两末端染料修饰PNIPAM链的折叠动力学研究

本文通过原子转移自由基聚合方法合成了两种窄分布的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM). 用一种新型的含丹磺酰基(dansyl)的化合物作为引发剂,从而使PNIPAM一末端带有丹磺酰基荧光基团. PNIPAM的另一末端通过点击化学连接dabcyl基团. 稳态荧光实验发现当PNIPAM溶液温度从36 °C升至45 °C时,丹磺酰基荧光强度以及dansyl与dabcyl之间的能量转移效率随温度的升高而增加,说明升温过程中dansyl周围的微环境变得疏水,且dansyl与dabcyl之间的距离逐渐缩短. 利用自主搭建的激光诱导温度跃变结合荧光检测装置,研究了两末端修饰染料的PNIPAM的折叠动力学. 结果表明,对聚合度为85和142的PNIPAM而言,其dansyl荧光强度变化的特征时间分别为3.8 ms和5.8 ms,说明特征时间与链的长度相关. 此外,聚合度为85的PNIPAM的能量转移变化的特征时间为2.9 ms,说明能量转移的变化要快于dansyl的荧光强度变化.     

用高斯分布法计算非晶态聚合物聚氯乙烯主转变过程中的动态力学弛豫时间谱分布

对非晶态聚合物聚氯乙烯PVC进行不同频率升温扫描的动态力学弛豫谱测量,发现主转变内耗峰(α峰)峰形及其他峰参数均随频率变化。本文根据连续分布谱的理论讨论PVC主转变内耗峰弛豫时间τ的分布情况,并通过高斯分布时方法,计算出PVC主转变弛豫过程中弛豫时间常数τ₀和激活能△H对弛豫时间τ的贡献权重。指出τ₀和△H在PVC主转变过程中都有明显的分布。     

两末端染料修饰PNIPAM链的折叠动力学研究（英文）

本文通过原子转移自由基聚合方法合成了两种窄分布的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM).用一种新型的含丹磺酰基(dansyl)的化合物作为引发剂,从而使PNIPAM一末端带有丹磺酰基荧光基团.PNIPAM的另一末端通过点击化学连接dabcyl基团.稳态荧光实验发现当PNIPAM溶液温度从36℃升至45℃时,丹磺酰基荧光强度以及dansyl与dabcyl之间的能量转移效率随温度的升高而增加,说明升温过程中dansyl周围的微环境变得疏水,且dansyl与dabcyl之间的距离逐渐缩短.利用自主搭建的激光诱导温度跃变结合荧光检测装置,研究了两末端修饰染料的PNIPAM的折叠动力学.结果表明,对聚合度为85和142的PNIPAM而言,其dansyl荧光强度变化的特征时间分别为3.8 ms和5.8 ms,说明特征时间与链的长度相关.此外,聚合度为85的PNIPAM的能量转移变化的特征时间为2.9 ms,说明能量转移的变化要快于dansyl的荧光强度变化.     

混响强度及其衰减规律与脉宽的关系

本文由短脉宽下混响强度的普遍表达式I_r(t,τ)=Kτt^-me^-βt出发,导出对应的可用于长脉宽的混响强度精确表达式,并给出了忽略脉宽尺度范围的指数衰减损失后相应的近似表达式。当指数衰减系数β足够小和脉宽大于有效脉宽τ_m=a_mt(a_m随m增大而减小,m是大于2的实数)时,近程混响强度趋向饱和且随时间t的(m-1)次幂衰减。实验结果与理论符合较好。     

5(6)羧基荧光素敏化TiO2纳米粒子的光致电子转移的荧光特性研究

通过水解TiCl₄制备了锐钛矿结构TiO₂纳米粒子, 并用时间分辨荧光光谱研究了5(6)CFL(5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein, 简称5(6)CFL)染料敏化TiO₂纳米粒子体系的光致电子转移动力学. 5(6)CFL染料敏化TiO₂纳米粒子能形成电荷转移复合物, 这归因于染料分子的激发电子态波函数Ψ(D^*)与电荷分离态波函数Ψ(D⁺ +e^-)之间的耦合作用. 当激发5(6)CFL染料敏化TiO₂纳米粒子体系时, 电子以两种不同方式注入TiO₂纳米粒子导带: 第一, 通过5(6)CFL染料分子的激发态注入; 第二, 从电荷转移复合物(5(6)CFL/TiO₂)直接注入. 时间分辨荧光光谱表明, 在水溶液中纯5(6)CFL染料的荧光以寿命为τ₁=41 ps (74.4%) 和τ₂=3.22 ns (25.6%) 的双e指数衰减, 而5(6)CFL染料敏化TiO₂纳米粒子体系的荧光分别以时间常数为τ₁=44 ps (90.4%), τ₂=478 ps (8.6%) 和τ₃=2.41 ns (1.0%) 的三e指数衰减. 本文的研究工作能够为染料敏化太阳能电池的光致电子转移机理提供有价值的参考.     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)模板法制备二氧化硅中空微球

