Noncommutative Constrained KP Hierarchy and Multi-component Noncommutative Constrained KP Hierarchy

In this paper, the authors define the noncommutative constrained Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy and multi-component noncommutative constrained KP hierarchy. Then they give the recursion operators for the noncommutative constrained KP (NcKP) hierarchy and multi-component noncommutative constrained KP (NmcKP) hierarchy. The authors hope these studies might be useful in the study of D-brane dynamics whose noncommutative coordinates emerge from limits of the M theory and string theory.     

约束离散KP方程族的完全Virasoro对称

首先讨论了约束离散KP可积方程族一种等价形式:差分算子的商.接下来,利用这种新的描述形式,构造了约束离散KP方程族的完全Virasoro对称.     

约束KP系列的广义Wronskian解

Kadomstev-Petviashvili(KP)系列的r-函数能够表示成生成函数的广义Wronskian行列式,这里的生成函数满足一组线性偏微分方程.本文引入一种新的方法把由规范变换Tn+k生成的KP系列约化到M(相似文献   

THE RECURSION OPERATOR FOR A CONSTRAINED CKP HIERARCHY

This paper gives a recursion operator for a 1-constrained CKP hierarchy, and by the recursion operator it proves that the 1-constrained CKP hierarchy can be reduced to the mKdV hierarchy under condition q = r.     

KP系统Lax算子及主对称的换位公式

本文讨论的是ＫＰ系统Ｌａｘ算子及主对称的换位公式．通过拓广速降函数空间及对 ＫＰ方程 Ｌａｘ算子的讨论,找到了 Ｌａｘ算子的表示向量;并通过对 Ｌａｘ算子、 Ｌａｘ流、 Ｌａｘ算子表示向量之间联系的讨论,得出了计算 Ｌａｘ算子李括号的表示向量的方法,从而解决了 ＫＰ方程主对称的换位公式问题．最后本文还利用伴随算子给出了从ＫＰ方程任一主对称得到其一个对称的公式．     

BKP 与CKP 可积系列的递归算子

借助于新引进的算子B, 本文给出了BKP 与CKP 可积系列约束条件在其Lax 算子L中的动力学变量上的具体体现, 即奇数阶动力学变量u_2k+1 能被偶数阶动力学变量u_2k 显式表达. 同时本文给出了BKP 与CKP 可积系列的流方程以及(2n + 1)- 约化下递归算子的统一公式, 揭示了BKP 可积系列和CKP 可积系列的重要区别. 作为例子, 本文给出了BKP 与CKP 可积系列在3- 约化下的递归算子的显式表示, 并验证了u₂ 的t₁ 流通过递归算子的确可以产生u₂ 的t₇ 流, 该流方程与3- 约化下产生的对应流方程是一致的.     

On a new generalization of dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy and its reductions

The dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy is generalized by introducing two new time series γ_n and σ_k with two parameters η_n and λ_k. By this hierarchy, we obtain the first type, the second type as well as mixed type of dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with self‐consistent sources and their related conservation equations. In addition, the reduction and constrained flow of this new hierarchy are studied. The first type, the second type and the mixed type of dispersionless Korteweg–de Vries equation with self‐consistent sources and of dispersionless Boussinesq equation with self‐consistent sources are obtained. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

KP reductions and various soliton solutions to the Fokas–Lenells equation under nonzero boundary condition

In this paper, we clarify the connection of the Fokas–Lenells (FL) equation to the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP)–Toda hierarchy by using a set of bilinear equations as a bridge and confirm multidark soliton solution to the FL equation previously given by Matsuno (J. Phys. A 2012 45 (475202). We also show that the set of bilinear equations in the KP–Toda hierarchy can be generated from a single discrete KP equation via Miwa transformation. Based on this finding, we further deduce the multibreather and general rogue wave solutions to the FL equation. The dynamical behaviors and patterns for both the breather and rogue wave solutions are illustrated and analyzed.     

Darboux Transformations from n-KdV to KP

The iterated Darboux transformations of an ordinary differential operator are constructively parametrized by an infinite-dimensional Grassmannian of finitely supported distributions. In the case that the operator depends on time parameters so that it is a solution to the n-KdV hierarchy, it is shown that the transformation produces a solution of the KP hierarchy. The standard definitions of the theory of -functions are applied to this Grassmannian and it is shown that these new -functions are quotients of KP -functions. The application of this procedure for the construction of higher rank KP solutions is discussed.     

BKP方程族的Pfaffian解

本文从约化的角度考虑BKP方程族的Pfaffian形式的解.证明了通过施加适当的微分约束,KP方程族的格拉姆行列式的解很自然的约化为BKP方程族的解.     

Tau-function formulation for bright,dark soliton and breather solutions to the massive Thirring model

In the present paper, we are concerned with the link between the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Toda (KP–Toda) hierarchy and the massive Thirring (MT) model. First, we bilinearize the MT model under both the vanishing and nonvanishing boundary conditions. Starting from a set of bilinear equations of two-component KP–Toda hierarchy, we derive multibright solution to the MT model. Then, considering a set of bilinear equations of the single-component KP–Toda hierarchy, multidark soliton and multibreather solutions to the MT model are constructed by imposing constraints on the parameters in two types of tau function, respectively. The dynamics and properties of one- and two-soliton for bright, dark soliton and breather solutions are analyzed in details.     

Dynamics and interaction scenarios of localized wave structures in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-based system

In this letter, we investigate the dynamics and various interaction scenarios of localized wave structures in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP)-based system. By using a combination of the Hirota’s bilinear method and the KP hierarchy reduction method, new families of determinant semi-rational solutions of the KP-based system are derived, including lump solitons and rogue-wave solitons. The generic interaction scenarios between distinct types of localized wave solutions are investigated. Our detailed study reveals different types of interaction phenomena: fusion of lumps and line solitons into line solitons, fission of line solitons into lumps and line solitons, a mixture of fission and fusion processes of lumps and line solitons, and the inelastic collision of line rogue waves and line solitons.     

