聚羧酸盐和聚萘磺酸盐分散剂在高浓度水悬浮剂中的应用

研究了聚羧酸盐分散剂(SD-819)和聚萘磺酸盐分散剂(SD-661)在水溶液中的表面性能;同时考察了分散剂添加量对500 g/L扑草净水悬浮剂(SC)中的吸附、Zeta电势和流变性能等的影响.结果表明,与分散剂SD-661相比,分散剂SD-819水溶液中的表面张力(γcmc)小,临界胶束浓度(cmc)和胶束生成自由能(ΔGmic)低,吸附量大,制备出的扑草净SC黏度低,流动性好,触变性优良.结果表明,聚羧酸盐分散剂更适用于高浓度扑草净SC的制备.     

沥青水浆不同结构分散剂的成浆性能研究

对脱油沥青水浆中不同结构分散剂的成浆性能和分散剂用量进行了研究,并探讨了分散剂添加方法对沥青水浆的影响,提出了结构相似相容的沥青水浆的分散剂研制和选型方法以及分散剂最可几摩尔用量的概念。实验结果表明硬沥青水浆最佳分散剂应是自身改性的磺酸盐,符合沥青水浆HLB值要求。分散剂最可几用量的确定,有助于根据工业具体要求确定最佳用量,即流动性、稳定性都满足工业要求的分散剂最经济用量。所用分散剂溶于水,多段添加的湿式粉碎成浆可制取高浓度、低粘度、稳定性好的硬沥青水浆。     

Interaction of binders with dispersant stabilised alumina suspensions

The rheological response of selected aqueous alumina suspensions, stabilised with a polyelectrolyte or with an organic polyvalent salt dispersant, and including poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) as a binder, are described in this study. The polymer dispersant was composed of an ammonium salt of poly(methacrylate) and the organic polyvalent compound was a sodium salt of an aromatic sulphate. The results show that the addition of PVA, without any included dispersant does not significantly influence the rheology of the system. However, in the presence of a dispersant the rheology is greatly affected. At a given concentration of the dispersant, the viscosity, storage and loss moduli all increase, as the PVA concentration is increased. Also, for a given concentration of the PVA, it is observed that the viscosity, storage and loss moduli values increase as the concentration of the dispersant is increased. It is argued that at low PVA concentrations, an excess concentration of the unadsorbed dispersant causes flocculation of the particles in the suspension by a reduction of the repulsive electrostatic (double layer) effect. In contrast, at higher concentrations of the PVA the flocculation of the suspension is promoted via a depletion mechanism.     

Rheological Characterization of Alumina Ceramic Suspensions in Presence of a Dispersant and a Binder

The rheological responses of aqueous alumina suspensions, stabilized with an organic polyvalent salt dispersant called “Aluminon,” and including a poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) binder, are described in this study. It is observed that the addition of PVA, without any dispersant does not significantly influence the rheology. However, in the presence of the dispersant the rheology is affected significantly. At a given concentration of the dispersant, the viscosity, the storage and loss modulii all increase with the PVA concentration. Also, for a given concentration of the PVA, the viscosity, the storage and loss modulii values increases as the concentration of the dispersant is increased. At relatively low PVA concentrations, an excess concentration of the dispersant, causes flocculation of the particles in the suspension by a reduction of the electrostatic (double layer) effect. On the contrary, at higher concentrations of the PVA the flocculation of the suspension occurs via a depletion mechanism.     

