耗散子运动方程与福克-普朗克量子主方程

发展非线性耦合环境下精确、非微扰的量子耗散方法仍然是一个巨大的挑战.本文针对线性和二次耦合热浴模型,介绍了两种刻画系统与环境耦合动力学的有效方法.一个是耗散子运动方程（DEOM）理论,最近已被扩展到处理非线性耦合环境.另一个是推广的福克-普朗克量子主方程（FP-QME）方法,将在这项工作中基于DEOM推导给出.本文对这两种方法进行了详细的比较,并重点介绍了所涉及的准粒子图像、物理含义以及实现方案.     

耗散子运动方程与福克-普朗克量子主方程（英文）

发展非线性耦合环境下精确、非微扰的量子耗散方法仍然是一个巨大的挑战.本文针对线性和二次耦合热浴模型,介绍了两种刻画系统与环境耦合动力学的有效方法.一个是耗散子运动方程(DEOM)理论,最近己被扩展到处理非线性耦合环境.另一个是推广的福克-普朗克量子主方程(FP-QME)方法,将在这项工作中基于DEOM推导给出.本文对这两种方法进行了详细的比较,并重点介绍了所涉及的准粒子图像、物理含义以及实现方案.     

耗散系统中压缩态的产生

对于一个用于产生压缩态的典型的耗散系统，我们利用非主方程方法，得到其严格的解析解，这种处理方法为解决许多量子耗散问题提供了一种精确（不作任何近似）而简洁的途径。     

耗散子运动方程组的可控截断

为耗散子运动方程组提出精度可控的预截断方案来模拟和研究非微扰的量子耗散动力学．发展了具有类似Caldeira-Leggett主方程形式、在终止阶层采取马尔科夫和高温近似方法的截断方案,根据马尔科夫性质的分析给出确定终止层数的精度判据,并通过电荷转移体系的动力学模拟进行了检验．     

介观耗散传输线的量子化

从耗散传输线的经典运动方程出发,将传输线中的单模信号进行量子化,研究了传输线在激发相干态下的量子效应.结果表明,传输线的量子涨落不仅与电路参数和电路的状态有关,还与传输线的位置有关. 关键词： 介观传输线 耗散 单模 激发相干态     

耗散对受激拉曼绝热转移过程的影响

应用最近发展的量子耗散理论 ,研究了耗散对简单三能级体系的受激拉曼绝热转移过程的影响 ,并与pump dump过程比较 .计算结果表明 ,受激拉曼绝热转移的机制能很好地抑制中间态的弛豫与涨落的影响 .数值结果也表明了新的量子耗散理论可以正确地描述场与耗散相互耦合的动力学问题     

费米型级联运动方程的绝热截断方案

研究开放量子系统的量子耗散动力学对于理解许多新奇量子现象背后的机制和实现量子器件的精确量子态控制具有重要意义. 级联运动方程方法已成为研究这类量子耗散动力学最常用的数值方法之一. 然而，在处理强电子关联系统时，准确描述强关联效应需要高的级联截断层数. 这导致级联运动方程方法需要耗费大量物理内存和计算时间. 为了解决该问题，将具有最快耗散速率的耗散模式与其他较慢的耗散模式分离，提出了一种级联运动方程的绝热截断方案. 在单杂质安德森模型上进行的数值测试表明，与传统的方案相比，该截断方案显著地降低了级联运动方程收敛需要的截断层数. 此外，该截断方案缓解了长时间耗散动力学中的数值不稳定性.     

非厄米线性响应理论及其应用

线性响应理论是现代物理实验尤其是量子物态测量实验的理论基础,其核心是将物理系统的探测信号作为微扰,利用系统在未受扰动时的关联函数来刻画物理可观测量的响应.半个多世纪以来,基于封闭量子系统的线性响应理论在量子物态测量实验上取得了巨大的成功.随着超冷原子实验在光场与系统相互作用精确操控方面的快速进展,近年来高精度的冷原子实验已经具备研究耗散量子多体系统的条件,新奇的物理现象在实验中层出不穷,这使得国内外研究者对量子开放系统及其非厄米物理的研究与日俱增.基于此,我们发展了一个量子开放系统的线性响应理论——非厄米线性响应理论.该理论将耗散带来的非厄米效应与量子噪声作为外部探测输入来探测量子系统的性质,并将实验可观测量的含时演化与系统未受扰动状态时的关联函数及其谱函数联系了起来,提供了区分正常物态和奇异物态的一种新手段,所得到的结果与最近冷原子系统实验的结果高度吻合.本文介绍了非厄米线性响应理论,并讨论该理论在量子多体系统以及具有时间反演对称性的量子系统中的应用.     

