超声换能器对线性调频信号脉冲压缩性能的影响分析

该文研究了不同编码带宽下超声换能器对编码信号脉冲压缩后信噪比与轴向分辨率的影响关系。将脉冲压缩后的时域峰值转化为频域积分的形式,得到考虑换能器影响的脉冲压缩信噪比公式。以线性调频信号为例,仿真与实验结果表明,编码激励相对于方波激励的信噪比增益随编码带宽的减小而增大,因为受换能器带宽限制,编码激励的轴向分辨率随编码带宽的增大先减小后趋于稳定。该研究为编码激励方法更有效地应用于超声检测的背景中提供了参考。     

Parameter optimization of pulse compression in ultrasound imaging systems with coded excitation

A linear array imaging system with coded excitation is considered, where the proposed excitation/compression scheme maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimizes sidelobes at the output of the compression filter. A pulse with linear frequency modulation (LFM) is used for coded excitation. The excitation/compression scheme is based on the fast digital mismatched filtering. The parameter optimization of the excitation/compression scheme includes (i) choice of an optimal filtering function for the mismatched filtering; (ii) choice of an optimal window function for tapering of the chirp amplitude; (iii) optimization of a chirp-to-transducer bandwidth ratio; (iv) choice of an appropriate n-bit quantizer. The simulation results show that the excitation/compression scheme can be implemented as a Dolph–Chebyshev filter including amplitude tapering of the chirp with a Lanczos window. An example of such an optimized system is given where the chirp bandwidth is chosen to be 2.5 times the transducer bandwidth and equals 6 MHz: The sidelobes are suppressed to −80 dB, for a central frequency of 4 MHz, and to −94 dB, for a central frequency of 8 MHz. The corresponding improvement of the SNR is 18 and 21 dB, respectively, when compared to a conventional short pulse imaging system. Simulation of B-mode images demonstrates the advantage of coded excitation systems of detecting regions with low contrast.     

An ultrasonic pulse compression system for non-destructive testing using maximal-length sequences

An ultrasonic pulse compression system is described. The system, which employs maximal-length sequences and possesses theoretically zero sidelobes, has been simply implemented using digital techniques. Experimental results from the working system demonstrate the capabilities of the system and confirm the feasibility of the approach. Because of its increased signal-to-noise ratio it can be advantageously applied to testing situations where highly absorbent media are encountered.     

Optical pulse compression using the temporal Radon-Wigner transform

The temporal Radon-Wigner transform (RWT), which is the squared modulus of the fractional Fourier transform (FRT) for a varying fractional order p, is here employed as a tool for pulse compression applications. To synthesize the compressed pulse, a selected FRT irradiance is optically produced employing a photonic device that combines phase modulation and dispersive transmission. For analysis purposes, the complete numerical generation of the RWT with 0 < p < 1 is proposed to select the value of p required for pulse compression. To this end, the amplitude and phase of the signal to be processed should be known. In order to obtain this information we use a method based on the recording of two different FRT irradiances of the pulse. The amplitude and phase errors of the recovered signal, which are inherent to the recording process, are discussed in connection with the RWT production. Numerical simulations were performed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed method. The technique is applied to compress signals commonly found in fiber optic transmission systems, such as chirped gaussian pulses, pulses distorted by second and third-order dispersion and nonlinear self-modulated pulses.     

大气折射对可见光波段辐射传输特性的影响

折射是影响辐射传输的重要因素. 为分析大气折射对辐射传输的影响, 基于Monte Carlo方法, 给出了考虑大气折射的矢量辐射传输模型, 实现了均匀气层和耦合面处光子随机运动过程的模拟, 实现了直射光及漫射光Stokes矢量、偏振度和辐射通量等参数的计算. 在考虑和不考虑大气折射两种条件下, 验证了模型的准确性; 在纯瑞利散射条件下, 讨论了大气折射对不同方向漫射光Stokes矢量的影响; 在不同太阳天顶角、大气廓线、气溶胶及含云大气条件下, 分析了大气折射对辐射传输过程的影响. 结果表明: 大气折射对漫射光Stokes矢量的影响主要体现在天顶角70°–110°区间, 且随着太阳入射角增大, 其影响更为显著; 不同大气廓线情形下, 大气折射对Stokes矢量的影响不一致, 其原因是不同大气廓线对应的折射率廓线存在差异. 含云及含气溶胶大气条件下, 大气折射对辐射传输的影响变弱, 沙尘型及海盐型气溶胶条件下, 折射对辐射传输的影响强于可溶型气溶胶情形; 不同形状气溶胶条件下, 大气折射对辐射传输的影响也存在显著差异; 不同云高条件下, 大气折射对漫射光Stokes矢量的影响无显著差异, 但随着云光学厚度增大, 大气折射的影响减弱.     

