Level of endogenous formaldehyde in maple syrup as determined by spectrofluorimetry

The level of endogenous formaldehyde in maple syrup was established from a large number (n = 300) of authentic maple syrup samples collected during 2000 and 2001 in the province of Quebec, Canada. The average level of formaldehyde from these authentic samples was measured at 0.18 mg/kg in 2000 and 0.28 mg/kg in 2001, which is lower than previously published. These average values can be attributed to the improved spectrofluorimetric method used for the determination. However, the formaldehyde values obtained demonstrate a relatively large distribution with maximums observed at 1.04 and 1.54 mg/kg. These values are still under the maximum tolerance level of 2.0 mg/kg paraformaldehyde pesticide residue. Extensive heat treatment of maple syrup samples greatly enhanced the formaldehyde concentration of the samples, suggesting that extensive heat degradation of the sap constituents during evaporation could be responsible for the highest formaldehyde values in maple syrup.     

衍生液提取-高效液相色谱法快速测定香菇中的游离甲醛

以2,4-二硝基苯肼乙腈溶液-pH 5磷酸盐缓冲液(体积比为1:1)为提取溶液,提取香菇中游离的甲醛,采用高效液相色谱法测定。结果表明,乙腈-pH 5磷酸盐缓冲液(体积比为1:1)能够有效地抑制香菇中酶反应释放甲醛,达到提取香菇中游离甲醛的目的。在提取液中加入衍生化试剂2,4-二硝基苯肼,将甲醛的提取和衍生化反应相结合,此衍生液提取方法有效地提高了检测效率。鲜香菇样品中分别添加5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/kg的甲醛,平均回收率分别为89.2%、91.7%和90.4%,相对标准偏差(n=6)＜5.0%。方法的定量限（S/N＞10）为5.0 mg/kg。该方法适用于香菇中游离甲醛的检测,且快速简便、重现性好,是确定香菇中甲醛天然本底值的有效方法。     

水发食品中甲醛现场测定的样品快速前处理新方法研究

提出了一种用于现场测定水发食品中甲醛含量的样品快速前处理新方法,采用乙酸锌和亚铁氰化钾沉淀样品中的蛋白质和脂肪,在弱酸性介质和沸水浴条件下提取了样品中的甲醛,并与乙酰丙酮立即发生显色反应.研究了不同样品前处理方法对甲醛提取和测定的影响,探讨了水发食品中的甲醛本底值及其是否被人为添加甲醛的判断标准.此方法的特点是样品前处理与显色反应同时进行,在10min内即可完成对水发食品中甲醛含量的定量测定.     

一种提高化妆品中甲醛含量检测的稳定性和灵敏度的双波长光谱方法

提出了一种基于双波长光谱法(以500 nm吸光度为基准并结合414 nm处的吸光度)快速测定化妆品中甲醛含量的方法。结果表明:采用单波长的计算方法(不考虑基线漂移)产生的误差时,平行试验结果之间的相对标准偏差(RSD)可达11.5%,而该方法的RSD最大仅为0.46%。同时该方法能够有效地校正扣除萃取液颜色和基线漂移的影响,且定量下限为7.4 mg/kg。该方法具有分析时间短、操作便捷、灵敏度高、结果准确的优点,适用于化妆品中甲醛的检测。     

高效液相色谱直接测定甲醛衍生物反应条件的研究

研究了直接用于液相色谱测定甲醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼的反应条件,使反应在弱酸性和50％的乙腈条件下进行,反应产物甲醛衍生物不需要有机溶剂萃取,可直接用于液相色谱分析,避免了萃取过程的损失。该反应条件与传统的在强酸性条件下的反应进行比较。本实验所研究的反应条件用于液相色谱测定甲醛具有操作方便、准确和应用范围广等特点。在样品中添加5．14,10．28和51．4mg/kg,回收率分别为108％、93．1％和86．2％相对标准偏差(n=10)分别为1．13％、1．34％和1．29％。     

高分子复合材料中残余甲醛的萃取及高效液相色谱分析

 依据顶空 /气 液平衡原理 ,较为系统地研究了高分子复合材料中残余甲醛的萃取及高效液相色谱定量分析方法 ,探讨了影响萃取率的主要因素 ,进行了萃取及色谱分离条件的优化 ,并实现了复合材料中微量残余甲醛的准确定量测定。方法检测限为 0 1mg/kg ;相对标准偏差小于 5 % ,加标回收率为 96 %～ 10 3%。     