以在50 oC水溶液中析出的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺) (PNI-PAM)聚集体作为软模板,使正硅酸乙酯吸附在PNIPAM聚集体表面进行水解缩合,原位生成二氧化硅包裹PNIPAM的核壳结构微球;进一步冷却至室温使PNIPAM溶解在水中除去内核,从而成功合成出SiO₂中空微球．实验表明,只有在足够的PNIPAM和正硅酸乙酯含量以及正硅酸乙酯水解时间下,才能形成稳定的SiO₂中空微球．用TEM、SEM和FTIR对合成的SiO₂中空微球进行了表征,结果表明,微球尺寸为150 nm左右,并且由于PNIPAM上酰胺基团和正硅酸乙酯水解出来的硅醇间具有静电相互作用,使得SiO₂壳层上依然有PNIPAM残留.     

Noise destroys the coexisting of periodic orbits of a piecewise linear map

The effects of the Gaussian white noise and the Gaussian colored noise on the periodic orbits of period-5 (P-5) and period-6 (P-6) in their coexisting domain of a piecewise linear map are investigated numerically. The probability densities of some orbits are calculated. When the noise intensity is D=0.0001, only the orbits of P-5 exist, and the coexisting phenomenon is destroyed. On the other hand, the self-correlation time τ of the colored noise also affects the coexisting phenomenon. When τ_c<τ<τ_c', only the orbits of P-5 appear, and the stability of the orbits of P-5 is enhanced. However, when τ>τ_c' (τ_c and τ_c' are critical values), only the orbits of P-6 exist, and the stability of the orbits of P-6 is enhanced greatly. When τ<τ_c, the orbits of P-5 and P-6 coexist, but the stability of the orbits of P-5 is enhanced and that of P-6 is weakened with τ increasing.     

ψ(2S)的τ轻子对衰变研究

首次分析了ψ(2S)→τ⁺τ^－衰变道,给出其分支比测量结果.分析基于北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)上北京谱仪(BES)所获取的1.27×10⁶事例,得到分支比值为(3.54±0.61±0.63)×10^－3.此值与粒子表给出的ψ(2S)其它轻子道分支比值比较,符合e-μ-τ普适性假设.利用这些数据,还计算得到ψ(2S)衰变的总宽度Γ_tot=251±37keV.     

锌的X射线热漫散衍射及弹性系数

提出使用逐步逼近方法进行X射线热漫散衍射强度的水平与垂直发散修正。从测量的热漫散衍射强度经过各种修正之后,得到锌的弹性系数与超声方法得到的结果相符,分别为(以10¹²达因/厘米²为单位):c₁₁=1.6₉,c₁₂=0.39₄,c₁₃=0.54₉,c₃₃=0.68₂,c₄₄=0.42₉,c₆₆=(1/2c₁₁-1/2c₁₂=0.64₈。     

广义相对论“星系长城”

在度规系数为可分离和能量动量张量T_t^t=T_x^x=T_y^y=-σ(t,z)形式的假设下．得到Einstein场方程的三个新解，并研究了它们的对称性、奇异性等整体特性．     

BSA-SDS-Ag聚合物纳米微粒的制备及其水凝胶性质的研究（Ⅰ）

报道了BSA－SDS－Ag聚合物纳米微粒的制备及水凝胶的性质,用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外（FT－IR）光谱考察了这种聚合物微粒的结构,微粒粒径32nm左右,用UV／Vis光谱及SEM考察了冰凝胶的性,表明Ag^ 离子先与BSA产生化学键合,再学原了Ag粒,进行聚合成网状结构的聚合物。     

Infrared Quantitative Study of Acetylation of Microspheres of Polystyrene

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to study quantitatively the acetylation of monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with diameters ranging from 7 to 9μm. The CH₂ stretching infrared vibration mode at 2921 cm^?1 was used as the internal intensity standard. The acetylation extent could be easily measured by comparing the relative intensities of the bands of acetyl group (1678, 1415, 1359 cm^?1) or the bands due to the para-substituted benzene ring to the band at 2921 cm^?1 from the calibration curve.     