大气压脉冲调制射频氩气放电等离子体特性的数值研究

基于等离子体流体理论,建立了大气压脉冲调制射频氩气放电的一维流体模型。通过数值模拟的方 法研究了放电参数(放电电极间距、射频频率)对氩等离子体特性的影响。研究结果表明：当电压固定时,随着电 极间距的增加,等离子体区逐渐增大,最大电子密度也增加,在 0.20cm 达到最大值后略有降低;放电电流密度 与输入功率密度随着电极间距的增加而增加;鞘层区电子温度随着电极间距的增加而降低;在脉冲开启前期,等 离子体区电子温度随着电极间距的增加而增加,但当脉冲开启后期,电极间距对等离子体区电子温度影响较小。 不同射频频率下最大电子密度随电极间隙的增加而减小,也具有一个最优值。      

超声阵列的多频脉冲压缩方法研究

脉冲压缩方法通过采用编码信号激励与脉冲压缩接收来提高超声检测的时间分辨率和信噪比。然而,受换能器带宽的限制,编码信号的时间带宽积往往有限,影响脉冲压缩效果。开展了基于超声阵列的多频脉冲压缩方法研究,超声阵列是由具有不同中心频率和带宽的多个阵元组成,从而使得整个阵列具有比单个换能器更宽的带宽。提出了压缩后叠加取包络的脉冲压缩方法,并研究了这种方法在提高时间分辨率和主副瓣比上的技术方案,对多频脉冲压缩的超声阵列进行了设计与优化,发现多频脉冲压缩方法能很大程度地提高时间分辨率,并能有效地抑制各阵元信号叠加产生的周期副瓣。理论和实验结果表明,这种压缩后叠加取包络的方法得到的时间分辨率在性能上受阵元带内不平整度的影响很小,能使阵元压缩包络中的主副瓣比得到明显改善。     

Research on atmospheric refraction correction of airborne electro-optical system target location北大核心CSCD

目标定位精度是评判机载光电系统性能的一项重要指标。对于高空机载光电系统,目标定位精度除受传感器、测距仪、载荷平台稳定精度、飞行平台稳定精度和位置精度等综合因素影响外,还受大气折射的影响,对于高空机载光电系统远距离对地观测,大气折射对目标定位的影响尤为严重。该文从大气折射对目标定位的影响机理出发,给出大气模型,分析大气折射的影响因素,并基于介于圆球体和参考旋转椭球体之间的地球模型给出了大气折射误差模型;基于该文提出的近似参考旋转椭球体地球模型,仿真分析了大气折射对目标定位的影响结果。分析结果对于机载光电系统远距离目标定位大气折射修正具有重要指导意义。     

星载激光测高系统大气折射延迟的影响分析

星载激光测高系统发出的测距光束经过大气层时会发生折射,由此产生的与大气延迟相关的测距误差在数米量级。讨论了激光测高系统大气延迟修正理论及实现算法,通过使用沿天顶方向的大气传输延迟值与非天顶方向相应映射函数乘积的方法来计算大气延迟,并对影响大气延迟主要气象参数地表气压进行修正。结合全球首个对地观测星载激光测高系统GLAS测量数据和美国国家环境预报中心NCEP气象数据进行大气延迟修正,并与GLAS系统公布延迟数据对比。结果表明:大气干项延迟偏差小于2 cm,湿项延迟偏差小于1 mm。     