分散剂分子结构特征对煤浆流变特性的影响

系统考察了具有不同分子结构特片系列分散剂对高浓度煤浆性质的影响。发现煤的成浆性、浆体的流变特性和稳定化作用与分散剂的分子结构特征密切相关。就本研究所涉及的分散剂种类和煤种而言，分散剂单体结构中多核芳烃结构所占比例较小时易于使浆体呈屈服假塑性，相反，则使浆体呈屈服胀塑性。分散剂单体的侧链结构对煤成浆性和浆体流变性的影响不很突出，而分散剂的第二单体结构的影响却非常显著。结果还同时表明，分散剂的高分散性能是导致浆体呈屈服胀塑性流体和弱化浆体稳定化作用的重要因素。     

一种含磺酸酯基亲和性变化树脂的合成及其热分解性能研究

本实验合成了一系列含p-苯磺酸异丙酯基亲和性变化的二元、三元共聚物,并对其结构、聚合特征f1-F1曲线以及热分解性能进行了研究.对共聚物的DSC测试发现,随着p-苯磺酸异丙酯基含量的增加,树脂中磺酸酯基的分解温度向低温方向移动,范围在120-170℃;而磺酸酯基的分解能量随其在树脂中含量的增加而升高,范围在20-30kJ/mol.动力学研究结果显示,聚合物中磺酸酯基的热分解过程属于自加速类型,反映了热分解产生的磺酸对磺酸异丙酯热分解过程的催化作用.加热分解后树脂水溶性的研究表明,在二元共聚物中磺酸酯基单元含量等于或大于27%,在引入羧酸基的三元共聚物中磺酸酯基单元含量为21%时,热分解后共聚物涂层表现出优良的水溶性,能够在中性水中快速、彻底溶解并脱离支持版基.     

新疆褐煤疏水改性提高其成浆性能

针对新疆褐煤具有较高内水的问题,制备了阴离子AKD改性剂和非离子AKD改性剂,对褐煤颗粒进行疏水改性。研究了改性前后煤粒表面化学成分、孔隙分布、亲疏水性和Zeta电位等煤粒表面特性,并结合NSF分散剂在改性前后煤粒表面吸附量大小,探讨了改性前后褐煤水煤浆的成浆性、流变性和稳定性。结果表明,改性后煤粒孔隙结构降低,煤粒表面碳的相对含量增加,氧的相对含量降低,煤水界面接触角增加,煤粒疏水性能增强。NSF分散剂在改性煤表面吸附量增加,煤粒表面负电性增强。由阴离子AKD改性煤、非离子AKD改性煤制备的水煤浆最大成浆质量分数从原煤56.6%分别增加至61.0%、62.5%,浆体析水率从原煤13.97%分别降低至7.45%、7.89%,同时改性后煤粒制备的浆体均表现出剪切变稀的假塑性流体。因此,改性煤粒更容易制备高浓度、低黏度、高稳定性且易于储存和运输的水煤浆。     

SINGLE IONIC CONDUCTI0N OF POLYSILOXANE CONTAINING PROPYLENE CARBONATE GROUP AND LITHIUM POLYMERIC SALTS

The polysiloxane containing propylene carbonate side group and several lithium poly-meric salts were synthesized. The structure were confirmed by IR, NMR and XPS. Theblending systems of polysiloxane containing propylene carbonate group with different lithiumpolymeric salts were studied by ion conductivity XPS and DSC. Different lithium poly-meric salts in the blending system lead to conductivity arranged in the following sequence:poly(lithium ethylenebenzene sulfonate methylsiloxane)>poly(lithium propionate methyl-siloxane)>poly(lithium propylsulfonate methylsiloxane)>poly(lithium styrenesulfonate).In the blending system the best single ion conductivity was close to 10~(-5) Scm~(-1) at roomtemperature. XPS showed that at low lithium salt concentration the conductivity increasedwith the increasing content of lithium salt, in consequence of the increase of free ion andsolvent separated ion pair. At high lithium salt concentration the free ion was absent andthe solvent-separated ion pair functioned as carrier.     

煤沥青水浆的制备及影响规律的研究

以中温煤沥青为原料,经冷冻粉碎后制得具有一定粒径级配的煤沥青粉,加入适量分散剂和水在高速搅拌下制备煤沥青水浆.结果表明,JL-C01中裂乳化剂是制备煤沥青水浆的优良分散剂,在此基础上进一步考察了分散剂用量及浆体浓度对煤沥青成浆性、煤沥青水浆流变性及稳定性的影响.结果表明,最大成浆浓度为70％;在分散剂用量相同的条件下,...     

