α-Fe_2O_3掺杂对In_2O_3电导和气敏性能的影响

用化学共沉淀法制备了α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺杂的Ｉｎ２Ｏ３纳米晶微粉,研究了α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺杂对Ｉｎ２Ｏ３电导和气敏性能的影响．结果表明,α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和 Ｉｎ２Ｏ３间可形成有限固溶体Ｉｎ２－ｘＦｅｘＯ３（０≤ｘ≤０．４０）;Ｆｅ３＋对 Ｉｎ２Ｏ３晶格中Ｉｎ３＋格位的部分取代,大大增强了阴阳离子间的结合力,导致材料中氧空位Ｖｏｘ数骤降、自由电子的浓度变稀和电导下降．ｎ（Ｆｅ３＋）：ｎ（Ｉｎ３＋）＝５：５的共沉淀粉于 ８００℃下灼烧 ４ ｈ所得的 α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺杂Ｉｎ２Ｏ３传感器元件,对 ４５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ的灵敏度达５４．０,为相同浓度干扰气体汽油的８倍多．     

氧化铁在ZnO上分散的结构状态及其表征

采用（ＮＨ_４）_３［Ｆｅ（Ｃ_２Ｏ_４）_３］·ｘＨ_２Ｏ的水溶液含浸，Ｆｅ（ＮＯ_３）_３．９Ｈ_２Ｏ水溶液饱和浸渍（含浸）以及Ｆｅ（ＡｃＡｃ）_３的甲苯溶液热吸附三种方法制备了在ＺｎＯ上分散的氧化铁体系。用多种物理化学手段对用不同方法制备的分散体系进行了细致的表征，氧化铁在ＺｎＯ上形成单层分散是困难的。Ｆｅ~（３＋）一般进入到ＺｎＯ载体的表层，结构环境类似于ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ_４微晶中的Ｆｅ~（３＋），分散的Ｆｅ~（３＋）通常处于高自旋态，配位对称性并不是正交畸变。在ＺｎＯ上形成尖晶石的趋势最强。在亚单层铁含量范围内，通常形成表面ＺｎｘＦｅ_ｙＯ_ｚ。当铁含量超过单层阈值时，既生成ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ_４簇也有ＦｅＯ_ｘ簇存在。无论是ＦｅＯ_ｘ或ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ４簇还是表面的Ｚｎ_ｘＦｅ_ｙＯｚ，其Ｆｅ_（３＋）在实验温度范围内，很难被还原为零价铁，ＦｅＯ_ｘ较之Ｚｎ_ｘＦｅ_ｙＯ_ｚ物种难以还原且比体相ａ－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３中Ｆｅ~（３＋）要难还原得多。由热吸附法制得的ＦｅＯ_ｘ和ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ_４簇具有很低的催化活性，而由含浸法制得的表面Ｚｎ_ｘＦｅ_ｙＯｚ的反应性能有明显的改善。ＺｎＯ载体上不同含铁物种的反应性由Ｆｅ~（３＋）的还原性及是否存在活泼     

铁酸锌纳米晶体材料的制备

以ＦｅＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ和ＺｎＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ为原料，首先制备出晶粒细小的碱式碳酸盐前驱体，在３００—７００℃焙烧１ｈ后，制备出ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４纳米粒子。经ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ检测，粒径约５－２５ｎｍ，粒度均匀。     

α-Fe_2O_3在LiOH水溶液中的锂化行为

用循环伏安和红外光谱法对α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３在室温ＬｉＯＨ溶液中的锂化行为进行研究．采用Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、电感偶合等离子体光源的原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰ）对α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３电极在第一、二次循环中不同时段进行了跟踪分析测量．实验结果揭示： α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３能进行少量锂化;大量的α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３在第一次放电和充电后反应生成Ｆｅ_３Ｏ_４;之后,Ｆｅ_３Ｏ_４的锂化行为不可避免地为Ｆｅ的析出、氧化反应所限制,但在用ＫＯＨ作电解质溶液的对比实验时发现：α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３在ＬｉＯＨ溶液中的充放电行为与它在ＫＯＨ溶液中是不同的,主要表现为,１）在ＬｉＯＨ溶液中,锂化和Ｆｅ析出、氧化反应协调的结果是其充放电曲线平台高度比在同碱度 ＫＯＨ溶液中降低了 １００ ｍＶ左右, ２）与 Ｋ~（＋）对比, Ｌｉ~（＋）的插入反应促进了α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３到Ｆｅ_３Ｏ_４的转化．     

