CO2 sensing properties of semiconducting copper oxide and spinel ferrite nanocomposite thin film

A new active layer for CO₂ sensing based on semiconducting CuO-Cu_xFe_3−xO₄ (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanocomposite was prepared by radiofrequency sputtering from a delafossite CuFeO₂ target using a specific in situ reduction method followed by post annealing treatment in air. The tenorite-spinel ferrite nanocomposite layer was deposited on a simplified test device and the response in a carbon dioxide atmosphere was measured by varying the concentration up to 5000 ppm, at different working temperatures (130-475 °C) and frequencies (0.5-250 kHz). The results showed a high response of 50% (Rair/RCO₂=1.9) at 250 °C and 700 Hz for a CO₂ concentration of 5000 ppm.     

强磁场下Sm-Fe薄膜不同晶态组织演化及磁性能调控

针对Sm-Fe薄膜的不同晶态组织演化和磁性能调控问题,采用分子束气相沉积方法制备Sm-Fe薄膜时,通过改变Sm含量、膜厚和强磁场来调节薄膜的晶态和磁性能.结果表明,Sm含量可以调节Sm-Fe薄膜的晶态组织演化,而晶态组织的演化和强磁场对磁性能有显著影响.Sm-Fe薄膜在Sm原子比为5.8%时是体心立方晶态组织,在Sm含量为33.0%时为非晶态组织,而膜厚和强磁场不会影响薄膜的晶态组织.非晶态薄膜的表面粗糙度和表面颗粒尺寸都比晶态薄膜的小,施加6 T强磁场会使表面颗粒尺寸增大,而表面粗糙度降低.非晶态薄膜的饱和磁化强度M_s比晶态薄膜的M_s(1466 emu/cm~3,1 emu/cm~3=4π×10-10T)低约47.6%,施加6 T强磁场使非晶态和晶态薄膜的M_s均降低约50%.Sm-Fe薄膜的矫顽力H_c在6—130 Oe(1 Oe=103/(4π)A/m)之间,其中,非晶态薄膜的H_c比晶态薄膜的H_c大.施加6 T强磁场使晶态薄膜的H_c增大,而使非晶态薄膜的H_c减小,最高可以减少95%.结果表明含量和强磁场可以用于调控Sm-Fe薄膜的晶态和磁性能.     

Advances in high throughput screening of gas sensing materials

The workflow of a high throughput screening setup for the rapid identification of new and improved gas sensor materials is presented. The polyol method was applied to prepare nanoparticulate metal oxides as base materials. These materials have been modified by surface and volume doping. Using multielectrode substrates and high throughput impedance spectroscopy (HT-IS) a wide range of materials could be screened on a short time scale. Selected examples reflect the state of the art for applying HT-IS in search of new selective gas sensing materials.     

强磁场对不同厚度Fe-Ni纳米多晶薄膜的生长过程及磁性能的影响

有无6 T强磁场条件下, 利用分子束气相沉积方法制备了21 nm和235 nm厚的Fe-Ni纳米多晶薄膜. 研究发现, 0 T时, 21 nm厚的薄膜是晶粒堆叠而成, 晶粒尺寸为6–7 nm; 6 T时, 21 nm厚的薄膜首先在基片表面形成了晶粒相互连接的5 nm平坦层, 晶粒沿基片表面拉长, 随后以6–7 nm尺寸的晶粒堆叠而成; 0 T时, 235 nm厚度的薄膜生长初期平均晶粒尺寸为3.6 nm, 生长中期平均晶粒尺寸为5.6 nm, 生长末期薄膜近似柱状方式生长, 晶粒沿生长方向拉长; 6 T时, 235 nm厚度的薄膜在基片表面也形成了晶粒相互连接的5 nm平坦层, 晶粒沿基片表面拉长, 随后以尺寸均匀的6.1 nm晶粒堆叠而成; 而且, 6 T强磁场使得不同厚度薄膜的面外与面内矫顽力都降低.     

Defect characterization and magnetic properties in un-doped ZnO thin film annealed in a strong magnetic field

Highly c-axis oriented un-doped zinc oxide（Zn O） thin films, each with a thickness of ～ 100 nm, are deposited on Si（001） substrates by pulsed electron beam deposition at a temperature of ～ 320℃, followed by annealing at 650℃ in argon in a strong magnetic field. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, positron annihilation analysis（PAS）, and electron paramagnetic resonance（EPR） characterizations suggest that the major defects generated in these Zn O films are oxygen vacancies. Photoluminescence（PL） and magnetic property measurements indicate that the room-temperature ferromagnetism in the un-doped Zn O film originates from the singly ionized oxygen vacancies whose number depends on the strength of the magnetic field applied in the thermal annealing process. The effects of the magnetic field on the defect generation in the Zn O films are also discussed.     

