On a cubic variational problem

An extremal curve of the simplest variational problem is a continuously differentiable function. Hilbert’s differentiability theorem provides a sufficient condition for the existence of the second derivative of an extremal curve. It is desirable to have a simple example in which the condition of Hilbert’s theorem is violated and an extremal curve is not twice differentiable.In this paper, a cubic variational problem with the following properties is analyzed. The functional of the problem is bounded neither above nor below. There exists an extremal curve for this problem which is obtained by sewing together two different extremal curves and not twice differentiable at the sewing point. Despite this unfavorable situation, an attempt to apply the method of steepest descent (in the form proposed by V.F. Dem’yanov) to this problem is made. It turns out that the method converges to a stationary curve provided that a suitable step size rule is chosen.     

光滑Jordan.曲线上一类极值多项式的逼近性质

关于Bieberbach多项式的逼近性质已有许多精彩结果,然而Jordan曲线上极值多项式的逼近性质却很少被考察.本文得到了C^1+α光滑Jordan曲线上一类极值多项式的一些逼近结果.     

Mappings by the solutions of second-order elliptic equations

The properties of mappings by the solutions of second-order elliptic partial differential equations in the plane are studied. We obtain conditions on a function, continuous on the unit circle, that are sufficient for the solution of the Dirichlet problem in the open unit disk for the given equation with the given boundary function to be a homeomorphism between the open unit disk and a Jordan simply connected domain. The properties of the zeros of the solutions of the given equations are also studied. In particular, an analog of the main theorem of algebra is proved for polynomial solutions.     

Zur approximation des transfiniten durchmessers bei bis auf ecken analytischen geschlossenen jordankurven

LetC be a closed Jordan curve in the complex plane and letf(z)=dz+a ₀+a ₁ z ^?1+… be the analytic function mapping |z|>1 schlicht onto the exterior ofC (d>0 is the transfinite diameter ofC). Similar to the Fekete points a point system will be defined calledextremal points. One can use the Fekete points or the extremal points to approximated. The author has proved [3] that in the case of an analytic closed Jordan curve the approximation ofd by means of extremal points is much better than the approximation ofd by the use of Fekete points. Here we show how to approximated by means of extremal points in the case of a piecewise analytic, closed Jordan curve possessing corners of openingαπ (0<α<2).     

Bilipschitz homogeneity and inner diameter distance

We prove that a Jordan plane domain whose boundary is bilipschitz homogeneous with respect to its inner diameter distance is a John disk. This opens the door to an abundance of equivalent conditions. We characterize such domains in terms of quasiconformal mappings as well as their Riemann maps. We introduce the notion of an inner diameter distance Jordan disk and present related results for these spaces.     

一类带p-Laplace型算子的高阶两点边值问题的极值解

本文主要研究一类带p-Laplace型算子的n(≥3)阶非线性常微分方程-[φ(u(n-1)(t))]'=f(t,u(t)), a.e.t∈[a,b]满足两点边界条件u(i)(a)=Ai, i＝0,1,…,n-3, u(n-1)(a)=A, u(n-1)(b)=B的边值问题极值解的存在性,这里φ:R→R=(-∞,+∞)是递增的同胚,f:[a,b]×R→R是L 1-Carathéodory函数,A,B,Ai,Bi∈R,i=0,1,…,n-3.主要利用基于反极大值原理的单调迭代方法,得到了上述边值问题极值解的存在性结果.     

Local structure of ideal shapes of knots

Relatively extremal knots are the relative minima of the ropelength functional in the C¹ topology. They are the relative maxima of the thickness (normal injectivity radius) functional on the set of curves of fixed length, and they include the ideal knots. We prove that a C1,1 relatively extremal knot in Rn either has constant maximal (generalized) curvature, or its thickness is equal to half of the double critical self distance. This local result also applies to the links. Our main approach is to show that the shortest curves with bounded curvature and C¹ boundary conditions in Rn contain CLC (circle-line-circle) curves, if they do not have constant maximal curvature.     

A combinatorial approach to cartograms

A homeomorphism from ² to itself distorts metric quantities, such as distance and area. We describe an algorithm that constructs homeomorphisms with prescribed area distortion. Such homeomorphisms can be used to generate cartograms, which are geographic maps purposely distorted so their area distributions reflects a variable different from area, as for example population density. The algorithm generates the homeomorphism through a sequence of local piecewise linear homeomorphic changes. Sample results produced by the preliminary implementation of the method are included.     

The colorings of homeomorphisms on connected graphs

In this paper, we decide the exact value of the color number of a fixed point free homeomorphism on a connected locally finite graph. We prove that for every fixed-point free homeomorphism from a connected locally finite graph into itself, the greatest common divisor of all period for its map is equal to one or three if and only if its color number is 4.     

Sewings of crumpled cubes revisited

This paper sets forth three mismatch properties, strictly ordered in strength, about sewings of crumpled n-cubes. The strongest is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for a sewing to yield Sn, and the weakest, a necessary but not sufficient one. We show that when both crumpled cubes satisfies the Disjoint Disks Property, then the weakest property implies the sewing yields Sn, and we also show that the intermediate property leads to the same conclusion when just one of the crumpled cubes possesses the Disjoint Disks Property. In addition, we develop examples that confirm sharpness of the relevant Disjoint Disks conditions.     

