高分子染料的进展

高分子染料是一类本身固有颜色的高分子化合物，它兼有染料和高聚物的双重性质。因此既可作为色料也可作为高聚物而应用于许多领域。本文较详细阐述了聚合染料的种类，合成方法及应用情况。     

高分子染料的合成研究2．乙烯砜型染料与丙烯腈的溶液共聚合

对乙烯机型染料在较高浓度下与丙烯腈溶液共聚合反应合成高分子染料进行了研究．考察了单体组成对聚合转化率、共聚组成和共聚物分子量的影响，合成了共聚组成中染料单体含量为３７％的高分子染料．     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯氧指数标准物质的研制

介绍聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯氧指数标准物质的研制过程：对标准物质的制备技术、均匀性检验、稳定性考察及定值和不确定度进行了逐项分析。采用本体聚合的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯板材直接加工制备标准物质,标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,定值准确可靠,标准值为17．9％,扩展不确定度为0．28％。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯在聚偏氟乙烯膜上的辐照接枝

采用电子加速器(EB)预辐照接枝的方法,在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),制备了PVDF-g-PMMA膜。研究了辐照剂量、单体浓度、反应温度、反应时间以及溶剂等因素对接枝率的影响规律。结果表明,接枝率随辐照剂量的增大而增加;反应初期接枝率随着单体质量分数的增大迅速增加,当单体质量分数达40%时,增加缓慢;单体质量分数达70%时,接枝率最高;从40℃开始接枝率缓慢上升,至60℃时陡增,之后接枝率基本不变;醇类是接枝反应很好的溶剂。用FT-IR、DSC分析了接枝物的组成及热性能。接枝膜成分为PVDF-g-PMMA共聚物,接枝膜在117℃处出现Tg峰,随着接枝率的增加该峰越来越明显,说明发生了接枝反应。随着接枝率的增加,熔融峰左移并最终消失,说明PMMA的接枝破坏了原PVDF膜的结晶性。吸液率随着浸泡时间的增加而增大,PVDF接枝膜达到的最大吸液率为290%,所需要的时间比原PVDF膜长。接枝率为50%的PVDF膜的离子电导率为6.0×10-3S/cm,吸液率达290%,MMA的接枝改善了PVDF电解质膜的电学性能。     

端羟基聚丁二烯型聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯(或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)互穿网络的形态和玻璃化转变

互穿聚合物网络(IPN'S)已经成为高聚物共混改性,高聚物间相容性的一个重要研究领域,IPN材料的宏观性能与其微观形态有着密切的关系,如能通过改变结构、组成、交联密度及合成条件等因素来控制IPN的形态,则就可以入为地制备各种性能优良的材料。本文用透射电镜和差示扫描量热仪对同步法合成的端羟基聚丁二烯型聚氨     

脂肪族聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的研究

用同步法合成了聚碳酸亚丙酯聚氨酶／聚甲基丙烯酸甲醇互穿网络聚合物（PPCPU／PMMA，IPN），调节IPN中两组分配比制备出多种高聚物共混物。用DSC、TEM对IPN的研究结果表明．PPCPU／PMMA之IPN的两组分是互不相容的。同时对各种组成比的IPN材料进行力学性能测试，并用SEM对断面进行了观察，发现IPN的密度大于相应体系体积加和值。     

蓖麻油聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯交联共聚物的溶胀

蓖麻油聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯交联共聚物的溶胀刘和文，蔡宇东，施文芳，周永龙（中国科学技术大学应用化学系合肥２３００２６）（广西分析测试研究中心南宁）关键词蓖麻油聚氨酯，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，交联共聚物，溶胀，相逆转互穿网络聚合物（ＩＰＮ）的平衡溶胀度及...     

聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的相容性与力学性能

用同步法合成了聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物［ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／ＰＭＭＡＩＰＮ］，调节ＩＰＮ中两组分组成比制备出由完全弹性体、增强弹性体、增韧塑料到脆性塑料多种高聚物合金材料．用ＤＳＣ、动态力学谱、ＴＥＭ对ＩＰＮ的研究结果表明，ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／ＰＭＭＡＩＰＮ的两组分是完全相容的；同时对各种组成比的ＩＰＮ材料进行力学性能测试，用相容性ＩＰＮ中互穿、缠结结构解释其力学行为，并用ＳＥＭ对断面形貌进行了观察解释．     