Statistic properties of Fermi gas in a strong magnetic field

Based on the thermodynamic potential function of Fermi gas in a strong magnetic field, using the thermodynamics method, the integrated analytical expressions of thermodynamic quantities of the system at low temperatures are derived, and the effects of the magnetic field on the statistic properties of the system are analysed. It is shown that, as long as the temperature is not zero, the effects of the magnetic field on the thermodynamic quantities of the system contain both oscillatory and non-oscillatory parts. For the non-oscillatory part, compared with the situation of Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field, the influence of the magnetic field on the thermodynamic quantities is not exactly the same. For the oscillatory part, the period and amplitude of the oscillation are all related to the magnetic field. Due to the oscillation, the chemical potential may be greater than Ferim energy of the system, but the oscillation does not affect the thermodynamic stability of the system.     

Non-linear transport by solitons in nanofibers of polymers in high magnetic field

Nonlinear local excitations like solitons, polarons, and bipolarons are known to be responsible for physical properties of conducting polymers. Recent experiments on nano-fibers in high electric and magnetic fields provide a further insight by demonstrating an effect of vanishing magnetoconductance (MC) in the polyacetylene (PA)—in contrast to other polymers. Here we present new experimental data and describe the theoretical model based on notion of solitons—dimerization kinks which can carry either the spin or the charge; they are allowed only in the PA with its degenerate ground state. The solitons experience a confinement force due to the interchange coupling which is erased by the electric field and disappears above critical field strength. The unbinding by tunneling allows for the transport of individual solitons, which sweeps off the spins residing at electronic intragap states associated with polarons, hence the vanishing MC.     

磁场辅助热处理金属化碳纳米管场发射性能

利用化学镀方法对多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWNTs)表面金属化镀镍(MWNTs/Ni),采用丝网印刷制备MWNTs/Ni场发射阴极,并在磁场辅助下热处理所得阴极,研究磁场辅助热处理对MWNTs/Ni阴极的场发射性能的影响,经300mT磁场辅助热处理的MWNTs/Ni的场发射阴极开启场强约为0.80V·μm~(-1),场增强因子β约为16068,对单根MWNTs/Ni在磁场中的受力情况进行建模分析,实验结果表明:磁场辅助热处理有助于提高MWNTs/Ni在阴极表面的直立分布,提高了MWNTs/Ni的场发射性能。     

外加磁场对磁控溅射制备氮化硅陷光薄膜的影响

在基底与靶材之间放置磁性强弱不同的永久磁铁来研究外加磁 场对磁控溅射制备氮化硅陷光薄膜的影响. 通过X射线衍射、原子力显微镜 (AFM) 以及紫外分光光度计分别测试了外加磁场前后所制备薄膜的组织结构、表面形貌和光学性能. 结果表明, 外加磁场后, 氮化硅薄膜依然呈现非晶结构; 但是表面形貌发生明显改变, 中心磁场1.50 T下, 薄膜表面为特殊锥状尖峰结构"类金字塔"的突起, 而且这些突起颗粒垂直于基底表面; 在 可见光及近红外范围内, 中心磁场1.50 T 下的薄膜样品平均透射率最大, 平均透射率达到90% 以上, 比未加磁场的样品提高了近1 倍, 具有很好的陷光特性. 关键词： 外加磁场 磁控溅射 氮化硅薄膜 陷光效应     

Thermodynamic and magnetic properties of the electron gas in the inhomogeneous magnetic field Hr−1

The nonrelativistic and relativistic energy eigenvalues of the electron in the inhomogeneous magnetic fieldH _z =Hr ⁻¹,r=(x ² +y ²)^1/2 are derived in a form displaying the explicit spin dependence. The possibility of magnetic hydrogen atom formation and the spontaneouse ⁺ e ⁻ pair creation following from these eigenvalues is mentioned. The expressions for pressure, energy, particle number and magnetic moment of an electron gas in this IMF are calculated in the degenerate limit. The possibility of spontaneous magnetisation,i.e., ferromagnetic behaviour, is established. Further, the pressure of the electron gas in the same type of fields is an order of magnitude higher than those in a homogeneous magnetic field and crossed homogeneous electric and magnetic fields for comparable field strengths.     

