Size of Micelles Determined by Static Fluorescence Quenching

We developed a new method to measure the average aggregation number of large rod-like micelles using static fluorescence self-quenching of a solubilized fluorophore. The method is based on the increase of self-quenching of micelle-solubilized pyrene through excimer formation. We consider the effect of random distribution of pyrene in micelles and the micellar size distribution. The measured average aggregation <n> _M is based on a new M-weighted raging similar to our exponential-weighted averaging in the transient decay method. We apply this method to study the effect of a large concentration of salt on the average aggregation behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyle tetraammonium bromide (CTAB). The sizes increase with increasing ionic concentrations. For SDS, we used the thermodynamic model developed by Missel et al. to calculate < n > _M which we compare with experimental results.     

Fluorescence Quenching Studies of Curcumin by Hydrogen Peroxide in Acetonitrile Solution

Summary. Steady state quenching studies of curcumin, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, fluorescence by hydrogen peroxide were conducted in acetonitrile solution. A quenching rate constant, k_q, of 1.05×10¹⁰M^–1·s^–1 was obtained with a short fluorescence lifetime of 347ps. The reaction rate constant, which is within the diffusion-limited regime, is activation-controlled. The rate constant of deactivation of the thermally excited curcumin was 1.2 orders of magnitude more nonradiative (2.67×10⁹s^–1) than radiative (2.16×10⁸s^–1). The reaction was exothermic with a G° of –1.97eV and solvent reorganization energy of 1.37eV. These values indicate that the electron transfer reaction is solvent-mediated with electron transfer rate constant, k_ET, of 2.16×10¹⁰s^–1.     

Fluorescence Probe Studies of Ionic Micelles in Concentrated Salt Solutions

We have investigated the effect of salt concentration and temperature on the average aggregation number and micro-polarity of the interior of micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STDS) and lithium dodecyl sulfate (LiDS). The transient fluorescence decay of micelle-solubilized pyrene has been measured and analyzed. An exponent weighted average aggregation number <n>_e was obtained by this technique. For SDS and STDS in NaCl solution, <n>_e increases as the temperature is lowered or salt concentration is increased <n>_e increased from ～ 50 to ～ 250 over [NaCl] = 0 to 0.8 M. Due to the strong counterion binding of lithium in the micellar solution, the LiDS micelle is much, smaller and does not increase appreciabily even at [LiCl] =0.8 M. From the fluorescence spectrum fine structure of pyrene and the fluorescence decay of the monomer and excimer, we can understand the local polarity and the water penetration to the interior of the micelle upon addition of salts and with changing temperature. The interior of the micelle becomes more nonpolar as the salt concentration is increased and the temperature is lowered. A complete kinetic analysis of the time–dependence of the fluorescence is given. The kinetic analysis is in agreement with the results reached by fluorescence spectral analysis.     

Lifetimes and Quenching of the Ā 2A′(υ3′ = 0 – 2) → X̄ 2A″ Fluorescence of HSO

Fluorescence lifetimes of vibrational levels of the first electronically excited state (ā ² A′) of HSO, determined by the technique of discharge flow and laser-induced fluorescence, are 81 ± 10, 74 ± 8, and 76 ± 14 μs for υ₃′ = 0, 1 and 2, respectively. The rate coefficients of quenching of each level by He, N₂, O₂ and O₃ were measured; the coefficients for HSO (ā, υ₃′ = 0 – 2) quenched by O₃ arc 35–50 times as great as those of HSO by He.     