磁脉冲压缩系统的仿真研究

 分析了传统磁脉冲压缩系统的原理及缺点,对基于省去磁芯复位电路的磁脉冲压缩系统进行了介绍,为了更加深入地分析这种磁脉冲压缩系统,应用Pspice仿真分析软件建立了省去磁芯复位电路的磁脉冲压缩系统模型,计算出各级压缩过程中各元件的电压波形,及饱和变压器和磁开关的磁芯感应强度变化曲线;经测试,当负载为500 Ω纯阻性负载时,系统两端输出的负极性脉冲峰值约-27 kV,半高宽约为70 ns,下降沿约为40 ns。通过分析仿真结果与实验结果,仿真中需考虑测量探头引入的并联电容对电路的影响。     

Varied laser induced damage phenomena of gold coated gratings for pulse compression

In this paper, gold-coated gratings for pulse compression have been prepared and their laser damage experiments have been performed. Varied laser damage morphologies have been observed: when a 60 fs-pulsed laser with energy density slightly higher than the damage threshold was used, damage morphology with a characteristic of discrete distribution of small pits was appeared. These damage pits are linearly distributed at the junction of ridges and grooves. If the laser energy density is much higher than the damage threshold, the gold films was overall ablated and the grating structure disappeared. Besides, if the gold film has poor adhesion, it was peeled off. When a 450 ps-pulsed laser with energy density slightly higher than the damage threshold was used, part of grating ridges will be ablated and an obvious line exists between the ablated area and the unchanged area. In theory, the laser induced temperature field and stress field in gold-coated gratings were calculated based on the electromagnetic field using the finite element method. It is demonstrated that the temperature and thermal stress distribution characteristics are affected by the laser heating rate and the heat diffusion time (the calculated diffusion time ranges from 6 fs to 450 ps), which determines the laser damage characteristics. The possible damage drivers have electron hydrodynamic pressure, thermal ablation and thermal stress.     

X波段脉冲压缩装置的数值模拟及优化设计

 利用有限元方法,通过调节X波段脉冲压缩装置的腔体长度、输入膜片宽度、输出耦合口位置等参量,研究了这些参量对谐振频率和品质因数的影响关系。研究表明：通过微调腔体长度并优化结构参数,可以将该装置的工作频率限制在规定的范围内;输入膜片缝隙由宽变窄的过程中,驻波比由大变小,达到临界耦合后,驻波比又由小变大,且谐振频率略有升高;品质因数与H-T分支的T形输出口的微波泄露密切相关,而该输出口泄露的大小随短路面到H-T分支中线的距离周期性变化。模拟得到的膜片距输出口中线长度为1 133.75 mm,分支中线到短路面的长度为95.25 mm,输入膜片宽9 mm,本征频率为9.387 2 GHz,输入耦合系数为1.15,品质因数为8 000。根据数值模拟结果,优化设计了一套脉冲压缩装置,实测得到的工作频率为9.388 4 GHz,输入耦合系数为1.03,品质因数为5 500。由于该装置输出口微波泄露较大,因此实测的品质因数比模拟的要小一些,这一点可以通过改进终端滑动短路面的调节方式来改善。     

光栅波像差对脉冲压缩的影响

 采用光线追迹的方法,对脉冲压缩光栅系统波像差进行理论研究,构建了有像差脉冲压缩光栅对分析模型,使用该模型通过模拟计算得出了波像差对脉冲压缩效果的影响。理论分析结果表明：脉冲压缩光栅系统最大波像差不大于λ/4时,脉冲压缩比的最大变化率约为2%。脉冲压缩光栅对系统达到衍射极限时,在选择适当的入射角度时,光栅波像差所引起的脉冲压缩比变化并不大。     

磁脉冲压缩系统的仿真研究

分析了传统磁脉冲压缩系统的原理及缺点,对基于省去磁芯复位电路的磁脉冲压缩系统进行了介绍,为了更加深入地分析这种磁脉冲压缩系统,应用Pspice仿真分析软件建立了省去磁芯复位电路的磁脉冲压缩系统模型,计算出各级压缩过程中各元件的电压波形,及饱和变压器和磁开关的磁芯感应强度变化曲线;经测试,当负载为500 Ω纯阻性负载时,系统两端输出的负极性脉冲峰值约-27 kV,半高宽约为70 ns,下降沿约为40 ns。通过分析仿真结果与实验结果,仿真中需考虑测量探头引入的并联电容对电路的影响。     