Influence of Polycarboxylate Dispersants with Different Molecular Structures on the Performance of Coal Water Slurry

Polycarboxylate dispersants have variable structures and can be designed according to practical needs. Further study on the influence of molecular structures on the performance of coal-water slurry (CWS) has vital significance. A variety of polycarboxylate dispersants was designed and synthesized with different monomers. The performance of each dispersant for the low-rank China CWS (i.e., Shenfu coal) was evaluated. Results showed that sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) was the most efficient monomer with better adsorption performance on the surface of coal particles and lower apparent viscosity (i.e., mole ratio of SSS and acrylic acid (AA) sodium 65:35, CWS concentration 63 wt%, dispersant dosage 0.5 wt%). Polyethylene glycol acrylate (PA) was also effective. In addition, 5 wt% cationic monomer methyl acryloyl oxygen ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) was introduced into the structure. The polycarboxylate dispersant with optimal molecular structure was applied in Shenfu coal. The performance of water slurry could meet the national standards well (i.e., apparent viscosity 920 mPa · s), displaying good rheological property and stability.     

ADSORPTION BEHAVIOUR AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-AQUEOUS LANTHANUM CHROMITE SUSPENSIONS

Adsorption studies of monosubstituted benzene molecules with various functional groups on doped lanthanum chromite/cyclohexane surface have been performed. The results from the adsorption study can be used in selecting appropriate anchoring groups on the dispersant. It was found that high amount of O relative lo La on the LaCrO₃ surface correlated with high amounts of adsorbed benzoic acid. Increase in the La content relative to the O on the powder surface increased the amount of adsorbed benzylamine. The high amount of benzoic acid adsorbed on 20% Ca-doped lanthanum chromite powder (Al)lated well with good colloidal stability caused by a carboxylic acid containing dispersant. Rheology experiments showed that a low degree of agglomeration is obtained using only a small amount of the carboxylic acid containing dispersant (Hypermer LP1). Etectrophoretic mobility measurements in water of this powder coated with the LP1 dispersant indicated electrosteric stabilisation.     

高剪切乳化法制备的丙烯酸聚酯类纳米聚合物乳液

反应温度;增稠剂;正交试验;高剪切乳化法制备的丙烯酸聚酯类纳米聚合物乳液     

Solution behavior of random copolymers of styrene with sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate

The nonaqueous solution behavior of random copolymers of styrene (ST) with sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (Na-AMPS) [poly(ST-Na-AMPS)] has been investigated using the transient electric birefringence (TEB) technique. The copolymers with varying high sulfonate contents (about 30–70 mol%), bridging the gap between conventional ionomers and classical polyelectrolytes, were dissolved in the solvent methylformamide (MFA) with a high permittivity ? of ca. 190. The solutions showed a negative birefringence at electric field strength E of the order of kV/cm. A typical Kerr effect was observed at low polymer concentrations C of ca. 10^?3g/mL and electric field strengths of the order of kV/cm. However, the detailed, TEB studies demonstrated different behavior at two concentration regimes in dilute solution. At a low concentration regime (e.g., C ≤ 1 × 10^?3g/mL for the copolymer with a 66.7 mol % sulfonate content) where the reduced viscosity exhibited a pronounced polyelectrolyte effect, the birefringence signal pattern showed a maximum before reaching a steady value. Additionally, during the rise at an applied electric field strength beyond a threshold value, it was observed that the nonexponential field-free decay was slower than the single exponential field-induced rise. The observed anomalous behavior was similar to those of a polyelectrolyte [sodium poly (styrene sulfonate)] in aqueous solution and might be attributed to the perturbation of the molecular shape by the applied electric field. At the higher concentration regime (e.g., C ≥ 4 × 10^?3g/mL for the same copolymer with a 66.7 mol % sulfonate content) where the polyelectrolyte effects started to diminish as indicated by the viscosity study, the birefringence shape showed no variation with an increased electric field strength and the field-free decay turned out to be faster than the single exponential rise. The dissociation of ionic aggregates was tentatively interpreted to be responsible for this observation. It seems that by simply varying the polymer concentration, poly (ST-Na-AMPS) could behave either as a polyelectrolyte or as an ionomer in a single polar organic solvent.     

