ICP-AES测定粉末冶金材料中钨、钼等八种元素

用硝酸、高氯酸和氢氟酸溶解样品,在0.025 mol·L-1 EDTA介质中,采用一种标准溶液,用ICP-AES光谱法测定样品溶液中Ni,Cu,V,Mn,W,Mo,Co,Cr的含量。研究了基体和共存元素对分析元素光谱的影响,选择合适的波长,测定了分析结果的精密度,方法的检出限和回收率,结果表明,分析方法有很低的检出限,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于1%,加入回收率在98.2%～101.6%,方法准确、可靠、简便、快速,满足生产要求。     

A theorem for quantum operator correspondence to the solution of the Helmholtz equation

We propose a theorem for the quantum operator that corresponds to the solution of the Helmholtz equation, i.e., V(x1, x2, x3)|x1, x2, x3 x1, x2, x3| d3 x = V(X1, X2, X3) = e-λ2/4: V(X1, X2, X3) :,where V(x1, x2, x3) is the solution to the Helmholtz equation ?2V + λ2V = 0, the symbol : : denotes normal ordering, and X1, X2, X3 are three-dimensional coordinate operators. This helps to derive the normally ordered expansion of Dirac’s radius operator functions. We also discuss the normally ordered expansion of Bessel operator functions.     

罗马大学附属物理博物馆简介

 意大利首都罗马共有三所国立大学、四所教会大学、二所私立大学。罗马大学(又称罗马第一大学)座落在罗马近郊。它由十个学院(法律,金融与贸易,统计学,文学哲学与考古学,师范,数学物理与自然科学,机械工程,建筑,医疗,药学)、二所附属学校(航空机械,图书档案)、一所国立高等数学研究所、八所附属博物馆(矿业,地质,地理,古典艺术,动物,医学史,古生物学,人类学)组成。     

Elemental Analysis of Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis) and Their Own Soils at Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey

People consume tea brewed from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant for about 50 centuries. Health benefits of the tea have been investigated for about three decades. Especially green tea shows antitoxic and lots of properties with its determined ingredients. Turkey is not only the one of the best consumer and but also good producer of the tea as being 5 th producer all over the world. It grows eastern region of the Turkey and high quality tea is imported and exported. To have quality tea, grooving soils are also crucial. In the current research, Tea leaves and their own grown soils were collected from 20 stations where the most tea producer cities as Trabzon, Rize and Artvin tea fields of the eastern of Black Sea Region in Turkey. The cultivated tea and their own grown soil samples were analysed by using EDXRF Spectrometry. In the soil samples, the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb on percent level and the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Sr in the tea leaves were detected by using SKRAY 3600-EDXRF.and also the obtained data were evaluated with the Kriging interpolation of geostatistical method. Element content were investigated in the soil and tea samples according to the geological situations and also the relation of elemental difference between the tea and the own grown soil. Pb/Zn ratio was also anaysed in the samples.     

科学思想的火花照亮人类智慧的星空

 当暴风雨即将来临的时候,满天阴霾,空气沉闷,正所谓"山雨欲来风满楼,黑云压城城欲摧"。突然,一声霹雳,一道强光划破长空,照得天空和大地无比灿烂。天上的云层,地上的山水,像水洗过一样,尽收眼底。这就是闪电,是云层与云层之间,云层与大地之间由火花放电产生的巨大的电火花。     

《广西物理》投稿须知

1.来稿要求科学性准确,逻辑性强,文字简练,数据可靠,图表清晰,具有创新性或一定新意。每篇文章字数（包括图、表）以不超过6000字为宜。来稿（按顺序）必须包括：题目,作者姓名,作者单位（包括所在地和邮政编码）,中文摘要（不超过300字）,关键词（3～8个）,中图分类号,正文,参考文献。     

物理学咬文嚼字之三十七 溅

碰撞过程(impact,bombardment,collision)难免崩出来一些物质,于是就有了sputter,splash,spatter,spurt等物理上也算常见的词汇,它们同spew,spit,sputum,sprout等同源.     