表面活性剂胶束化过程中对芘的荧光猝灭

本文研究了烷基三苯基 盐及N-烷基吡啶盐胶束化过程中对芘的荧光猝灭。讨论了表面活性剂分子在水溶液中的优势构型以及芘在胶束中的增溶位置。简单说明了胶束增敏发光分析的机理。研究表明,胶束形成前后荧光猝灭均符合Stern-Volmer方程。     

Quenching of pyrene fluorescence as a technique for characterisation of swelling of interpenetrating polymer network: polyethylene/poly(styrene-co-butylmethacrylate)

A real-time monitoring of oxygen quenching of monomer fluorescence of bound probes: 1-pyrenemethyl methacrylate (PyMMA) and 1-pyrenemethyl(4-vinylbenzyl)ether (4-(1-pyrenyl)methoxymethylstyrene, PyMMS) was used for study of swelling of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) consisting of polyethylene/poly(styrene-co-butylmethacrylate) (PE/P(S-co-BMA)) with different network density. The curves of oxygen quenching of pyrene chromophore were fitted to the monoexponential form of second Fick Law. The estimated diffusion coefficient of oxygen was in the range of 1-10 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹ depending on the solvent and phase of IPN system. There is no dependence of fluorescence quenching by oxygen on cross-link density in this IPN systems.     

Interactions of Gold Nanoparticles and Lysozyme by Fluorescence Quenching Method

The fluorescence quenching technique was applied to study the interactions between lysozyme and Gold nanoparticles (GNPs). GNPs were synthesized by microwave assisted heating under reflux, using trisodium citrate as the reducing agent. The UV-visible spectra and TEM image were used to characterize the GNPs. The GNPs had a maximum absorption peak at 520 nm, with an average diameter of 13.3 nm. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was studied by Stern-Volmer equation. It was proved that the fluorescence quenching of lysozyme by GNPs was mainly a result of the formation of a lysozyme-GNP complex. Experimental results indicated that the combination reactions of GNPs and lysozyme were static quenching processes. It can be expected that the fluorescence quenching technique could provide a promising tool to study the interactions of GNPs and proteins. The binding constants, the number of binding sites at different temperatures and corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS were also calculated.     

用MAA荧光猝灭法研究苦参碱和氧化苦参碱药物代谢动力学

用乙酸（β－二羟基－α－甲基）乙烯酯（MAA）荧光法对苦参碱1氧化苦参碱在单味药、单体药和复方药中药物代谢这进行了对比研究,有兔的血药浓度计算了苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的药物代谢动力学参数,实验结果提示苦参碱、氧化苦参碱在方药中的吸收代谢较好。     

Quenching of the excited singlet state of acridine and 10-methylacridinium cation by thio-organic compounds in aqueous solution

In this work, the lowest excited singlet states of acridine (Acr), acridinium (AcrH⁺) and 10-methylacridinium (AcrMe⁺) are quenched by sulfur-containing amino acids and carboxylic acids in aqueous solution. Both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques were used to monitor the quenching of fluorescence. Stern–Volmer plots of the fluorescence intensity showed a static component (K_S) to the quenching. The experimental K_S values were compared to theoretical K_S values for outer-sphere complexes based on Debye–Hückel theory and the Fuoss equation. The general agreement between experimental and theoretical K_S values indicate that the static quenching can be attributed to non-fluorescing ion pairs associated as simple outer-sphere complexes. The computed values of the interionic distances of the ion pairs are consistent with the ion pairs of the Z_AZ_Q=−1 and −2 cases being solvent-separated ion pairs while those of the Z_AZ_Q=−3 case are contact ion pairs. The effect of the reactants’ charges on the quenching rate constants (dynamic component) was observed for the reactions of AcrMe⁺ with the anionic forms of the quenchers (having charges Z_Q=−1, −2 and −3). The rate constants (extrapolated to ionic strength, μ=0) for the quenching processes were determined to be 0.3–5.3×10¹⁰ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ depending on the ionic charge (Z_Q) of the quencher used. These trends in the quenching rate constants are rationalized with a quenching scheme for electron transfer. Analogous quenching rate constants for alanine and glycine were found to be at least an order of magnitude lower. Photoinduced electron transfer from the sulfur atom of the quencher molecule to the acridine excited singlet state is suggested to be the most likely mechanism of the process under discussion.     