Effect of thickener structure on paper-coating color properties

Physical and chemical properties of clay-based paper-coating colors have been characterized. The “surface potential” (zeta potential) of kaolin particles used in paper-coating formulations was determined as functions of pH and sodium polyacrylate (used as a dispersant) concentration. The optimal pH and dispersant concentration have been established. The effect of adsorption of two different thickeners on the kaolinite particle potential was also investigated. The rheological properties of coating colors, thickened with an associative polymer and a commonly used thickener, have been compared. The rheological behavior of all the coating colors studied was found to be similar, except for the magnitude of the elastic modulus, which was considerably larger for the more hydrophobic thickener. The water-retention properties of the colors could be qualitatively correlated with the molecular structure of the thickeners. An interaction mechanism (e.g. formation of hydrophobic micellar domains) between kaolinite particles and the associative polymer has been proposed. Received: 10 August 2000/Accepted: 2 January 2001     

Dispersion of Zirconia in the Presence of Dolapix PC75

The effect of Dolapix PC75 on the electrokinetic and rheological behavior of nano zirconia particles is presented here. The effect of pH, concentration of dispersant, and solids loading on zeta-potential and rheological behavior was studied. Upon interaction with the dispersant, the iso-electric point of zirconia changed and the surface became more negative with increasing concentration of dispersant, suggesting a strong interaction. Maximum charge was obtained in the presence of about 200 ppm of Dolapix. Rheological tests at pH 7 showed that the zirconia suspension is viscous at high solids loading and addition of the dispersant decreased the viscosity substantially especially at high solids loading (>50 wt%). Sedimentation tests confirmed that Dolapix PC75 is a good dispersant for zirconia particles at pH values of 7 and above.     

分散剂对水焦浆成浆性影响的量子化学研究

为高效利用半焦资源,选择适宜的水焦浆分散剂以提高兰炭制备水焦浆的性能,本研究以陕北半焦及四种不同分散剂(腐植酸钠SH、木质素磺酸钠SLS、十二烷基磺酸钠SDS和一种自制衣康酸型分散剂IPMS)为研究对象,探讨了不同添加剂对水焦浆成浆特性的影响。利用Material Studio(MS)软件计算了分散剂的结构参数及半焦与分散剂间的相互作用能,从量子化学角度对分散剂的作用进行探讨,并与制浆实验结果进行比较。结果表明,加入分散剂可有效降低液体表面张力,增大半焦颗粒表面电负性,从而增强颗粒间静电排斥作用使得浆体更加稳定。相同制备条件下,分散剂IPMS制备水焦浆时效果较优,在剪切速率为100 s~(-1)时,其表观黏度为625 mP·s,7 d析水率仅为2.38%且无硬沉淀。通过计算机模拟得出吸附过程中分散剂的氧原子向半焦的羟基一侧靠近,产生电荷转移,四种分散剂活性大小顺序为IMPS SH SLS SDS,IMPS与半焦相互作用的吸附作用较强与实验结果一致。证明了采用量子化学计算结合实验数据可以对水焦浆分散剂的性能进行评价,为浆体燃料制备技术及新型药剂的设计开发提供了理论基础。     