Structural,mechanical, electronic properties,and Debye temperature of quaternary carbide Ti_3NiAl_2C ceramics under high pressure:A first-principles study

Quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics has been investigated as a potential nuclear fusion structural material,and it has advantages in certain aspects compared with Ti2AlC,Ti3AlC2,and Ti3SiC2 structural materials.In this paper,quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics is pressurized to investigate its structural,mechanical,electronic properties,and Debye temperature.Quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics still maintains a cubic structure under pressure(0–110 GPa).At zero pressure,quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics only has three bonds:Ti–Al,Ni–Al,and Ti–C.However,at pressures of 20 GPa,30 GPa,40 GPa,60 GPa,and 70 GPa,new Ti–Ni,Ti–Ti,Al–Al,Ti–Al,and Ti–Ti bonds form.When the pressure reaches 20 GPa,the covalent bonds change to metallic bonds.The volume of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics can be compressed to 72%of its original volume at most.Pressurization can improve the mechanical strength and ductility of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics.At 50–60 GPa,its mechanical strength can be comparable to pure tungsten,and the material changes from brittleness to ductility.However,the degree of anisotropy of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics increases with the increasing pressure.In addition,we also investigated the Debye temperature,density,melting point,hardness,and wear resistance of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics under pressure.     

2009年全国高考理综（甲、乙卷）物理试题评析

1 总体评价 2009年全国高考(非课改区)理科综合物理试卷共两套,其中:甲卷供云南,贵州,黑龙江,吉林,甘肃,新疆,内蒙古,青海,西藏等省、自治区使用;乙卷供湖北,湖南,河北,河南,山西,陕西,江西,广西等省、自治区使用.     

喜迎王志符先生百龄寿诞

星辉南极,荣颐衍生,喜迎王志符先生百龄寿诞,曷胜欣慰.我蛰居沪渎,云山遥隔,未能趋春城造府叩贺,停云遐企,无任绻依.念往昔夙蒙惠爱,时挹清芳,篆结中怀,与时俱永.自念未酬高谊,为此,特修芜函,回忆20余年深受先生大教之历历往事,作一扫描式回顾,濡笔为文,遥申祝嘏之忱.我早年虽未受先生親炙,但在1959年秋因工作需要和本人酷爱数理学科,遂从同济大学新建立的水利工程系,     

Effective absorption enhancement in small molecule organic solar cells using trapezoid gratings

We demonstrate that the optical absorption is enhanced in small molecule organic solar cells by using a trapezoid grating structure. The enhanced absorption is mainly attributed to both waveguide modes and surface plasmon modes, which is simulated by using finite-difference time-domain method. The simulated results show that the surface plasmon along the semitransparent metallic Ag anode is excited by introducing the periodical trapezoid gratings, which induce the increase of high intensity field in the donor layer. Meanwhile, the waveguide modes result in a high intensity field in acceptor layer. The increase of field improves the absorption of organic solar cells significantly, which is demonstrated by simulating the electrical properties. The simulated results also show that the short-circuit current is increased by 31% in an optimized device, which is supported by the experimental measurement. Experimental result shows that the power conversion efficiency of the grating sample is increased by 7.7%.     

光纤—自聚焦棒—反射器耦合系统的后向耦合系数

用光线矩阵方法推导了光纤-自聚焦棒-反射器在共轴耦合情况下的后向耦合系数;分析了它与耦合系统结构参数之间的关系.用计算机模拟画出了反射器为平面镜的系统的后向耦合系数和后向耦合损耗的曲线分布,计算曲线与实验结果大致符合.     

水平薄层包围的流体井孔中声波场的数值模拟

针对声波测井薄层探测的需要,用半解析方法求解了地层为水平多层介质时柱状井孔内脉冲点源激发的声场。通过模式解求出了层间的广义反射矩阵,使得各水平区域的场用层间的广义反射矩阵表出,最后给出了井外为。层介质的形式解,并在井外为三层介质出现一薄层时,对接收器纵向位置位于层下、层间和层上记录的波形进行了数值模拟,得到了首波波至的正确显示。讨论了薄层对波至与幅度的影响。     

氘氘中子产额铟活化诊断方法

提出了活化法测量DD中子产额的实验方法,该方法可提高DD中子产额测量的精度。方法基于铟同位素115In与DD中子的非弹性散射反应,活化反应释放的射线被HPGe探测器记录,根据活化系统标定灵敏度推算出中子产额。分析了探测器记录的活化射线数与中子产额间的关系。介绍了一套活化测量的系统设计。通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟了活化样品出射的射线数与样品厚度的关系,模拟结果表明：样品厚度取为1 cm可兼顾活化效率和测量精度。在加速器上对铟活化样品进行了标定实验,实验结果表明：在聚变中子产额大于2109的实验中可使用铟活化诊断方法,中子产额测量的相对标准误差在10%以内。随着聚变中子产额的不断提高,铟活化测量中子产额的精度可进一步提高。     

