p—Si上电沉积Ni—W—P薄膜的结构与热稳定性

研究了ｐ－Ｓｉ上恒电流沉积Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ合金薄膜组成与结构的关系，讨论了镀层的组成、结构随沉积时间的变化．测定了非晶合金的晶体结构随热处理温度的改变以及ＤＴＡ曲线，结果表明，非晶Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ合金在晶化过程中形成两个纳米超微晶相，非晶Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ薄膜的热稳定性远高于通常使用的非晶Ｎｉ－Ｐ薄膜．     

聚氨酯—聚丙烯酸树脂的合成及表征

讨论了在聚氨酯水分散体中进行丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液聚合的一些特征。研究表明,聚氨酯水分散体起着种子乳液的作用,发生了核－壳型事过程;复合乳液中聚氨酯链形成其壳,聚丙烯酸树脂分子链形成其核,二树脂的分子链相贯穿与缠结,形成了互穿网络结构。     

聚（丙烯酰胺—丙烯酸）／聚（丙烯酰胺—二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）聚电解质复…

通过动态光散射、粘度和透光率测定，研究了聚（丙烯酰胺－丙烯酸）［Ｐ（ＡＭ－ＡＡ）］／聚（丙烯酰胺－二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）［Ｐ（ＡＭ－ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）］聚电解质复合溶液的结构和性能。结果表明，Ｐ（ＡＭ－ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ－ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）复合比、溶液浓度和氯化钠用量影响溶液中复合物的构象和流体力学半径。Ｐ（ＡＭ－ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ－ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）分子链间适度的库仑相互作用，可形成均相Ｐ（ＡＭ－ＡＡ）／Ｐ（Ａ     

多孔β—TCP生物降解陶瓷的红外光谱研究

本文报道了多孔β－ＴＣＰ（β－Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２）生物降解陶瓷的红外光谱，研究了实验条件对生物降解陶瓷结构与性能的影响，结果表明，生物降解陶瓷以βＣａ３＊ＰＯ４）２米晶相，同时含有Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７，Ｃａ４Ｐ２Ｏ９晶相和其他非晶相，并呈现多孔的网络结构。     

pH敏感性两亲聚合物网络PAA—l—PTHF的研究

以具有良好柔性和生物相容性的聚四氢呋喃（ＰＴＨＦ）为疏水链段,具有ｐＨ敏感性的聚丙烯酸（ＰＡＡ）为亲水链段,通过ＰＴＨＦ双端基大分子单体与丙烯酸自由基共聚,首次合成了聚丙烯酸－ｌ－聚四氢呋喃（ＰＡＡ－ｌ－ＰＴＨＦ）两亲聚合物网络,并对网络的结构、组成以及交联点密度进行了表征。两亲聚合物网络溶胀行为研究表明,ＰＡＡ－ｌ－ＰＴＨＦ既能在水中溶胀又能在有机溶剂中溶胀,在水中的溶胀度随网络亲水链段ＰＡＡ含     

嵌段共聚物微胶束行为的研究Ⅰ．体积排斥色谱法研究聚（苯乙烯－异成二烯）二嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中微胶束的形成过程

采用体积排斥色谱研究聚（苯乙烯－异成二烯）二嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂－二氧六环／甲醇混合体系中以ＰＩ为核ＰＳ为壳的微胶柬形成过程，以及在正庚烷／乙酸异戊酯混合体系中以ＰＳ为核ＰＩ为壳的微胶束形成过程。讨论了温度、混合溶剂的配比和共聚物分子量对微胶束形成的影响。根据体积排斥色谱图估算了形成微胶束时的表观缔合能和微胶束的表观缔合数．     

四元胶乳互穿聚合物网络的组成对其性能的影响

用分步乳液聚合法合成了具有核壳结构的胶乳互穿聚合物网络ＬＩＰＮ（ＰＭＭＡ－ＰＳ）／（Ｐｎ－ＢＡ－ＰＡＡ）；讨论了ＬＩＰＮ组成对乳液与膜性能的影响，提出了四元ＬＩＰＮ核壳结构的基本轮廓，探讨了软硬单体最佳配比及丙烯酸单体用量。     

ZSM－5（核）／AlPO4－5（壳）双结构分子筛的合成与催化裂化性能

 采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线能量散射谱、红外光谱和核磁共振等多种物化方法对合成的ZSM－5（核）／AlPO4－5（壳）双结构分子筛进行了表征，证明这种材料具有以ZSM－5为核层、以AlPO4－5为壳层的双结构特征．考察了合成条件对ZSM－5（核）／AlPO4－5（壳）分子筛形貌的影响，发现ZSM－5分子筛的加入方式对产物的形貌有较大影响．重油裂化反应结果表明，ZSM－5（核）／AlPO4－5（壳）双结构分子筛的催化性能比ZSM－5和ZSM－5／AlPO4－5机械混合分子筛样品好，表现为原油转化率和低碳烯烃、汽油及柴油收率提高．     