Na_3AlF_6-Al_2O_3熔盐体系中ZnFe_2O_4基阳极的电化学行为

研究了ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４基阳极在Ｎａ３ＡｌＦ６－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄ）熔盐体系中的电化学稳定性,讨论了电极的析氧历程并得到了析氧过电位与阳极表观电流密度之间的Ｔａｆｅｌ关系式,η＝０．１２＋０．０５２ｌｏｇｉ（ｉ＝０．０１５－０．４４Ａ／ｃｍ２）。用三角波电位扫描法测定了电极析氧过程的伏安曲线     

微量Pt和Pd对Fe_2O_3/ZrO_2催化剂结构与性能的影响

用ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ及固定床微反应器技术研究了微量Ｐｔ 和Ｐｄ 对Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ 催化剂结构及性能的影响。结果表明，活性组分Ｆｅ３ ＋ 与载体ＺｒＯ２ 之间的相互作用会阻止载体从无定形ＺｒＯ２ 到ｔ－ＺｒＯ２ 进而ｍ － ＺｒＯ２ 的转变，同时，促进Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 在ＺｒＯ２ 表面的分散。微量Ｐｔ 或Ｐｄ 的加入对Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 在ＺｒＯ２ 上的分散状态无明显影响，但使Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ 的还原性能发生明显变化，表层Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 的还原性显著增强，导致Ｍ－ Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ 催化剂在ＮＯ＋ ＣＯ反应中有更高的催化活性。Ｎ２ 生成的选择性次序为Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ ＞ Ｐｄ － Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ ＞ Ｐｔ－ Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ ＞ Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２ ＞ Ｐｔ／ＺｒＯ２ 。     

NaCl和B2O3在修饰FeOχ催化剂中的协同作用

应用连续催化反应，ＸＰＳ，ＸＲＤ，Ｈ２－ＴＰＲ，Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ和Ｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕ Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱等方法表征了一系列组成不同的ＮａＣｌ／Ｂ２Ｏ３／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３催化剂。结果表明ＮａＣｌ与Ｂ２Ｏ３在修饰ＦｅＯｘ催化剂上存在明显的协同作用，Ｂ２Ｏ３调变了ＦｅＯｘ的还原能力，ＮａＣｌ修饰了Ｂ２Ｏ３／ＦｅＯｘ使之具有很高的还原速度与晶格氧气化速度。催化剂的催化性能同这种协同作用密切相关。     

固溶体α－（Fe_（1－x）Sb_x）_2O_3（0≤x≤0．2）气敏材料

用化学共沉淀法在ａ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３，中掺入锑离子，Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）分析证实，锑离子可固溶于ｎ型半导体ａ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３中形成ａ－（Ｆｅ＿１－ｘＳｂ＿ｘ）＿２Ｏ＿３（０《ｘ《０．２）固溶体。由于锑离子（Ｓｂ￣５＋）部分取代ａ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３晶格中Ｆｅ￣３＋的格位，使得该系列材料的电导值增大一个数量级以上，气敏性能明显改善。     

Na3AlF6-Al2O3熔盐体系中ZnFe2O4基阳极的电化学行为

研究了ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４基阳极在Ｎａ３ＡｌＦ６－Ａｌ２Ｏ３熔盐体系中的电化学稳定性，讨论了电极的析氧历程并得到了析氧过电位与阳极表观电流密度之间的Ｔａｆｅｌ关系式，η＝０．１２＋０．０５２ｌｏｇｉ（ｉ＝０．０１５－０．４４Ａ／ｃｍ＾２）用三角波电位扫描法测定了电极析氧过程的伏安曲线。     