Application of the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis for determination of the degree of chlorination of copper phthalocyanin

To whom correspondence should be addressd.     

混合物物态方程的计算

 在采用体积相加原理计算混合物物态方程的基础上,建立了一种物理模型确定混合物温度。根据混合物中各组分温度和压强平衡条件,采用压强-密度迭代方法计算给出混合物物态方程,编制了两种组分的混合物物态方程计算程序。为检验建立的温度模型的合理性及程序的有效性,分析了不同密度、温度状态的氢（H2）和钨（W）组成的混合物状态参量,计算了以下情形及其组合情形的混合物物态方程：H₂和W以不同质量比混合;质量比固定,单组分状态不同;温度区间和密度区间不同。研究表明:实际应用中在建立的混合物温度模型基础上确定的混合物物态方程是合理的。     

傅里叶望远镜外场实验性能改进和结果分析

为了实现对傅里叶望远镜成像系统更接近实际的仿真,改进了外场实验系统结构。采用反射式目标,利用准直扩束镜替代空间滤波器和准直透镜,使用大靶面电荷耦合器件作为监视器。在无大气和包含200m水平大气两种情况下,分别对2.5mm的4种不同空间频谱分布目标进行实验。实验选用9×9,17×17,33×33和65×65傅里叶分量分别进行重构。最高成像角分辨率为3.5″。结果表明含大气与无大气重构结果的Strehl比值相近,从而证明傅里叶望远镜成像系统能够克服下行链路低阶大气扰动的影响。     

Optical investigation of dynamics of phenomena of laser-based lithotripsy

Using time-resolved high-speed shadowgraphy, the dynamics of phenomena due to laser-based lithotripsy is studied. Collapsing mechanism of bubble formed therein is investigated. In order to study the mechanism, the optically implemented mathematical morphology is applied. The study of the shape of the plasma and the collapsing region of the bubble of fluid that we are studying can possibly be used for practical application for laser-based lithotripsy.     

Electron microscopy study of aggregation of microclusters of sulphur

A study of aggregation of sulphur particles in colloidal suspension of sulphur in water-methanol mixture using TEM and electron diffraction is reported. From the micrographs the aggregates formed have been found to be random and tenuous indicating a fractal structure. The electron diffraction patterns of the aggregates are used to study the mechanism of diffusion and reaction limited aggregation.     

Some peculiarities of deep PT-changes of physical properties of rocks

Abstract

Results of petrophysical PT-experiments are discussed. Used is a method of program modeling of experiments. Thermobaric dependence of elastic properties of acid, intermediate and basic rocks as well as elastic wave velocity anisotropy in amphibolites is studied. Deep PT-regimes effect on electrical resistance of dry and water-saturated rocks has been studied. PT-conditions of full loss of the remanent magnetization of volcanites have been established. A number of regional petrophysical lithosphere models has been constructed.     

分子费米共振拉曼光谱强度分析

测量了CCl₄和CS₂分子的Raman光谱。用Bertran理论和群论等相关理论对其光谱强度进行了分析,获得了发生费米共振分子的拉曼光谱强度的特殊规律： (1)发生费米共振的基频和倍频(和频)间发生能量转移,两光谱强度大小相互接近,当发生费米共振的基频和倍频(和频)间距离很小时,两发生费米共振的光谱强度相等(R=1);(2)能出现倍频光谱强度高于其基频光谱强度;(3)也会观测到费米共振光谱,而观测不到参与费米共振的和频中的基频光谱。此研究对化学、材料科学中的分子结构、材料成分等研究中的谱线认证、归属有很好的参考价值。     

Symmetry of Lagrangians of nonholonomic systems of non-Chetaev’s type

This paper studies the symmetry of Lagrangians of nonholonomic systems of non-Chetaev's type. First, the definition and the criterion of the symmetry of the system are given. Secondly, it obtains the condition under which there exists a conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity. Finally, an example is shown to illustrate the application of the result.