高效液相色谱柱后衍生测定脱水蔬菜中的亚硫酸盐

建立了检测脱水蔬菜中亚硫酸盐的反相硅胶柱净化-柱后衍生-高效液相色谱方法.样品经甲醛提取,通过反相硅胶固相萃取小柱净化,采用Discover ODS-C18柱,流动相为0.005 mol/L氢氧化四丁基铵和乙腈,在碱性条件下以5,5’-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)为柱后衍生化试剂,445 nm检测.实验结果表明,在0.050～50.00 mg/L浓度范围内,相关系数为0.9987,方法的检出限和定量限分别为1 mg/kg和2 mg/kg,添加浓度在2～900mg/kg范围内,平均添加回收率为62％～88％,相对标准偏差不大于7.8％.该法能有效地避免脱水蔬菜中亚硫酸盐测定的假阳性结果,可满足实际检测工作的需要.     

紫外可见分光光度计测定POM塑料中甲醛含量的不确定度评价

建立了分光光度法测定POM塑料中甲醛含量的不确定度评定数学模型。根据JJF 1059.1-2012标准要求与VDA 275-1994方法进行测定,从试样质量称量、重复性试验、试样水溶液的甲醛浓度、吸收液体积以及含水率测试五个方面分析测定过程中不确定度来源,并分别对其进行量化和和合成。结果表明,POM塑料中甲醛含量为5.015 mg/kg,扩展不确定度为0.254 mg/kg(k=2)。测定结果的不确定度主要来源于试样水溶液的甲醛浓度测试引入的不确定度,占比90.82%,其中线性拟合分量引入的不确定度贡献最大,占75.58%,其次是标液配制和仪器引入的不确定度分量,分别占13.41%和7.62%。因此在实际测量过程中,应重视仪器和量具的检定与核查,增加标准工作曲线的更新频次,以及规范试验操作步骤以提高测试结果的准确性;另一方面,称量、标液、含水率测试所引入的不确定度非常小,可忽略不计。     

丹磺酰肼衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定包装纸中的甲醛和乙醛

建立了丹磺酰肼(DNSH)衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测测定包装纸中甲醛和乙醛的分析方法,并与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)衍生法进行了比较。纸张样品经衍生化试剂振荡萃取30 min,衍生化反应24 h,萃取液经PSA/C18净化管净化处理后,以Diamonsil~ C18(2)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为固定相,用醋酸水溶液(pH2.55)-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用荧光检测器检测,激发波长为330 nm,发射波长为484 nm。结果表明,衍生剂、甲醛-DNSH和乙醛-DNSH在20 min内可完全分离,方法的加标回收率为81.64%~106.78%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.02%~5.53%(n=5),甲醛和乙醛的检出限分别为19.2μg/kg和20.7μg/kg,定量限分别为63.9μg/kg和69.1μg/kg。该法操作简单,灵敏度高,比常规方法具有更低的检出限,能很好地应用到实际样品检测中,为低含量醛类化合物的检测提供了一种新思路。     

分光光度法快速测定毒鼠强的研究

本文将毒鼠强在酸性条件下分解,分解产生的甲醛用水蒸汽蒸馏使之与干扰物质分离,再根据Hantzsch反应原理,用乙酰丙酮-乙酸铵溶液作显色剂分光光度法测定甲醛,从而间接测定毒鼠强的含量。本法的线性范围为5~40 mg/kg。本法干扰少,操作简便、快速,可用于中毒样品的测定。     

催化发光法同时测定空气中的甲醛、苯和二氧化硫

基于甲醛、苯和二氧化硫在纳米Ti3CeY2O11上的催化发光有交叉敏感现象,在3个波长处分别确定甲醛、苯和二氧化硫浓度与催化发光信号强度的响应关系,再依据发光信号强度的叠加性特征即可获取甲醛、苯和二氧化硫的准确浓度,据此建立了同时测定空气中甲醛、苯和二氧化硫的新方法.3个分析波长分别为420、535和680 nm,敏感材料表面温度为280℃,载气流速为130 mL/min.本方法对甲醛、苯和二氧化硫的检出限(3σ)分别为0.04、0.05和0.10 mg/m3,线性范围分别为0.08~75.60 mg/m3、0.10~101.40 mg/m3和0.30~115.00 mg/m3, 回收率分别为96.4%~103.7%、97.8%~102.5%和97.2%~103.3%.常见共存物,如乙醛、甲苯、硫化氢、氨、甲醇、乙醇和二氧化碳等不干扰测定.连续200 h通浓度均为50 mg/m3的甲醛、苯和二氧化硫混合气体,发光强度的相对偏差≤2%,表明此纳米级复合氧化物对甲醛、苯和二氧化硫的敏感性的寿命长.本方法充分利用了交叉敏感现象,可以实现空气中甲醛、苯和二氧化硫的在线分析.     