Cohomological rigidity and the number of homeomorphism types for small covers over prisms

In this paper, based upon the basic theory for glued manifolds in M.W. Hirsch (1976) [8, Chapter 8, §2 Gluing Manifolds Together], we give a method of constructing homeomorphisms between two small covers over simple convex polytopes. As a result we classify, up to homeomorphism, all small covers over a 3-dimensional prism P³(m) with m?3. We introduce two invariants from colored prisms and other two invariants from ordinary cohomology rings with Z₂-coefficients of small covers. These invariants can form a complete invariant system of homeomorphism types of all small covers over a prism in most cases. Then we show that the cohomological rigidity holds for all small covers over a prism P³(m) (i.e., cohomology rings with Z₂-coefficients of all small covers over a P³(m) determine their homeomorphism types). In addition, we also calculate the number of homeomorphism types of all small covers over P³(m).     

单位圆到凸区域上的调和拟共形映照

设F（x）=p（x）e^ir（x）为单位圆周到约当凸曲线Γ上的保向同胚映照.本文证明:若ess inf|F’（x）|>0且对于一切的φ∈R有|F（φ+x）+F（φ-x）-2F（φ）|≤M|x|^α,这里α>1,M为正常数,则ω=P[F]（z）为单位圆到凸区域Ω=int（Γ）上为调和拟共形映照.     

REMARKS ON JOHN DISKS

Let D■R2 be a Jordan domain,D*=R2\D,the exterior of D.In this article,the authors obtained the following results:(1)If D is a John disk,then D is an outer linearly locally connected domain;(2)If D* is a John disk,then D is an inner linearly locally connected domain;(3)A homeomorphism f:R 2 →R 2 is a quasiconformal mapping if and only if f(D)is a John disk for any John disk D■R 2 ;and(4)If D is a bounded quasidisk,then D is a John disk,and there exists an unbounded quasidisk which is not a John disk.     

von Neumann代数中CSL子代数上的Jordan(α,β)-导子

设■是Hilbert空间H上的von Neumann代数的CSL子代数.本文证明了,在一定的条件下,■上的Jordan(α,β)-导子是(α,β)-导子,其中α,β是■上的两个自同构.还证明了在没有添加任何条件的情况之下,CSL代数上的任意Jordan(α,β)-导子是(α,β)-导子.另外,讨论了von Neumann代数中的CSL子代数上的n次幂(α,β)-映射.     

Periodic jordan rings and order structure

The aim of this paper is to obtain information about a periodic Jordan ring by using only properties of its idempotent elements. Osborn proves that a power-associative periodic ring having only one nonzero idempotent element is a division ring. so associative. He also proves that a periodic Jordan ring is a subdirect product of simple periodic Jordan rings and that a simple periodic Jordan ring is either a periodic field or a Jordan ring of capacity 2. Using these results we obtain some necessary and suficient conditions for a periodic Jordan ring to be associative, and these conditions are only given in terms of the idempotent elements. We also characterize the periodic Jordan ring which are a direct product of periodic fields and simple periodic Jordan rings of capacity two.     

Global inversion and covering maps on length spaces

In order to obtain global inversion theorems for mappings between length metric spaces, we investigate sufficient conditions for a local homeomorphism to be a covering map in this context. We also provide an estimate of the domain of invertibility of a local homeomorphism around a point, in terms of a kind of lower scalar derivative. As a consequence, we obtain an invertibility result using an analog of the Hadamard integral condition in the frame of length spaces. Some applications are given to the case of local diffeomorphisms between Banach-Finsler manifolds. Finally, we derive a global inversion theorem for mappings between stratified groups.     

Stationary-excess operator and convex stochastic orders

The present paper aims to point out how the stationary-excess operator and its iterates transform s-convex stochastic orders and the associated moment spaces. This allows us to propose a new unified method on constructing s-convex extrema for distributions that are known to be t-monotone. Both discrete and continuous cases are investigated. Several extremal distributions under monotonicity conditions are derived. They are illustrated with some applications in insurance.     

Quasiconformal concordance

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair of homeomorphism ofR ⁿ to be quasiconformally concordant.     

On Dilatations and Substantial Boundary Points of Homeomorphisms of Jordan Curves

We study the relation between the dilatations K_h and K_h* of a homeomorphism h of Jordan curves. We show that if K_h= K_h*, then either h is induced by an affine map or there is a substantial boundary point for h. In particular, we prove that if h is symmetric (in the sense of Gardiner and Sullivan), then K_h* > K_h. This is quite contrary to a previously conjectured relation between K_h and K_h*.     

Ideal Turaev-Viro invariants

Turaev-Viro invariants are defined via state sum polynomials associated to a special spine or a triangulation of a compact 3-manifold. By evaluation of the state sum at any solution of the so-called Biedenharn-Elliott equations, one obtains a homeomorphism invariant of the manifold (“numerical Turaev-Viro invariant”). The Biedenharn-Elliott equations define a polynomial ideal. The key observation of this paper is that the coset of the state sum polynomial with respect to that ideal is a homeomorphism invariant of the manifold (“ideal Turaev-Viro invariant”), stronger than the numerical Turaev-Viro invariants. Using computer algebra, we obtain computational results on several examples of ideal Turaev-Viro invariants, for all closed orientable irreducible manifolds of complexity at most 9.