氘氘中子产额铟活化诊断方法

提出了活化法测量DD中子产额的实验方法,该方法可提高DD中子产额测量的精度。方法基于铟同位素115In与DD中子的非弹性散射反应,活化反应释放的射线被HPGe探测器记录,根据活化系统标定灵敏度推算出中子产额。分析了探测器记录的活化射线数与中子产额间的关系。介绍了一套活化测量的系统设计。通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟了活化样品出射的射线数与样品厚度的关系,模拟结果表明:样品厚度取为1 cm可兼顾活化效率和测量精度。在加速器上对铟活化样品进行了标定实验,实验结果表明:在聚变中子产额大于2109的实验中可使用铟活化诊断方法,中子产额测量的相对标准误差在10%以内。随着聚变中子产额的不断提高,铟活化测量中子产额的精度可进一步提高。     

考虑到束-波相互作用的速调管离子噪声二维模拟

采用粒子模拟的方法并考虑电子束与电磁波的相互作用，首次直接得到了速调管输出信号的离子噪声图像，阐述了束电子、二次电子、离子、电磁场之间的相互作用的动力学过程. 指出离子噪声所表现出来的相位波动是由电子束速度的波动引起的，电子束速度的变化来源于管内离子数量的变化，离子的数量的变化又与电子束状态变化相互影响，这是离子噪声产生的根本原因. 二次电子对离子噪声产生过程的影响甚微，但是其行为却反映了离子噪声的形成机理. 离子噪声引发的输出信号幅度波动取决于电子束速度和半径的改变，与离子行为密切相关. 关键词： 离子噪声 速调管 粒子模拟 电子束     

Surface modification of polypropylene and compatibilization of interfaces in incompatible blends of polypropylene with polystyrene by plasma of CO2

The effect of surface modification of polypropylene (PP) film is induced by CO₂ plasma in this study. The change in chemical structures on the surface of PP film is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The polarity of modified surface of PP film is investigated by contact angle method. The compatibilization of interfaces between polypropylene and polystyrene phases in incompatible blends is studied by the treatment of plasma of CO₂. Transition layer thickness is measured by small angle light scattering (SALS).     

基于Labview的回波厚度测量系统

建立了基于Labview的回波厚度测量系统,用金属球撞击待测物体表面,产生脉冲声波,用换能器在待测物体表面接收物体内部多次反射的声波,用傅立叶变换计算出声波在物体内部的传输时间,就可得到待测物体的厚度。该测量方法具有成本低、设计新颖、物理思想清晰的特点,适合于发展为综合设计性大学物理实验项目。     

根据激光单脉冲能量空间分布测量激光横模结构的方法

针对脉冲激光器,提出了一种根据激光单脉冲能量空间分布测量激光横模结构的方法,构造了相应算法,并通过理论和实验验证了该方法.通过对调Q二极管泵浦固体激光器的调Q过程进行数值模拟,计算出单脉冲能量空间分布曲线和各阶横模比例,同时根据单脉冲能量空间分布曲线上一些离散点计算出各阶横模比例,且与调Q过程数值模拟的直接计算结果相等.同时在实验中根据测量出的单脉冲能量相对值,计算出各阶横模比例,拟合出腔外不同距离处的单脉冲能量空间分布曲线.对腔外不同距离处单脉冲能量相对值和相应拟合曲线进行比较,发现测量值和拟合曲线吻合.     

FLTD系统放电开关自击穿性能优化

针对快前沿直线脉冲变压器驱动源(FLTD)系统中放电开关自击穿性能劣化的问题,模拟计算了带电线缆、FLTD模块结构对开关间隙电场分布的影响规律,研究分析开关自击穿性能下降的主要原因,开展了电晕针均压和电阻均压两种方式下开关自击穿性能对比实验,获得了不同电晕针长度、不同阻值开关自击穿电压的变化规律：两种均压方式下开关自击穿电压分别提高3.2%和4.3%。FLTD系统中放电开关有均压措施的情况下,系统自击穿电压提高8.9%,自放电概率降低60%,系统短路输出电流的稳定性明显提高,电流幅值提高8.1%,标准偏差减小30.8%。