Fe_2O_3超微粒/硬脂酸复合LB膜的制备和表征研究

用超声分散的方法将Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超微粒分散于硬脂酸／正己烷／氯仿溶液中，用ＬＢ膜技术进行组装。结果表明：Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超微粒能均匀地分散在有机溶剂中，并且能够被硬脂酸包裹；Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超微粒／硬酯酸单分子膜的成膜性能良好，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超微粒／硬脂酸复合ＬＢ膜具有层状结构；在Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超微粒的晶格结构和硬脂酸单分子膜的晶格结构相匹配的情况下，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超微粒能够被有序组装。     

Comparison of reduction behavior of Fe2O3, ZnO and ZnFe2O4 by TPR technique

Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation systems require the development of high-temperature,regenerable,desulfurization sorbents capable of removing hydrogen sulfide from coal gasifier gas to very low levels.As a sort of effective desufurizer,such as Fe2O3,ZnO and ZnFe2O4,it will endure strong reducing atmosphere in desulfurization process.The reduced degree of desufurizer can have an effect on its desulfurization reactivity.In this paper,Fe2O3,ZnO and ZnFe2O4 were synthesized by precipitation or co-precipitation at constant pH.After aging,washing and drying,the solids were calcined at 800℃.The reduction behaviors of sample were characterized by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR).It is found that there are two reduction peaks for Fe203 in TPR,and whereas no reduction peaks for ZnO are found.The reduction process of ZnFe2O4 prepared by co-precipitation is different from that of Fe2O3.ZnFe2O4 is easier to be reduced than Fe2O3.The activation energy of reduction process for Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 is obtained at different reduction periods.     

铁酸锌掺杂对二氧化钛结构相变及光催化性能的影响

分别采用共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备铁酸锌和二氧化钛纳米粉体,较系统地研究了铁酸锌纳米掺杂对二氧化钛“锐钛矿→金红石”的结构相变及光催化性能的影响.结果表明,适量铁酸锌的掺杂可促进二氧化钛的结构相变,显著提高其光催化活性,在最佳掺杂浓度时,其光催化降解苯酚的效率可以提高2～3倍.     

Time-resolved spectroscopic behavior of Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals

Using nanosecond (ns) and femtosecond (fs) time-resolved absorption spectroscopies (pump-probe technique), the carrier dynamics in transition metal oxide nanocrystals of alpha-Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 was studied during the photolysis process. For Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals, the fs measurements detect similar profiles of a positive nonlinear absorption in their capped nanocrystals, whereas much weak signals in the naked particles. In the nanosecond measurements Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals show obvious excitation-power dependent absorption properties and at the low pump power they show weak photobleaching, but at high pump power they produce positive nonlinear absorptions. For Fe2O3 nanocrystals, the threshold power of negative absorption (bleach) to positive absorption increases with reducing size, whereas for the ZnFe2O4 samples, the threshold powers reach minimum at a critical size of 11 nm, grow for both the bigger and the smaller nanocrystals. These results reflect the influences of their microscopic magnetic couplings and carrier correlation on biexciton absorption in Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals. All the results indicate that the time resolved photoabsorption techniques are useful to study the microscopic spin interactions and carrier correlations in transition metal oxide nanocrystals.     

Na2O或K2O对气相合成1–苯基氮杂环庚烷的CoO/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂的作用

研究了Na2O或K2O对苯胺和1,6己二醇气相合成1-苯基氮杂环庚烷的CoO/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂的作用,并采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、H2-程序升温还原、NH3-程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Na2O助剂能增加催化剂的弱酸中心数,减少中强酸中心数,使催化剂的选择性得到提高.加入K2O使催化剂的弱酸中心数显著减少,并使CoO在反应过程中易于烧结,因此不利于1–苯基氮杂环庚烷的合成.     