β—环糊精交联聚合物树脂固定相分光光度法测定铜

利用β－环糊精交联合物（β－ＣＤＰ）的选择性吸附性能和良好的透光性能，将其和为显色剂的载体用于分光光度法测定。首次提出了２－「５－溴－（２－吡啶偶氮）」－５－二乙基在苯酚（５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ）－环糊精交联树脂固定相分光光度法。方法用来自水及人发中微量铜的测定，简便快捷，准确可靠。     

核－壳型弹性体对热塑性树脂的增韧

本文阐述了橡胶微粒对热塑性树脂的增韧机理，以及核－壳弹性体对塑料共混物性能的影响。其目的是为合成抗冲改性用核－壳弹性体提供参考。     

聚酯型脂肪族和芳香族聚氨酯硬段结晶特性对比

本文利用DSC、IR、WAXD、PLM和SALS等实验手段,探讨了具有相同软段的聚酯型脂肪族和芳香族聚氨酯硬段结晶特性的差异,发现脂肪族聚氨酯的相分离速率极快,氢键主要在硬段间形成,因而对硬段的结晶过程影响不大;而芳香族聚氨酯的相分离速率较慢,软硬段间又能形成氢键,因而对硬段的结晶起了阻碍作用。     

IR spectra studies of core‐shell type waterborne polyacrylate‐polyurethane microemulsions

The hydrogen bonds in films of the polyurethane and the core‐shell type polyacrylate‐polyurethane microemulsions have been studied by FTIR spectroscopy in the regions of  NH absorption and CO absorption. The effects on hydrogen bonds of the composition, the core‐shell ratio were revealed. At the same time, the relationship between the hydrogen bonds and the crosslinked structures (Type A and Type B) was discovered. The shifts of the  NH and CO stretching bands to higher frequencies and the shift of  NH bending bands to lower frequencies, with the increase of acetone CO number in the core, mean that the hydrogen bonds between the soft and hard segments, and those in the short‐range order in the hard segment phase, are broken. The dipole/dipole interaction which is supposed to exist between the acetone CO groups in the core and the urethane CO in the shell can change the hydrogen bond distribution in the shell, and at the same time, lead to hydrogen bonds between acetone CO in the core and the urethane  NH in the shell. Type A and B crosslinked structure between the core and the shell located at the interface of the core and the shell can confine the acetone CO within the crosslinking network, and Type B crosslinked structure also decreases the acetone CO numbers. These weaken the dipole/dipole interaction between the acetone CO and the urethane CO, and lead to the decrease of the effect of the acetone CO groups on the hydrogen bond distribution in the shell. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2642–2650, 1999     

脂肪族水性聚氨酯的动态力学行为研究

合成了一系列脂肪族水性聚氨酯 .考察了软段的组成、软段分子量及DMPA用量对产物动态力学性能的影响作用 .实验结果表明 ,软段的化学结构对水性聚氨酯的相态结构影响很大 .聚醚型水性聚氨酯具有较低的软段玻璃化转变温度 (Tgs) .聚醚型产物的微相分离程度高于聚酯型产物 .当采用聚酯和聚醚二元醇为混合软段时 ,Tgs随软段中聚醚含量的提高而逐渐降低 .提高DMPA用量 ,软段玻璃化转变温度Tgs移向低温区 ,硬段玻璃化转变温度Tgh移向高温区 ,说明体系的微相分离程度加大 .当软段分子量较低时 ,产物为半相容结构 ,只有一个主转变峰 ,软段的玻璃化转变以肩峰的形式出现 ;当软段分子量较高时 ,产物的微相分离程度较高 ,可以分别观察到软段及硬段的玻璃化转变 .总之 ,通过改变软段的种类、组成和分子量以及DMPA用量 ,可以大幅度地改变水性聚氨酯的形态结构 .     

聚乙二醇型聚氨酯软硬段对其相变储热性能的影响

以不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)为软段,MDI-BDO为硬段,采用两步法溶液聚合合成一种具有固-固相变储热性能的聚氨酯材料.通过DSC,WAXD等测试手段对体系的软硬段结晶性,微相分离,相变可逆性及循环热稳定性进行研究,结果表明,聚氨酯中硬段的存在对软段结晶有着很大的影响,当软段分子量达到2000或以上时,软段才具有较大的结晶度和熔融相变焓,且硬段含量必须高于一定值才能形成较为完善的物理交联网络以保证材料在发生相变时维持固体状态.同时符合这两个条件的试样能具有较好的固-固相变储热性能.就软段PEG含量及分子量对材料储热性能的影响进行了研究,通过调节软段含量与分子量得到一系列具有不同相变焓和相变温度的聚氨酯固-固相变储热材料.经测试还发现,该材料具备很好的相变可逆性和循环热稳定性,是一类很有开发前景的相变储热材料.     