蜂蜜中外源性γ-淀粉酶残留量的测定

采用液相色谱-同位素质谱联用法(LC-IRMS)建立了测定蜂蜜中外源性γ-淀粉酶残留量的方法。先采用凝胶色谱柱对蜂蜜样品进行预分离,将样品中所含的酶与糖分离开。根据γ-淀粉酶可将底物麦芽糖酶解为葡萄糖的原理,在55 ℃、pH 4.5的0.03 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液中将γ-淀粉酶与麦芽糖反应48 h后,采用LC分离麦芽糖和葡萄糖,以IRMS测定酶解产物葡萄糖的含量来确定γ-淀粉酶的残留量。本方法的线性范围为5～200 U/kg,定量限为5 U/kg,回收率为89.6%～108.2%,相对标准偏差为3.3%～4.9%。采用本方法对市售蜂蜜和大米糖浆共38个样本进行了考察,γ-淀粉酶的检出率为76.3%。为了进一步验证本方法的检测能力,测定了掺入15%(质量分数)大米糖浆的蜂蜜样品,测得γ-淀粉酶的含量为10.2 U/kg。本方法能够有效地从酶学的角度鉴定蜂蜜中是否含有大米糖浆。     

Determination of Part-Per-Billion Levels of Formaldehyde in Aqueous Solution by Ion Chromatography with Post-Column Derivatization

Abstract

A method based on the use of an ion-exchange column, post-column derivatization with 2,4-pentane-dione (acetylacetone), and photometric detection for the determination of low levels of formaldehyde in aqueous solution is described. The lower limit of detection is 5 μg/L (ppb) and response is linear up to at least 10 mg/L. Reproducibility at the 1 mg/L level is 0.6% RSD. Determination of formaldehyde concentration in several aldehyde systems is demonstrated.     

乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定土壤中甲醛

建立乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定土壤中甲醛含量的分析方法。在磷酸介质中,土壤中的甲醛经过加热蒸馏提取,与乙酰丙酮反应生成黄色的二乙酰基二氢二甲基吡啶,然后于412 nm波长处测定其吸光度。甲醛含量在0.0~25μg范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 6,加标回收率为76.2%~87.5%,方法检出限为0.03 mg/kg,定量限为0.12 mg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.73%~3.68%(n=6)。该方法灵敏度高,分析速度快,适用于土壤中甲醛含量的测定。     

Determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, and iron in foods by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion: NMKL Collaborative Study

A method for determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, and iron by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after microwave digestion was subjected to a collaborative study in which 16 laboratories participated [including users of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and ICP-mass spectrometry (MS)]. The types of samples included in the study were minced fish, wheat bran, milk powder, bovine and pig liver, mushroom, 2 simulated diets, and bovine muscle; the last 4 were certified reference materials. These were analyzed as single (4 samples), double blind (1 sample), or split level (2 samples) samples. Before the collaborative study, a pretrial was conducted in which 4 ready-made solutions and one fish tissue sample were analyzed for Pb and Cu. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values, for results above the detection limit, ranged from 59% at 0.155 mg/kg to 16% at 1.62 mg/kg for Pb, from 28% at 0.0124 mg/kg to 11% at 0.482 mg/kg for Cd, from 9.3% at 35.3 mg/kg to 1.7% at 147 mg/kg for Zn, from 39% at 0.241 mg/kg to 3.0% at 63.4 mg/kg for Cu, and from 17% at 7.4 mg/kg to 5.9% at 303 mg/kg for Fe. The RSDR values agreed well with the norms described by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. As a complement to the AAS determinations, a number of laboratories analyzed the samples either by ICP or by ICP-MS. The results of these analyses agreed well with the AAS results. On the basis of the results of the collaborative study, the method was adopted Official First Action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.     