强磁场对不同厚度Fe80Ni20薄膜的微观结构及磁性能的影响

有无6 T强磁场条件下利用分子束气相沉积方法制备了不同厚度的Fe₈₀Ni₂₀薄膜. 研究发现, 薄膜的面内矫顽力随厚度增加而降低且符合Neel理论; 矩形比随厚度的增加先快速增大后缓慢降低; 6 T磁场抑制了颗粒团聚及异常长大, 并降低了薄膜表面的粗糙度, 这使薄膜的矫顽力要小于无磁场作用的薄膜, 矩形比大于无磁场作用的薄膜; 而且薄膜在垂直于基片表面的6 T磁场作用下由0 T下的面内磁各向异性转变为磁各向同性. 关键词： 强磁场 气相沉积 微观结构 磁性能     

Effect of a high magnetic field on the morphology and magnetic properties of the MnBi compound during the Mn1.08Bi-MnBi phase transformation process

Effect of a 10 T high magnetic field on the morphology and magnetic properties of the MnBi compounds during the Mn_1.08Bi-MnBi phase transformation has been investigated. Results indicate that the field has split the MnBi crystal along the (0 0 1)-crystal plane during the Mn_1.08Bi-MnBi phase transformation process and the split MnBi crystals align and aggregate along the magnetic field direction. Along with the change of the MnBi phase morphology, the magnetic property changes greatly. Indeed, with the alignment and aggregation of the spit MnBi phases, the saturation magnetization M_s and the magnetic susceptibility χ increase, and the coercive field H_c and the remnant magnetization M_r decrease. This implies that a high magnetic field may have caused the magnetic property of the MnBi phase to transform towards soft magnetism. Above results may be attributed to the enhancement of the magnetization and the Mn_1.08Bi-MnBi phase transformation in a high magnetic field.     

Fabrication and magnetic properties of hexagonal BaFe12O19 ferrite obtained by magnetic-field-assisted hydrothermal process

High magnetic field effects on the microstructure and magnetic properties of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ hexaferrites synthesized hydrothermal method have been investigated. The obtained results indicate that the lattice constant decreases gradually as the magnetic field strength increases, which may be attributed to the lattice distortion resulted from the high magnetic field. Polycrystalline BaFe₁₂O₁₉ samples prepared under magnetic field strength at zero and 5 T are single phase. It is found that application of external magnetic field during synthesis can induce orientated growth of the hexaferrite crystals along the easy magnetic axis. The magnetic properties can be effectively regulated by an application of high magnetic fields. It is observed that the BaFe₁₂O₁₉ prepared under a 5 T magnetic field exhibits a higher room-temperature saturation magnetization (66.3 emu/g) than that of the sample (43.6 emu/g) obtained without magnetic field. The results can be explained as the enhanced crystalline, improvement of Fe³⁺ ions occupancy and the oriented growth induced by the external magnetic field. The growing orientation of particles gives rise to increased coercivity due to the enhancement in shape anisotropy. It is expected that an application of magnetic field during the formation of magnetic nanoparticles could be a promising technique to modify magnetic properties with excellent performance.     

脉冲强磁场下稀土材料的发光行为研究

脉冲强磁场具有峰值磁场强及扫场速度快的特点,在一个磁场脉冲内可获得从零场到最高磁场强度的全部数据,因而测量结果具有较高的精确度和对比度。稀土发光材料因具有发光谱线丰富、发光效率高的特点,在照明、显示和传感等领域有着广泛的应用。在强磁场作用下,稀土发光材料展现出发光强度和颜色可调的特征,在磁场传感、磁场标定和磁控发光器件等方面有重要应用价值。文章利用武汉国家脉冲强磁场科学中心磁光测量装置,系统地研究了铒、铕等稀土元素掺杂的发光材料在脉冲强磁场作用下的发光光谱、发光强度以及精细能级结构等特征随磁场变化的规律,初步探索了脉冲强磁场下的磁光谱在晶体结构分析、能级结构确定、磁场标定以及磁场传感等方面的应用。     

Unified properties of a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field

When the orbital motion and the spin motion of particles were considered simultaneously, the thermodynamic potential function of a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field was derived using the thermodynamics method. Based on the derived expression, the analytical expressions of energy, heat capacity, chemical potential, susceptibility and stability conditions of the system were given, and the effects of the interparticle interactions as well as the magnetic field on the properties of the system were analyzed. It was shown that the magnetic field always causes energy and stability to decrease, while the chemical potential of the system to increase. The repulsive (attractive) interactions always increase (decrease) energy and stability, but decrease (increase) the chemical potential and paramagnetism. The repulsive (attractive) interactions decrease (increase) heat capacity of the system at high temperatures but increase (decrease) it at low temperatures.     