Poly(chloropropylmethyl-dimethylsiloxane)–polyurethane elastomers: Synthesis and properties of segmented copolymers and related zwitterionomers

A series of polyurethane block copolymers based on hydroxybutyl terminated poly(chloropropylmethyl-dimethylsiloxane) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) soft segments of molecular weights 2100 and 2000, respectively, were synthesized. The hard segments consisted of 4,4′-methylenediphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) that was chain extended with either 1,4-butanediol (BD) or N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The materials chain extended with MDEA were ionized using 1,3-propane sultone. The weight fraction of the hard segments was in the range 0.30–0.45. The effect of mixed soft segments, chain extenders, and zwitterionization on the extent of phase separation and physical properties was studied by utilizing differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical, stress-strain, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy experiments. All of these short segment block copolymers showed nearly complete phase separation. The zwitterionomer materials exhibited ionic aggregation within the hard domains. Although hard segment crystallinity or ionic aggregation did not affect the morphology, hard domain cohesion was important in determining the tensile and viscoelastic properties of these elastomers.     

用WAXD和SAXS研究新型聚醚－聚酯－聚脲浇铸型弹性体的形态

用ＷＡＸＤ和ＳＡＸＳ研究了一种新型的聚醚－聚酯－聚脲浇铸型弹性体的形态结构．ＷＡＸＤ的结果表明：用三种不同的二异氰酸酯,其硬段中的结晶度依次是ＨＤＩ＞ＭＤＩ＞ＴＤＩ．对于ＨＤＩ和ＭＤＩ混合合成的体系、由于与“Ｐｏｌａｍｉｎｅ”的反应速度不同,形成三相体系．ＳＡＸＳ的结果表明：增加“Ｐｏｌａｍｉｎｅ”分子量,有利于软、硬段的微相分离．对于不同的二异氰酸酯,相分离度依次是ＨＤＩ＞ＭＤＩ＞ＴＤＩ．     

用WAXD和SAXS研究新型聚醚－聚酯－聚脲浇铸型弹性体的形态

 用ＷＡＸＤ和ＳＡＸＳ研究了一种新型的聚醚－聚酯－聚脲浇铸型弹性体的形态结构．ＷＡＸＤ的结果表明：用三种不同的二异氰酸酯,其硬段中的结晶度依次是ＨＤＩ＞ＭＤＩ＞ＴＤＩ．对于ＨＤＩ和ＭＤＩ混合合成的体系、由于与“Ｐｏｌａｍｉｎｅ”的反应速度不同,形成三相体系．ＳＡＸＳ的结果表明：增加“Ｐｏｌａｍｉｎｅ”分子量,有利于软、硬段的微相分离．对于不同的二异氰酸酯,相分离度依次是ＨＤＩ＞ＭＤＩ＞ＴＤＩ．     

New type of thermoplastic multiblock elastomers––poly(ester-block-amide)s––based on oligoamide 12 and oligoester prepared from dimerized fatty acid

Multiblock poly(ester-block-amide)s (PEA) elastomers comprising hard blocks of oligoamide and oligoester soft segments were prepared and their structure-property relations were analysed. The polycondensation reaction of oligoesters (prepared from 1,4-butanediol and dimerized fatty acid) with oligolaurolactam (PA12) gave copolymer series with variable blocks content (the soft segments content was varied from 24 to 60 wt.%). PEAs are the phase system composed of crystallised sequences of oligoamide (hard segment phase) as well as oligoesters (soft segment phase). Mixing between the hard and soft phases was studied by thermal and mechanical measurements (DSC, DMTA). These results have indicated on a multiphase structure of investigated materials. The relationship between the observed thermal and tensile properties and the soft/hard segments content indicated on an increase of the phase separation with soft segments content.     

Versatile Preparation of Nonspherical Multiple Hydrogel Core PAM/PEG Emulsions and Hierarchical Hydrogel Microarchitectures

The preparation of nonspherical materials composed of separated multicomponents by droplet‐based microfluidics remains a challenge. Based on polymerization‐induced phase separation and droplet coalescence in microfluidics, we prepared emulsions of variously shaped PAM/PEG core/shell droplets and hydrogels composed of two separated components, which show flexible and transformable hierarchical structures and microarchitectures. We find that AM/PEG aqueous droplets form a core/shell structure after polymerization resulting from phase separation. Thus multicore/shell droplets are easily produced by coalescence of core/shell structures. By changing the polymerization temperature and the flow rate, the morphology of the multicore droplets and the hydrogel can be easily adjusted. The hydrogels exhibit apparent anisotropy and different protein release rates depending on their structures. The preparation technique is simple and versatile and the resulting hydrogels have potential applications in many fields.     

Films from soft‐core/hard‐shell hydrophobic latexes: Structure and thermomechanical properties

Structured latexes provide a promising route to hard coatings without the use of coalescing aids. We studied the thermomechanical properties of films from structured soft‐core/hard‐shell hydrophobic latexes. We found that the mechanical properties of these films were closely related to their very particular organization. When the rigid phase was continuous, whatever its volume fraction, the films exhibited a high elastic modulus. An analysis of the viscoelastic properties of the films provided a good method for obtaining information about the interphase between the hard shell and soft core of the latex particles. By varying the film structure through annealing or the particle composition (core/shell ratio, core crosslinking, etc.), we were able to tune the mechanical properties of the films. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2989–3000, 2000