Quantification of veterinary antibiotics (sulfonamides and trimethoprim) in animal manure by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A fast and cost effective method was developed to extract and quantify residues of veterinary antimicrobial agents (antibiotics) in animal manure by liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds investigated include six sulfonamides, one metabolite, and trimethoprim. The method was performed without sample clean up. Recoveries from spiked manure slurry samples (spike level = 1 mg/kg) were as follows: sulfaguanidine (52%), sulfadiazine (47%), sulfathiazole (64%), sulfamethazine (89%), its metabolite N4-acetyl-sulfamethazine (88%), sulfamethoxazole (84%), sulfadimethoxine (51%), and trimethoprim (64%). Relative standard deviations of the recoveries were less than 5% within the same day and less than 20% between days. The limit of quantification was below 0.1 mg/kg liquid manure slurry for all compounds and calibration curves obtained from extracts of spiked samples were linear up to a level of 5 mg/kg liquid manure, except for trimethoprim (0.01-0.5 mg/kg). Analysis of six grab samples taken in Switzerland from manure pits on farms where medicinal feed had been applied revealed total sulfonamide concentrations of up to 20 mg/kg liquid manure.     

紫外可见分光光度法测定壁纸中甲醛的不确定度评定

采用紫外可见分光光度法测定壁纸中甲醛含量,对测定结果的不确定度进行评定。依据GB 18585–2001《室内装饰装修材料壁纸中有害物质限量》标准,对壁纸中甲醛含量的检测过程进行研究,系统地分析了整个检测过程不确定度的来源,包括重复测定、样品溶液的移取、标准工作溶液的配制、标准曲线的拟合和测定仪器等引入的不确定度。结合日常检测数据,首次采用欧洲标准化差值标准偏差的方法,对各不确定度分量进行评定。当壁纸中甲醛含量范围为0.54~28.47 mg/kg时,测定结果在95%置信区间时的相对扩展不确定度为0.035 2(k=2)。不确定度主要来源于样品移取过程中移液枪的使用、样品重复测定和标准曲线的拟合。     

Application of ion-exchange cartridge clean-up in food analysis III. Determination of benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethyl-penicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin and dicloxacillin in bovine liver and kidney by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

A multiresidue analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of benzylpenicillin (PCG), phenoxymethylpenicillin (PCV), oxacillin (MPIPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), nafcillin (NFPC) and dicloxacillin (MDIPC) in bovine liver and kidney. The method involves the use of an ion-exchange cartridge for sample clean-up followed by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The recoveries of PCG, PCV, MPIPC, MCIPC, NFPC and MDIPC from bovine liver spiked at levels of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg were in the range of 73–91% and 83–96% with coefficients of variation of 1.4–4.2% and 3.4–8.7%, respectively. For bovine kidney spiked at levels of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, the recoveries of these compounds were 79–92% and 82–92% with RSDs of 1.8–5.9% and 2.7–7.8%, respectively. The detection limits for the six penicillins were 0.02–0.05 mg/kg in bovine liver and kidney.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时检测畜禽粪便中14种兽药抗生素

研究并优化了同时分析畜禽粪便中14种抗生素(四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类)的加速溶剂萃取参数、固相富集净化程序、以及高效液相色谱分离和检测条件。结果表明,以1%乙酸(pH 2.6)作为流动相,在270 nm的检测波长下,14种抗生素能达到基线分离。3倍信噪比下,四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类抗生素的检出限分别为35～90μg/kg,12～28μg/kg,9～17μg/kg及19μg/kg。加标浓度在1和10μg/g时,畜禽粪便样品经过50%甲醇的柠檬酸盐缓冲溶液提取,HLB固相萃取柱富集净化后,四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类抗生素的回收率分别达到了58%～75%和66%～83%,74%～93%和91%～101%,74%～80%和80%～88%,85%和68%,相对标准偏差分别为6.2%～10.7%和7.8%～13.6,2.6%～10.2%和4.4%～13.2%,6.1%～12.5%和8.3%～14.6%,10.6%和12.3%。采用此方法对辽宁省部分规模化养殖场的猪粪、牛粪和鸡粪样品进行了检测。4类抗生素都有检出,浓度范围分别为0.75～22.34 mg/kg,0.10～1.71 mg/kg,0.38～4.46 mg/kg和0.23～0.35 mg/kg。     

Quantitative Determination of Formaldehyde In Air Using the Acetylacetone Method

Abstract

The quantitative determination of formaldehyde in air using the fluorimetric acetylacetone method is described. Known concentrations of formaldehyde were generated and collected in water using abosorbers. The sampling rate was 0.5 1/min, and the sampling volumes varied from 2 to 20 1, depending on the concentration level. Under these conditions the entire sampling and the analytical method were evaluated over a range of 0.2–1.7 mg formaldehyde per m³ of air.

The precision of the method expressed as a mean value of the relative standard deviation of 7 independent measurements (6 single determinations each) was (3.4 ± 1.6) % (SD). The accuracy was (101 ± 5) % (SD). The detection limit of the method was estimated to be 0.040 mg formaldehyde per m³ of air (5 liter air sample).