单级磁脉冲压缩系统实验研究

 基于没有附加磁芯复位电路的磁脉冲压缩网络,设计研制了单级磁脉冲压缩系统;介绍了系统电路的工作情况,通过计算给出了系统关键元件的参数;应用Pspice仿真分析软件对系统电路进行仿真,仿真结果显示,负载为500 W时,饱和变压器和磁开关的磁芯所需饱和时间分别为6 ms和500 ns。实验结果表明:系统接200 W负载时,输出脉冲幅值约18.5 kV,下降时间约40 ns,脉冲宽度约70 ns,最高重复频率可达500 Hz;引入高压快速恢复二极管替代续流电感,不仅有效抑制了负载预脉冲,而且输出脉冲尾部的振荡幅值与持续时间都显著减小。     

Effect of employing ultrasonic waves during pulse electrochemical deposition on the characteristics and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate coatings

In the present work, we investigated the effect of employing ultrasonic waves during pulse electrochemical deposition on surface topography, chemical composition and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings. The SEM and 3D AFM images showed that the anodized titanium surface was covered with the uniform and refined size of plate-like Ca-P crystals, when the ultrasonic treatment of the electrolyte with power of 60 W was carried out during deposition. In contrast, for the Ca-P; 0 W coating applied under only the magnetic stirring of the electrolyte, the microstructure was non-uniform and some Ca-P crystals with the larger size were randomly observed in different regions, causing a rougher surface. The FTIR results also revealed that employing the ultrasound increases the deposition of a coating involved in only the most stable Ca-P phase of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). However, in the absence of ultrasound, besides the prominent phase of CHA, some less stable Ca-P phases like octa calcium phosphate (OCP) and brushite were also formed in the Ca-P; 0 W coating. The Ca-P; 60 W coating showed the higher ability for apatite biomineralization after a 7-day immersion in the simulated body fluid (SBF). This coating also provided a better surface for the cellular activity, as compared to the Ca-P; 0 W coating.     

基于圆柱谐振腔的高功率微波脉冲压缩系统

提出了一种新型的基于圆柱谐振腔的高功率级波脉冲压缩系统,介绍了该系统的结构形式,给出了部分关键器件的数值模拟结果,对系统的功率容量及品质因数进行了初步分析.对于高功率微波(HPM)脉冲压缩系统来说,系统的功率容量与最终获取的HPM功率大小密切相关,谐振腔的固有品质因数与系统效率密不可分,工程实践表明,相对于基于矩形谐振腔的脉冲压缩系统,本文设计的基于圆柱谐振腔的脉冲压缩系统功率容量可提高一个量级,谐振腔的固有品质因数可提高5倍以上. 关键词： 高功率微波 脉冲压缩 谐振腔 功率容量     

光栅波像差对脉冲压缩的影响

采用光线追迹的方法,对脉冲压缩光栅系统波像差进行理论研究,构建了有像差脉冲压缩光栅对分析模型,使用该模型通过模拟计算得出了波像差对脉冲压缩效果的影响。理论分析结果表明：脉冲压缩光栅系统最大波像差不大于λ/4时,脉冲压缩比的最大变化率约为2%。脉冲压缩光栅对系统达到衍射极限时,在选择适当的入射角度时,光栅波像差所引起的脉冲压缩比变化并不大。     

Frequency shift and pulse compression of an ultrashort pulse in a large-amplitude plasma wave

By calculating the momenta of a coupled set of nonlinear equations of laserpulse-plasma wave interaction in the weak relativistic approximation,the conditions for fre-quency up-shift have been found.That the energy change of the pulse due to frequency shiftis compensated by the change of plasma wave energy results in photon number conservation.Some factors that affect the frequency up-shift are studied.It is also found that the laser pulsecan be compressed when it is located near the valley of plasma density perturbation and ifsome threshold value of the plasma wave field is exceeded.