Virasoro symmetry of the constrained multicomponent Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy and its integrable discretization

We construct Virasoro-type additional symmetries of a kind of constrained multicomponent Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy and obtain the Virasoro flow equation for the eigenfunctions and adjoint eigenfunctions. We show that the algebraic structure of the Virasoro symmetry is retained under discretization from the constrained multicomponent KP hierarchy to the discrete constrained multicomponent KP hierarchy.     

A new extended dispersionless mKP hierarchy and hodograph solution

In this article, a new extended dispersionless mKP hierarchy (exdmKPH) is constructed to obtain two types of dispersionless mKP equations with self-consistent sources (dmKPSCS) and their associated conservation equations. Two reductions of this hierarchy are used to get two types of the corresponding dispersionless mKdV equations with self-consistent sources (dmKdVSCS). A hodograph solution for the first type of dmKdVSCS and Bäcklund transformation between the extended dispersionless KP hierarchy (exdKPH) and exdmKPH are also given.     

KP hierarchy for Hodge integrals

Starting from the ELSV formula, we derive a number of new equations on the generating functions for Hodge integrals over the moduli space of complex curves. This gives a new simple and uniform treatment of certain known results on Hodge integrals like Witten's conjecture, Virasoro constrains, Faber's λg-conjecture, etc. Among other results we show that a properly arranged generating function for Hodge integrals satisfies the equations of the KP hierarchy.     

The KP hierarchy, branched covers, and triangulations

The KP hierarchy is a completely integrable system of quadratic, partial differential equations that generalizes the KdV hierarchy. A linear combination of Schur functions is a solution to the KP hierarchy if and only if its coefficients satisfy the Plücker relations from geometry. We give a solution to the Plücker relations involving products of variables marking contents for a partition, and thus give a new proof of a content product solution to the KP hierarchy, previously given by Orlov and Shcherbin. In our main result, we specialize this content product solution to prove that the generating series for a general class of transitive ordered factorizations in the symmetric group satisfies the KP hierarchy. These factorizations appear in geometry as encodings of branched covers, and thus by specializing our transitive factorization result, we are able to prove that the generating series for two classes of branched covers satisfies the KP hierarchy. For the first of these, the double Hurwitz series, this result has been previously given by Okounkov. The second of these, that we call the m-hypermap series, contains the double Hurwitz series polynomially, as the leading coefficient in m. The m-hypermap series also specializes further, first to the series for hypermaps and then to the series for maps, both in an orientable surface. For the latter series, we apply one of the KP equations to obtain a new and remarkably simple recurrence for triangulations in a surface of given genus, with a given number of faces. This recurrence leads to explicit asymptotics for the number of triangulations with given genus and number of faces, in recent work by Bender, Gao and Richmond.     

Novel high-order breathers and rogue waves in the Boussinesq equation via determinants

By virtue of the bilinear method and the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy reduction technique, wider classes of high-order breather and semirational and rogue wave solutions to the Boussinesq equation are derived. These solutions are presented explicitly in terms of Gram determinants, whose matrix elements have simply algebraic expressions. The breather and rogue wave solutions are derived from two different types of tau functions of a bilinear equation in the single-component KP hierarchy. By taking a long wave limit of high-order breather solutions, a range of hybrid solutions consisting of solitons, breathers, and one fundamental rogue wave are generated. For the rational rogue waves, some typical patterns such as Peregrine-type, triple, and sextuple rogue waves are put forward by modifying the input parameters. Besides, a new rogue wave pattern of third-order rogue waves is found, which features a mixture of a triangular pattern of three fundamental rogue waves and a fundamental pattern of second-order rogue wave. These results may help understand the protean rogue wave manifestations in areas ranging from water waves to fluid dynamics.     

A new approach to the quantum KdV

We present a new formulation for the quantum evolution equation of KdV type. It is shown explicitly that a generalization of the usual recursion operator is possible, even when we follow the rules of quantization and assume that the nonlinear field variables do not commute. We also demonstrate that this recursion operator generates in a recursive way an infinite number of Hamiltonians commuting with each other, thus giving a basis for the complete integrability of the quantum mechanical evolution of the field. It is discovered that the reason why the recursion operator for the quantum KdV was not discovered earlier lies in the fact that this recursion operator is more closely connected to the general theory of the KP than to that of the KdV.     

Locality of Symmetries Generated by Nonhereditary, Inhomogeneous, and Time-Dependent Recursion Operators: A New Application for Formal Symmetries

Using the methods of the theory of formal symmetries, we obtain new easily verifiable sufficient conditions for a recursion operator to produce a hierarchy of local generalized symmetries. An important advantage of our approach is that under certain mild assumptions it allows to bypass the cumbersome check of hereditariness of the recursion operator in question, what is particularly useful for the study of symmetries of newly discovered integrable systems. What is more, unlike the earlier work, the homogeneity of recursion operators and symmetries under a scaling is not assumed as well. An example of nonhereditary recursion operator generating a hierarchy of local symmetries is presented.     

Commutativity of the extended KP flows

The commutativity problem of the extended KP hierarchy is analyzed. The compatibility equation of two extended KP flows is constructed, together with its Lax representations involving two extended Lax operators. The resulting theory shows that the extended KP hierarchy is a natural generalization of the KP flows, but does not commute unlike the constrained KP hierarchy. A few particular examples are computed, along with their Lax pairs.