ZnFe2O4中阳离子分布对苯酚H2O2羟化制苯二酚催化活性的影响

具有尖晶石结构的铁酸盐是苯酚H2O2羟化合成苯二酚的有效催化剂.分别用共沉淀和水热法制备了ZnFe2O4,并用Mossbauer,XRD和ESR等方法予以表征.发现不同方法制备的ZnFe2O4中阳离子在四面体和八面体位置的分布不同,认为阳离子分布影响了催化活性.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-ZnFe2O4/TiO2 Films

The nano-ZnFe2O4/TiO2 films possess the functions of desulfurization and degradation for organic pollutants. The sols of ZnFe2O4/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method and coated on glass and porous ceramic by vertical coating and dipping-lift processes, respectively, and the samples were obtained after drying and sintering. The composition, appearance, absorption spectrum of the films, and the influence of the film on porous ceramic performances were analyzed using SEM, AFM, UV-Vis spectrometer, and mercury porosimeter, respectively, to determine the operation parameters of the multifunction porous ceramic elements for gas-purification.     

Tb掺杂SiO2-B2O3-NaF玻璃的制备及发光性质

使用正硅酸乙酯、硼酸和氟化钠为前驱体,0.10 mol•L-1TbCl3溶液为掺杂剂,通过溶胶-凝胶方法制备了Tb3＋掺杂的SiO2-B2O3-NaF玻璃,研究了Tb3＋在SiO2-B2O3-NaF体系中的发光性质,结果显示发光体能产生强的绿色发光(544 nm),归属于Tb3＋的5D4—7F5电子跃迁.Tb3＋含量不同时,除发光强度不同外,其发射光谱基本相同,并且在低掺杂Tb3＋样品和低退火温度样品中检测到了来自5D3跃迁产生的峰,其跃迁随Tb3＋掺杂浓度的增加和退火温度的升高而发生猝灭,这种现象归因于5D3－5D47F6—7F0和/或5D3—7F07F6—5D4跃迁中发生了交叉弛豫现象.Tb3＋在SiO2-B2O3-NaF玻璃中的激发光谱由一个宽峰和一系列窄峰组成,宽峰最大波长位于230 nm,对应于Tb3＋的4f 8—4f 75d 1跃迁,一系列窄峰位于300～380 nm处,归属于4f 8跃迁,所有发光材料的XRD和TEM测试显示材料是非晶态的.     

ZrO2在Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂中对NO催化还原反应的作用

测定了含ZrO2的Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂上NO+C2H4和NO+C2H4+O2的反应活性,并应用TPR、XRD、BET比表面等表征了ZrO2的加入方式和晶型对Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性和结构的影响。结果表明,ZrO2的加入一定程度地抑制了Rh3+与γ-Al2O3之间的相互作用和γ-Al2O3的相变,提高了催化剂的热稳定性,明显提高了850℃老化样品的NO+C2H4反应活性。对于NO+C2H4+O2反应,含ZrO2样品的选择还原活性却较低,表明反应机理不同,而且ZrO2对C2H4的深度氧化有促进作用,但老化后活性下降幅度比不含ZrO2的样品小。     

Simultaneous Tuning Band Gaps of Cu2O and TiO2 to Form S-Scheme Hetero-Photocatalyst

Photocatalytic Z or S scheme merits higher redox potentials and faster charge separation. However, heterostructure photocatalysts with band gaps of bulk materials often have a type I band structure leading to poor photocatalytic activity. In view of this, we report simultaneous tuning of band gaps of Cu₂O and TiO₂, where quantum dot Cu₂O nanoparticles were formed on doped TiO₂ with Ti³⁺. The reduced size of Cu₂O made its conduction band more negative, whereas the introduction of Ti³⁺ made the absorption edge red shift to the visible light region. The as-formed heterostructure enabled an S-Scheme mechanism with remarkable activity and stability for visible light photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The as-obtained photocatalysts’ activity demonstrated ca. 510-fold increase as compared to individual ones and a mechanical blend. The as-obtained photocatalysts maintained over 80 % for 5 cycles and 2 months exposure to O₂ did not decrease the degradation rate. ESR characterization and scavenger experiments proved the S-Scheme mechanism.