化学计量学-荧光分析法同时测定萘、1-萘酚和2-萘酚

根据正交信号校正(OSC)、小波包变换(WPT)及偏最小二乘法(PLS)的算法原理,编制了名为POSC-WPTPLS的程序,结合荧光分析法快速、灵敏、选择性较好的优点,将该程序用于同时测定荧光光谱严重重叠的萘、1-萘酚和2-萘酚多组分体系,并将3种化学计量学方法(OSC-WPT-PLS、WPT-PLS和PLS)进行比较...     

用荧光熄灭法监测苦参碱氧化苦参碱的血药浓度

用自制ＭＡＡ荧光试剂，对兔体中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱进行２４ｈ监测，检出限分别为１．４１×１０＾－１１ｇ／ｍＬ和４．５×１０＾－１２ｇ／ｍＬ，血中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的肖度在１０＾－９－１０＾－８７ｇ／ｍＬ之间，该法快速，灵敏，效果良好。     

基于CdTe量子点荧光猝灭法测定水体中结晶紫

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,用水热法合成CdTe量子点(QDs),基于结晶紫对CdTe QDs的荧光猝灭作用,建立一种新的测定结晶紫含量的新方法。在优化实验条件下,结晶紫浓度在1.0~10.0μmol·L-1范围内与CdTe QDs的荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9986,检出限为0.026μmol·L-1。该方法用于水样中结晶紫含量的测定,加标回收率为96.2%~103.1%。同时,对结晶紫和CdTe QDs之间的反应机理进行探讨,发现CdTe QDs的发射光谱与结晶紫的吸收光谱能够有效重叠,且二者通过静电作用结合,可建立以CdTe QDs为供体,结晶紫为受体的荧光共振能量转移体系。     

姜黄素对酪氨酸-过氧化氢-酶催化产物的荧光猝灭机理研究

酪氨酸在辣根过氧化物酶催化下被H2O2氧化为强荧光物质(产物S),姜黄素对其荧光产生猝灭作用,根据Stern-Volmer方程和荧光寿命法研究了姜黄素对产物S的荧光猝灭为静态猝灭.姜黄素与产物S的形成常数K=9.51×108 L/mol(25℃),结合点数n=1.94.探讨了产物S与姜黄素的反应机理,该反应的热力学参数△G=-56.11 kJ\5mol-1,△H=57.37 kJ\5mol-1,△S=365.9 J\5K-1\5mol-1,说明该反应是自发进行的吸热过程.     

荧光猝灭法研究山豆根碱与人血清白蛋白间的相互作用

利用荧光光谱法研究了中药有效成分山豆根碱与人血清白蛋白(HSA)间的非共价结合特性。在37℃和47℃两个作用温度下,山豆根碱与HSA间的结合常数K分别为1.5671×103L.mol-1和2.4923×103L.mol-1,结合位点数n分别为0.8309和0.8630,表明温度升高有利于两者的结合。计算了热力学参数,表明该药物与蛋白的相互作用是一个熵增加和吉布斯自由能降低的自发过程,并由此推断山豆根碱与HSA之间的作用力是以疏水相互作用为主,为研究山豆根碱的药理作用和生物学效应,以及山豆根碱对蛋白质构像的影响等提供了重要信息。     

Study on the Interaction between Theasinesin and Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Method

Theasinesin (TS), a polymer of epigallocatechin gallate, is the main active component of tea polyphenols. Several studies indicate that tea polyphenols have extensive pharmacology activity. However, there is little research about the transportation and metabolism of tea polyphenols in vivo. Serum albumin is a most important protein serving as a depot protein and as a transport protein for many drugs and other bioactive small molecules. This study observed the interaction between TS and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that both static and dynamic quenching occurred in the fluorescence quenching of BSA by TS. The binding sites number is 1.1845 and the binding sites may close to the tyrosine residues. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔG°, ΔS° at temperatures 310 K were calculated 1.7 KJ, ?35.4 KJ, and 0.12 KJ. The negative sign of free energy (ΔG°) means that the interaction process is spontaneous. The positive enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) values of the interaction of TS and BSA indicate that the binding is mainly entropy-driven and the enthalpy is unfavorable for it, the hydrophobic forces playing a major role in the reaction. A distance of 4.037 nm was found between donor (BSA) and acceptor (TS), obtained according to the F?rster theory of non-radiation energy transfer, which indicates that the energy transfer from BSA to TS occurs with high probability. The results of synchronous fluorescence spectra and UV–vis absorption spectra showed that the peptide strands of BSA molecules extended more and the hydrophobicity decreased with the addition of TS.     