光纤中单光子传输方程的求解及分析

量子信息在光纤中传输时,会受到光纤损耗、色散、非线性效应等多因素的影响,将产生传输态的演化与能量转移.本文以单模光纤传输方程以及电磁场量子化理论为基础,对单模光纤中基模模场进行量子化处理,推导并建立了考虑损耗、色散、非线性效应后的单光子传输方程.基于微扰法对单光子非线性传输方程进行了求解,给出了稳定解存在的必要条件及其所满足的色散方程.深入讨论了广域光功率随微扰频率的变化关系,并且分析了光纤色散、非线性效应对解的影响.为量子光纤传输系统性能的深入研究奠定了理论基础.     

耗散介观电容耦合电路的量子效应

对介观耗散电容耦合电路作阻尼谐振子处理,将其量子化,在此基础上研究电荷和电流在能量本征态下的量子涨落,并对其进行讨论.结果表明,每个回路的电荷、电流都存在量子涨落,且两回路的量子噪声是相互关联的. 关键词： 介观耗散电路 电容耦合 量子涨落     

Trajectory approach to the Schrödinger–Langevin equation with linear dissipation for ground states

The Schrödinger–Langevin equation with linear dissipation is integrated by propagating an ensemble of Bohmian trajectories for the ground state of quantum systems. Substituting the wave function expressed in terms of the complex action into the Schrödinger–Langevin equation yields the complex quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation with linear dissipation. We transform this equation into the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian version with the grid velocity matching the flow velocity of the probability fluid. The resulting equation is simultaneously integrated with the trajectory guidance equation. Then, the computational method is applied to the harmonic oscillator, the double well potential, and the ground vibrational state of methyl iodide. The excellent agreement between the computational and the exact results for the ground state energies and wave functions shows that this study provides a synthetic trajectory approach to the ground state of quantum systems.     

ac Magnetization transport and power absorption in nonitinerant spin chains

We investigate the ac transport of magnetization in nonitinerant quantum systems such as spin chains described by the XXZ Hamiltonian. Using linear response theory, we calculate the ac magnetization current and the power absorption of such magnetic systems. Remarkably, the difference in the exchange interaction of the spin chain itself and the bulk magnets (i.e., the magnetization reservoirs), to which the spin chain is coupled, strongly influences the absorbed power of the system. This feature can be used in future spintronic devices to control power dissipation. Our analysis allows us to make quantitative predictions about the power absorption, and we show that magnetic systems are superior to their electronic counterparts.     

Quantum Bouncer with Dissipation

Effects on the spectra of the quantum bouncer due to dissipation are given when a linear of quadratic dissipation is taken into account. Classical constants of motions and Hamiltonians are deduced for these systems and their quantized eigenvalues are estimated through perturbation theory. Differences were found comparing the eigenvalues of these two quantities.     

Polaron effect on linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorption of a wurtzite GaN-based nanowire

Based on the density matrix approach and the perturbation treatment, the polaronic effect on the linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorption coefficients in quasi-one-dimensional wurtzite nanowires (NWs) is investigated. The simple analytical formulas for polaronic states and the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients in the NW systems are also deduced. Numerical calculation on a freestanding wurtzite GaN NW is performed. The polaronic effect and quantum size effect as well as the influence of incident optical intensity on the optical absorption properties are analyzed and discussed. The results show that, the polaronic effect results in significant increase of the absorption coefficients, and obvious decrease of saturation absorption intensity. In order to observe strong optical absorption, a nitride NW with relative small radius should be chosen. Moreover, a comparison with the situation of GaN-based quantum well systems is also done, and the profound physics is analyzed reasonably.     

