Numerical model and hydrodynamic performance of tuna finlets

Finlets, a series of small individual triangular fins located along the dorsal and ventral midlines of the body, are remarkable specializations of tuna and other scombrid fishes capable of high-speed swimming. In this study, a symmetric model containing nine finlets of tuna is proposed to overcome the limitation of measurement without losing authenticity. Hydrodynamic performance along with three-dimensional flow structures obtained by direct numerical simulation are demonstrated to disclose the underlying hydrodynamics mechanism of finlets. Complex interactions of leading-edge vortices(LEVs), trialing-edge vortices(TEVs), tip vortices(TVs) and root vortices(RVs) are observed from the three-dimensional vortical structures around the finlets. Two more cases consisting of the 3rd to 9th(without the first two) and the 3rd to 7th(without the first two and the last two) finlets are also simulated to examine the effects of the first two and the last two finlets.     

FOURIER SERIES OF RATIONAL FRACTIONS OF JACOBIAN ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS

In this paper more than ninety of the Fourier series of rational fractions of Jacobian elliptic fumctions sn(u,k), cn(u,k) and dn(u,k) are listed, which cannot be found in the handbood and Ref. [2]. For tile detection and study of chaotic behavior and subharmonic bifurcations in a two-dimensional Hamihonian system subject to external periodic forcing by Melnikov's method, and for studr of some problems of physical science and engineering, these formulas can be used.     

Dynamics of firing patterns, synchronization and resonances in neuronal electrical activities： experiments and analysis

Recent advances in the experimental and theoretical study of dynamics of neuronal electrical firing activities are reviewed. Firstly, some experimental phenomena of neuronal irregular firing patterns, especially chaotic and stochastic firing patterns, are presented, and practical nonlinear time analysis methods are introduced to distinguish deterministic and stochastic mechanism in time series. Secondly, the dynamics of electrical firing activities in a single neuron is concerned, namely, fast-slow dynamics analysis for classification and mechanism of various bursting patterns, one- or two-parameter bifurcation analysis for transitions of firing patterns, and stochastic dynamics of firing activities （stochastic and coherence resonances, integer multiple and other firing patterns induced by noise, etc.）. Thirdly, different types of synchronization of coupled neurons with electrical and chemical synapses are discussed. As noise and time delay are inevitable in nervous systems, it is found that noise and time delay may induce or enhance synchronization and change firing patterns of coupled neurons. Noise-induced resonance and spatiotemporal patterns in coupled neuronal networks are also demonstrated. Finally, some prospects are presented for future research. In consequence, the idea and methods of nonlinear dynamics are of great significance in exploration of dynamic processes and physiological functions of nervous systems.     

Soret and Dufour effects on magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） flow of Casson fluid

This article studies the Soret and Dufour effects on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of the Casson fluid over a stretched surface. The relevant equations are first derived, and the series solution is constructed by the homotopic procedure. The results for velocities, temperature, and concentration fields are displayed and discussed. Numerical values of the skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number for different values of physical parameters are constructed and analyzed. The convergence of the series solutions is examined.     

Transverse vibrations of arbitrary non-uniform beams

Free and steady state forced transverse vibrations of non-uniform beams are investigated with a proposed method, leading to a series solution. The obtained series is verified to be convergent and linearly independent in a convergence test and by the non-zero value of the corresponding Wronski determinant, respectively. The obtained solution is rigorous, which can be reduced to a classical solution for uniform beams. The proposed method can deal with arbitrary non-uniform Euler-Bernoulli beams in principle, but the methods in terms of special functions or elementary functions can only work in some special cases.     

Crystal-Plasticity-Based Dynamic Constitutive Model of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy at Elevated Temperature and with Explicit Plastic-Strain-Rate Control

In this study,a series of experiments were carried out on the AZ31B magnesium alloy,including both a macro-experiment(mechanical experiment)and a micro-experiment(dislocation observation).Next,based on the consideration of the deformation mechanism of magnesium alloys(dislocation slip and twinning),a dynamic constitutive model of the magnesium alloy was established.In the developed model,the strain-rate-sensitivity control and the effect of temperature on the dynamic mechanical performance of the alloy were also investigated.The model parameters were determined by fitting the macroscopic experimental results.Next,the evolution of the micro-deformation mechanism was calculated by the developed model,and the trend of macro-mechanical behavior was also discussed.     

MODELING NONLINEAR DYNAMICS OF CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BEDS USING NEURAL NETWORKS

In the present work, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were proposed to model nonlinear dynamic behaviors of local voidage fluctuations induced by highly turbulent interactions between the gas and solid phases in circulating fluidized beds. The fluctuations of local voidage were measured by using an optical transmittance probe at various axial and radial positions in a circulating fluidized bed with a riser of 0.10 m in inner diameter and 10 m in height. The ANNs trained with experimental time series were applied to make short-term and long-term predictions of dynamic characteristics in the circulating fluidized bed. An early stop approach was adopted to enhance the long-term prediction capability of ANNs. The performance of the trained ANN was evaluated in terms of time-averaged characteristics, power spectra, cycle number and short-term predictability analysis of time series measured and predicted by the model.     

GRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS——Materials Science and Engineering The University of Tennessee,Knoxville

A number of (1) Ph.D. graduate research fellowships, (2) postdoctoral fellowships, and (3) undergraduate research fellowships are available immediately in the area of neutron-diffraction materials research. Candidates with strong backgrounds in Materials Science, Metallurgy (including Processing, and Mechanical/Physical Behavior), Computational Materials Science, Mechanical/Civil Engineering, Physics, Computer Science and Engineering, or a related field are encouraged to apply. The research activities will focus on the subjects of (1) in-situ neutron-diffraction characterization of mechanical behavior (plasticity, twinning, fatigue, and creep deformation) of advanced ma-     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO METALS WITH CORE-SHELL STRUCTURE

Using AUcore-Ptshell as an example, the synthesis and characterization of nano metals with core-shell structure is demonstrated in a systematic study on the amount-dependent morphology change in a series of Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized using chemical reduction. While the amount of Au precursor is kept constant throughout the whole series of compounds to obtain a fixed Au core size (-7.5 nm), the Au/Pt ratio is varied from 1/1 to 1/4 in order to synthesize Pt shell layers of different thickness. We observed a remarkable shift of surface plasmon band to around 410 nm. With the aid of high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the composition of the shell layer is found to be a Pt-enriched Au-Pt alloy. As the amount of Pt increases, string-like Pt clusters form on the surface of the nanoparticles. The average diameter of these Pt clusters is about 2 nm. This special structure may possess unique catalytic properties.     

Fundamental properties of elasto-plastic matrix and existence and uniqueness of elasto-plastic stress and displacement

Based on the assumption that the yield criterionF(,)=0 is a differentiable surface in stress space and by starting from a specially defined real Euclidean space, the fundamental properties of the elasto-plastic matrix in the incremental theory of plasticity is discussed in detail. By using these results, a convex analysis is made to prove the existence and uniqueness of 1) the distribution of incremental elasto-plastic stress for work-hardening materrials; 2) the displacement distribution for work-hardening materials. Material isotropy is assumed in all discussions of relevant problems.     

双炔酸聚合LB膜结构及其摩擦磨损行为研究

采用垂直提拉法将单层双炔酸膜转移到云母基片上,同时将13层双炔酸膜转移到经过亲水处理的单晶硅片和石英片上,使双炔酸在紫外光照射下发生拓扑聚合制备双炔酸聚合LB膜,并对双炔酸和经紫外光照射后聚合双炔酸LB膜的结构及摩擦磨损特性进行研究.结果表明:双炔酸在可见区无吸收峰,但经紫外光照射后因双炔酸聚合后形成的共轭大π键在可见区出现了吸收峰;双炔酸LB膜均匀平整,厚度约为3.5 nm,聚合后其结构发生变化,厚度降至约1.5 nm;而聚合后双炔酸LB膜的减摩性能基本保持不变,聚合前后双炔酸LB膜的摩擦系数不随载荷而变化,符合阿芒顿定律,其抗磨特性得到明显提高;磨痕结果充分表明聚合双炔酸耐磨性能较好.     

Electrogas- and electrohydrodynamic control of gas and liquid jets and flows

The physical and mathematical principles of the method of electrogas-and electrohydrodynamic conversion of electrical signals to pneumatic (hydraulic) signals and vice versa for control of gas and liquid jets and flows in electropneumohydraulic systems are considered. St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg 195251. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 25–31, March–April, 2000.     

Analysis of evaporative cooling and enhancement of condenser efficiency and of coefficient of performance

The graphical method to determine with the aid of a Mollier i - x diagram (psychrometric chart) combined heat and mass transfer is simulated by a computer program. Heat rejection rates from a plate-fin tube type condenser are determined for various flow rates and inlet state conditions of air and for different degrees of wetting of the heat transfer surfaces. The presence of water and the cooling by latent heat makes it possible to exchange more heat than the unwetted exchanger would even for idealized conditions of infinite heat transfer coefficient of the air. The evaporative cooled condenser also can exchange heat with ambient air which has much higher temperature than the condensing fluid. Evaporative cooling increases heat transfer by a factor of more than three for saturated inlet air and greater than five for lower inlet humidities. Wetted heat exchangers require less extended surfaces and can operate effectively with bare tubes only. Wetting the condenser of a refrigeration or heat pump system makes it possible to exchange the condenser load at lower temperatures. This yields an increase of COP of the order of 30 to 60% and therefore a substantial decrease in compressor power and its energy consumption.     

弹性与弹塑性问题的有限元与边界元耦合解法

本文提出了一种新的弹性与弹塑性问题的对称耦合解法。根据分区广义变分原理,直接导出问题的求解方程式。通过典型算例,验证了该方法的有效性,本文建议的方法与超单元形式的耦合法相比,在理论上比较直接,在计算上更为经济。     

Probability of random events of inspection and repair and maintaining reliability of structures

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科学的统一性与力学的范围地位和方向

综述科学的统一性和统一性所决定的科学发展的方向,并从科学统一性的观战简评力不的范围,它在科学上的地位,影响和今后发展的方向。．     

Fatigue and static strength of notched and unnotched aluminum-alloy and steel specimens

This paper describes a method of presentation of fatigue data on three commonly used aircraft materials, 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys and normalized SAE 4130 steel, such that variations in fatigue strength with stress-concentration factor can be shown. Comparisons of the fatigue strengths of 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum are made for the most useful range of stress-concentration factors. Static-strength results of notched and unnotched specimens of the three materials are presented to show how the strength varies with some parameters of the stress concentration. Comparison of the data with one theory for the strength of cracked specimens was made.