler-Bernoulli梁振动频率的变化规律。首先根据Euler-Bernoulli梁振动的控制方程,引入载荷和位移边界条件,建立梁单元的动力刚度矩阵和形状函数矩阵,然后采用傅里叶变换的思想,建立移动载荷惯性力引起的附加动力刚度矩阵,进而得到系统整体的动力刚度矩阵。通过Wittrick-Williams法进行求解得到移动载荷作用下Euler-Bernoulli梁的振动频率,与有限元法计算结果的比较,验证了此方法的正确性,体现了此方法在精度和计算规模上的优势。根据上述方法,揭示简支梁和悬臂梁振动频率随着移动质量速度与质量的变化规律。     

Optimal systems of Lie subalgebras for a two-phase mass flow

We apply the Lie symmetry method to a two-phase mass flow model (Pudasaini, 2012 [18]) and construct one-, two- and three-dimensional optimal systems of Lie subalgebras corresponding to the non-linear PDEs. As an optimal system contains structurally important information about different types of invariant solutions, it provides precise insights into all possible invariant solutions emerging from infinitesimal symmetries. We use the optimal system of one-dimensional Lie subalgebras to reduce the two-phase mass flow model to other systems of PDEs. Using the fact that the Lie bracket contains information about further reduction, we further reduce to systems of ODEs and PDEs. We solve a system numerically and present results for different physical and Lie parameters. Simulations reveal fluid and solid dynamics are distinctly sensitive to different Lie parameters, whereas both phases are influenced by the solid and the fluid pressure parameters. Higher pressure gradients result in higher flow velocities and lower flow heights. Fluid velocities dominate solid velocities, but the solid heights are higher than the fluid heights. Results provide an overall picture of the physical process, and the coupled dynamics of the solid and fluid phase velocities and the flow heights. These are physically meaningful results in sheared inclined channel flow of coupled two-phase mixture. This confirms the consistency of the obtained similarity solutions and potential applicability of the models and the constructed optimal systems.     

Numerical simulation of free‐surface flow using the level‐set method with global mass correction

A new numerical method that couples the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with the global mass correction level‐set method for simulating fluid problems with free surfaces and interfaces is presented in this paper. The finite volume method is used to discretize Navier–Stokes equations with the two‐step projection method on a staggered Cartesian grid. The free‐surface flow problem is solved on a fixed grid in which the free surface is captured by the zero level set. Mass conservation is improved significantly by applying a global mass correction scheme, in a novel combination with third‐order essentially non‐oscillatory schemes and a five stage Runge–Kutta method, to accomplish advection and re‐distancing of the level‐set function. The coupled solver is applied to simulate interface change and flow field in four benchmark test cases: (1) shear flow; (2) dam break; (3) travelling and reflection of solitary wave and (4) solitary wave over a submerged object. The computational results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, experimental data and previous numerical simulations using a RANS‐VOF method. The simulations reveal some interesting free‐surface phenomena such as the free‐surface vortices, air entrapment and wave deformation over a submerged object. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.