聚环氧丙烷聚氨酯／聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯—苯惭烯）IPN的研究

改变聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯－苯乙烯（Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）中 甲基丙烯酸甲酯的含量（ＷＭＭＡ），通过一步法合成出聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯（ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）ＩＰＮ．ＤＳＣ、ＴＥＭ和动态粘弹谱研究结果表明：当Ｐ（ＭＭＡ＿ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）中ＷＭＭＡ大于０．６时，ＩＢＮ仅有一个Ｔｇ；当ＷＭＭＡ小于０．４时，ＩＰＮ有２个Ｔｇ，ＴＥＭ上出现相区，Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）深度参数（δ）及δ的氢键作     

Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanosize Particles by Differential Microemulsion Polymerization

Poly(methyl methacrylate) nanosize particles were synthesized by a differential microemulsion polymerization process. Sodium dodecylsulfate and ammonium persulfate were used as the surfactant and initiator, respectively. The effects of reaction conditions on the particle size have been investigated. A particle size of less than 20 nm in diameter has been achieved with surfactant/monomer and surfactant/water weight ratios of 1:18 and 1:120, i.e. much milder conditions than those previously reported in the literature.

TEM image of nanoparticles prepared via differential microemulsion polymerization.     

Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Labeled with Fluorescein Moieties via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Fluorescein chromophore‐labeled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with two novel bromine‐containing fluorescein derivatives, 3,6‐bi(2′‐bromo‐2′‐methyl‐propionic acid) fluorescein ester (Fla‐Br) and 3‐(2′‐bromo‐2′‐methyl‐propionic acid) fluorescein ester (Flb‐Br), as the functional initiators, and CuBr/PMDETA as the catalyst, respectively. The above mentioned fluorescein containing bromine were synthesized in our lab. The ATRP of PMMA was proved in a controlled fashion. The resultant PMMA with narrow molecular weight distribution was endowed with the fluorescein chromophore incorporated into the polymer backbone. The presence of the fluorescein labeling of the polymers was confirmed by ¹H‐NMR and GPC trace under UV detector. The UV spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements of the resultant polymer gave further evidence of the functionality of the fluorescein labeling.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸酰胺嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

引发剂;苯胺;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸酰胺嵌段共聚物的合成与表征     

Polyepichlorohydrin polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks

Polyurethane (PU) based on polyepichlorohydrin/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PECH/PMMA) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) was synthesized by a simultaneous method. The effects of composition, hydroxyl group number of PECH, NCO/OH ratio and crosslinking agent content in IPNs were investigated in detail. Some other glycols, such as poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, were also used to obtain PU/PMMA IPNs. The interpenetrating and fracture behaviors of the IPNs are explained briefly.     

Synthesis of Comblike Poly（methyl methacrylate） by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Poly（ethyl 2-bromoacrylate） as Macroinitiator

Comblike poly(methyl methacrylate) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with poly(ethyl 2-bromoacrylate) as a macroinitiator, which was prepared by conventional free radical polymerization of ethyl 2-bromoacrylate. The obtained comblike polymers were characterized by GPC and ^1H NMR.     

微乳液反应法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯超细粒子

水/油微乳液;微乳液反应法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯超细粒子     

Synthesis and Characterization of Bagasse Poly(methyl methacrylate) Graft Copolymer

Summary: Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out on bagasse fibers in an aqueous medium using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator under a neutral atmosphere. In order to obtain the optimum condition for graft copolymerization, the effects of initiator concentration, temperature, time of reaction, and monomer concentration were studied. The maximum grafting percent was found to be 122%. The bagasse grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) was characterized by FTIR and its thermal behavior was characterized by TGA.     

Synthesis of Polystyrene and Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles

Summary: Polystyrene nanosize particles have been synthesized by a differential microemulsion polymerization process involving the use of a small amount of poly(methyl methacrylate) as the seeds. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and ammonium persulfate were used as the surfactant and initiator, respectively. The effects of various reaction conditions on the particle size have been investigated. Particle sizes of less than 20 nm have been achieved at milder conditions than those previously reported in the literature.

An HRTEM image of PS/PMMA nanoparticles.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/星形聚乙二醇半互穿聚合物网络的形状记忆性能和分子机理

采用非共价复合方法,设计并合成了具有星形结构的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/星形聚乙二醇半互穿聚合物网络(PMMA/SPEG)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/线性聚乙二醇半互穿聚合物网络(PMMA/LPEG).研究了PEG分子量对PMMA/SPEG和PMMA/LPEG的热性能、机械性能、动态机械性能和形状记忆性能的影响.结果表明,与PMMA/LPEG相比,星形结构的嵌入显著提高了PMMA/SPEG复合物的机械性能、形状回复率和回复速度.采用Edwards管道模型理论对其形状记忆效应的分子机理进行了阐释,利用材料的应力松弛特性对机理分析进行了验证.