脉冲磁场下水热法制备Cr掺杂ZnO稀磁 半导体晶体

本文以ZnCl₂, CrCl₃. 6H₂O和氨水缓冲溶液为原料, 在4T脉冲磁场下水热法制备了Cr掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体晶体, 通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜观察及采用振动样品磁强计进行磁性分析等, 探讨了脉冲磁场对其微观结构及磁性能的影响. 结果表明: Cr掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体晶体仍保持ZnO的六方纤锌矿结构, 脉冲磁场具有促进晶粒生长及取向排列的作用, 4T脉冲磁场条件下合成的Cr掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体具有良好的室温铁磁性, 其饱和磁化强度(M_s)为0.068 emu/g, 而无脉冲磁场情况下制备的样品室温下呈顺磁性, 并且, 脉冲磁场下制备将稀磁半导体的居里温度提高了16 K.     

UV-activated gas sensing properties of ZnS nanorods functionalized with Pd

Pd-functionalized ZnS nanorods were prepared for use as gas sensors. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the diameters and lengths of the nanorods ranging from 30 to 80 nm and from 2 to 5 μm, respectively. The diameter of Pd nanoparticles ranged from 2 to 5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that ZnS nanorods and Pd nanoparticles were monocrystalline and amorphous, respectively. The responses of multiple networked ZnS nanorods sensors to 1–5 ppm NO₂ were increased substantially by a combination of Pd functionalization and UV irradiation. Pristine ZnS nanorod sensors at room temperature in the dark showed a response (∼100%) almost independent of NO₂ concentration in a NO₂ concentration range of 1–5 ppm. Pristine ZnS nanorod sensors showed enhanced responses of 214–603% to 1–5 ppm NO₂ at room temperature under UV illumination. Pd-functionalized ZnS nanorods sensors showed further enhanced responses of 355–1511% to 1–5 ppm NO₂ at room temperature under UV illumination. The NO₂ gas sensing mechanism of the Pd-functionalized ZnS nanorods sensors under UV illumination is discussed in depth.     

Energy structure of Er-2O center in GaAs:Er,O studied by high magnetic field photoluminescence measurement

We perform photoluminescence measurement of GaAs:Er,O under a pulsed magnetic field up to 60 T and succeed to obtain the magnetic field dependence of three main photoluminescence peaks. We also estimate the energy splitting of states ⁴I_15/2 and ⁴I_13/2 using the crystal field theory. Theoretically calculated energy differences between the lowest state of J= and the lowest three states of J= are in good agreement with experimentally obtained energy of three main PL peaks. We discuss the local configuration around the luminescent Er-2O center. By using parameters in the crystal field calculation, our analysis suggest that not only O²⁻ sites but also As³⁻ sites adjacent to Er³⁺ ion are displaced from their original lattice positions.     

强磁场中弱相互作用费米气体的热力学性质

基于赝势法和局域密度近似研究了强磁场中弱相互作用费米气体的热力学性质,得出化学势、总能和热容量的解析式,同时分析了磁场及相互作用对系统热力学性质的影响.研究表明,无论是高温情况还是低温情况下,磁场都能调节相互作用的影响.低温下,与无磁场的系统相比,磁场降低系统的化学势、总能和热容量;与无相互作用系统相比,排斥作用增加化学势而降低总能及热容量.高温下,磁场和排斥作用均可降低系统的总能而增加热容量,强磁场可以改变相互作用对总能及热容量的影响. 关键词： 强磁场 弱相互作用 费米气体 热力学性质     

高磁场磁共振超导磁体电源的拓扑设计与分析

针对高磁场磁共振大孔径人体成像系统中超导磁体电源在励磁时向磁体充能、退磁时把能量“逆变” 回电网的设计要求,比较了两种能量回馈型的拓扑结构。通过 Matlab 仿真分析,验证了拟采用的拓扑结构的合 理性。