Quantum dissipation from power-law memory

A new quantum dissipation model based on memory mechanism is suggested. Dynamics of open and closed quantum systems with power-law memory is considered. The processes with power-law memory are described by using integration and differentiation of non-integer orders, by methods of fractional calculus. An example of quantum oscillator with linear friction and power-law memory is considered.     

Exciton-plasmon quantum metastates: self-induced oscillations of plasmon fields in the absence of decoherence in nanoparticle molecules

We investigate formation of unique quantum states (metastates) in quantum dot-metallic nanoparticle systems via self-induced coherent dynamics generated by interaction of these systems with a visible and an infrared laser fields. In such metastates, the quantum decoherence rates of the quantum dots can become zero and even negative while they start to rapidly change with time. Under these conditions, the energy dissipation rates and plasmon fields of the nanoparticle systems undergo undamped oscillations with gigahertz frequency, while the amplitudes of both visible and the infrared laser fields are considered to be time-independent. These dynamics also lead to variation of the plasmon absorption of the metallic nanoparticles between high and nearly zero values, forming electromagnetically induced transparency oscillations. We show that under these conditions, the effective transition energies and broadening of the quantum dots undergo oscillatory dynamics, highlighting the unique aspects of the metastates. These results extend the horizon for investigation of light-matter interaction in the presence of zero or negative polarization dephasing rates with strong time dependency.     

Theory of smeared quantum phase transitions

We present an analytical strong-disorder renormalization group theory of the quantum phase transition in the dissipative random transverse-field Ising chain. For Ohmic dissipation, we solve the renormalization flow equations analytically, yielding asymptotically exact results for the low-temperature properties of the system. We find that the interplay between quantum fluctuations and Ohmic dissipation destroys the quantum critical point by smearing. We also determine the phase diagram and the behavior of observables in the vicinity of the smeared quantum phase transition.     

Dipole-allowed optical absorption in a parabolic quantum dot with two electrons

Dipole-allowed optical absorption in a parabolic quantum dot with two electrons are studied by using the exact diagonalization techniques and the compact density-matrix approach. Numerical results are presented for typical GaAs parabolic quantum dots. The results show that the total optical absorption coefficient of two electrons in quantum dot is about five times smaller than that of one electron in quantum dot.     

加偏置电场的双曲线量子阱中线性与三阶非线性光学吸收系数的计算

利用紧致密度矩阵近似方法,研究了加偏置电场双曲线量子阱中的线性与三阶非线性光学吸收系数. 得到了该系统中的线性与三阶非线性光学吸收系数的解析表达式.分析了势阱的形状、外加电场的大小以及入射光场的强度对吸收系数的影响规律. 文章以典型的AlxGa1－xAs/ GaAs双曲线量子阱为例作了数值计算.结果表明：随着势阱宽度的增加,系统的吸收系数将减小;随着外加电场的增加,系统的非对称性增加,系统的吸收系数将增加;随着外加光场强度的增加,系统的吸收系数将减小,并且当光强增加到一定值时会出现明显的饱和吸收现象,这一结论为进一步的实验研究提供了相应的理论依据.     

Dissipative quantum dynamics in a multiwell system

We investigate the dynamics of a quantum particle moving in a tight-binding lattice and coupled to a heat bath environment. Using the Feynman-Vernon influence functional method, we obtain an exact series representation in powers of the tunneling matrix for the generating functional of moments of the probability distribution which is valid for arbitrary temperatures and linear dissipation. We prove that the Einstein relation between the linear mobility and the diffusion coefficient holds to any order of the expansion for Ohmic, and for a restricted region of super-Ohmic dissipation. We also compute in the Ohmic case the mobility in certain regions of the parameter space. In particular, we find that the low temperature correction to the zero temperature mobility behaves asT ², and we also determine the prefactor. Finally, the exact solution of the dynamics for any times, temperatures and bias is presented for a particular value of the damping strength in the case of strict Ohmic dissipation.