Fluorescence quenching of ethidium ion by porphyrin cations and quaternary ammonium surfactants in the presence of DNA

Fluorescence quenching of free and DNA-bound ethidium bromide (EB) by a number of quaternary ammonium and other compounds was studied. For free EB or bound EB at lower DNA concentration the fluorescence quenching follows the Stern–Volmer equation and at higher DNA concentration follows an exponential model. At least at low quencher concentrations the quenching efficiency varies with DNA or NaCl concentrations and is about 100 times greater for bound than free EB. The quenching pathways may involve energy transfer and conformational loosening or distortion of the DNA helix in addition to possible electron transfer.     

基于共轭聚电解质荧光恢复测定胰蛋白酶及其抑制剂

在1.0×10-5 mol·L-1共轭聚电解质(CPE)溶液中加入聚精氨酸(Arg6)溶液至其质量浓度达15mg·L-1,反应稳定后,CPE的荧光发生猝灭,猝灭程度达90%。加入不同浓度的胰蛋白酶(TPS)溶液反应,当TPS质量浓度达1mg·L-1时,该体系的荧光强度可恢复至原来的80%。基于上述以CPE作为荧光探针和TPS对CPE-Arg6反应体系的荧光恢复效应,可实现对CPS的实时、免标记检测,其检出限(3S/N)达0.1mg·L-1。在上述反应体系中,将CPS的质量浓度固定在1mg·L-1,然后加入不同浓度的胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TPSI)溶液,随TPSI浓度的增加,CPE的荧光恢复速率明显减慢,根据这一现象,实现了实时检测TPSI。     

巯基化壳聚糖包覆CdS量子点荧光猝灭法测定环境水样中的Hg~(2+)

合成了新型巯基化壳聚糖,并采用一步法合成了巯基化壳聚糖包覆的水溶性CdS量子点(QDs)。结果表明制备的巯基化壳聚糖包覆CdS QDs粒径均匀,该量子点在水溶液中稳定性好并且Hg2+对其荧光具有明显的猝灭作用。在最佳测定条件下,标准曲线的线性范围为3.0×10-7~5.0×10-5 mol/L,检出限为5.3×10-8 mol/L,且方法抗干扰性好,日内及日间精密度在5.8%之内。该方法应用于实际水样检测,回收率在86.4%~104.6%之间。     

Study of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids:Temperature-dependent Fluorescence and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The steady-state fluorescence spectra and molecular dynamics simulations were explored to investigate the temperature dependent organization in some imidazolium ionic liquids:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluo-rophosphate([bmim][PF6]),1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate([emim][EtSO4]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimida-zolium tetrafluoroborate([bmim][BF4]).The pure room temperature ionic liquids(ILs) exhibit a large red shift at more than an excitation wavelength of around 340 nm,which demonstrates the hetero...     

玛卡荧光碳点的合成及用于苦味酸的荧光检测

以玛卡为碳源,采用水热法制备荧光碳点。碳点水溶液在激发波长为315 nm时,最大荧光发射波长为425 nm。在玛卡荧光碳点的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.2 mol/L,pH 5.8)中,加入苦味酸,其荧光被猝灭,基于此建立了以玛卡荧光碳点为荧光探针测定苦味酸的方法。本方法检测苦味酸的线性范围为0.4~80 mmol/L,相关系数为0.9978,检出限为110 nmol/L(S/N=3),本方法线性范围宽、灵敏度高、响应快(2 min内),选择性和抗干扰能力良好。用于实际水样中苦味酸的检测,加标回收率为92.0%~110.0%,结果令人满意。