丁烯氟虫腈缓释微胶囊的制备及其性能

以丁烯氟虫腈为囊芯化合物,带有相反电性的壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为囊壁材料,采用层层自组装技术制备了丁烯氟虫腈微胶囊,通过流点法筛选出十二烷基苯磺酸钠为丁烯氟虫腈的分散稳定剂。 对制备的微胶囊进行了表征,系统研究了丁烯氟虫腈微胶囊的载药量、包封率、缓释性能和抗光解性能随着组装层数增加的变化规律。 结果表明,组装层数为6~8层的丁烯氟虫腈微胶囊的包封率达到80%以上,达最高释放量所需要的时间为60 h,光解率降到20%以下,综合效果最好。     

Solution behavior of ionomers. I. Metal sulfonate ionomers in mixed solvents

The solution behavior of metal sulfonate-containing ionomers has been investigated in various mixed solvent systems. Ionomers, such as lightly sulfonated polystyrene (sodium salt) and sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (metal salts) are generally insoluble in typical hydrocarbon solvents, but readily dissolve when small amounts of alcohols or other polar cosolvents are present. At relatively low polymer concentration these ionomers display unusually high thickening behavior in nonpolar solvents when compared with nonionic polymers because of association of the metal sulfonate groups. The addition of modest levels of polar cosolvent markedly decreases the solution viscosity and gives rise to viscosity-temperature relationships different from those of conventional polymer solutions. For example, such solutions can display vicosities which increase, are relatively constant, or display maxima or minima over broad temperature ranges. These observations are interpreted as arising from a temperature-dependent preferential interaction of the cosolvent with the sulfonate groups. While these ionomers can be regarded as polyelectrolytes of low charge density, they do not display the typical “polyelectrolyte” behavior often observed in aqueous solutions. This anomalous behavior is attributed to the fact that the metal sulfonate groups are largely un-ionized in solvents of low dielectric constant. Therefore, the solution behavior is dominated by ion pair interactions rather than free ions.     

不同水煤浆分散剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究: Ⅺ 分散剂改性煤粒的界面性质及其对CWS性质的影响

测定了10种分散剂与14种煤所形成分散体系的Zeta电位，研究了分散剂对改性煤粒界面电化学性质的影响。结果表明，煤的变质程度越低、溶出高价离子越多，分散剂改性煤粒的Zeta电位越低。阴离子分散剂亲水基团的数量和所带电荷越多，改性煤粒的Zeta电位越高。非离子分散剂使改性煤粒的Zeta电位降低。阴离子分散剂改性的煤粒，Zeta电位大小能很大程度反映煤粒的亲水性强弱，很多阴离子分散剂改性煤粒的Zeta电位都与其吸水量成正相关。建立了包括煤自身亲水性（Mad）、分散剂亲水改性程度（△MHC）, 以及Zeta电位（ζ）和分散剂在单位煤表面积上的吸附量（Γs）在内的成浆性经验模型：CFV = 76.62 1.896Mad 3.430△MHC+0.489Γs·ζ。该模型的计算值与实验结果很相近，而且还能反应出各变量对煤的成浆性所产生的影响。     

THE EFFECT OF DISPERSANT REAGENTS ON THE SODIUM OLEATE ADSORPTION AT THE SALT MINERALS-WATER INTERFACE

The influence of some dispersant reagents on the sodium oleate adsorption on the salt minerals surface has been investigated at the vicinity of pH 10. The presence of sodium lignin sulfate and low molecular weight acrylic polymer Cataflot P-40 caused the decrease of surfactant adsorption in the low concentration region of sodium oleate. On the other hand, the addition of 1000 g/t of polyethylene oxide (MW 200 000) did not cause such a change. The special shape of the adsorption isotherms has been done by the bidimensional concentration of alkaline earth metals soaps on the carbonate minerals surfaces. The vertical steps of isotherms were shifted to the high sodium oleate concentration region when both sodium lignin sulfate and Cataflot P-40 were added to the dolomite and magnesite suspensions. This effect was not observed for the calcite-sodium oleate system. The discrepancy was explained by Die blockade of magnesite species by these dispersant reagents. Changes in electrokinetic and stability behavior of these systems have been correlated with the precipitation conditions of both calcium and magnesium oleate.