Bragg grating dispersion compensation: comments on ‘UV-written in-fibre Bragg gratings’ by I. Bennion,J. A. R. Williams,L. Zhang,K. Sugden,N. J. Doran

The design criteria for fibre Bragg grating dispersion compensation are discussed, and the use of local grating dispersion d2 φ/d2 by Bennion et al. [1] is shown to be overly restrictive. A more useful measure of compensation degradation is phase deviation from the desired quadratic frequency dependence. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Photonic crystal fibre Brillouin laser based on Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity

A photonic crystal fibre Brillouin laser based on fibre Bragg grating Fabr-Perot cavity is presented. A highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibre 25 m in length is used as Brillouin gain medium and fibre Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity is chosen in order to enhance the laser conversion efficiency and suppress the higher-order Stokes waves. The laser reaches the threshold at input power of 35 mW, and the experimental laser conversion efficiency achieves 18% of the input power of 140 mW and does not show higher-order Stokes waves. A photonic crystal fibre Brillouin laser with shorter fibre length and lower threshold is experimentally realized.     

Optical pulse compression using the combination of phase modulation and high-order dispersion compensation

Optical pulse compression using high-order dispersion compensation is proposed and theoretically analyzed. Firstly, the required dispersion profile for the high-order dispersion compensation is derived, according to the linear chirp and the nonlinear chirp of a phase-modulated continuous-wave (CW) laser source. With the use of the high-order dispersion compensation, such as the combination compensation of the second order dispersion (SOD) and the fourth order dispersion (FOD), an efficient pulse compression having a less time-bandwidth product and a greater peak power is realized. A sampled fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with both the SOD and the FOD is then designed using the equivalent chirp and the reconstruction algorithm. Finally, in the numerical simulation an optical pulse with a time-bandwidth product of 0.79 is generated via high-order dispersion compensation that is performed by using the sampled FBG.     

线性啁啾光纤光栅的优化设计

基于线性啁啾光纤布拉格光栅的色散补偿原理，探讨了不同的准高斯型耦合系数函数曲线对色散补偿特性的影响，建立使该光栅色散补偿曲线既具有高色散系数和宽带特点，同时对边峰还有相对的抑制能力的设计思想。文中讨论了相关参数对色散补偿曲线的影响。     

基于激光拍频实现啁啾光纤光栅色散的测量

以啁啾光纤光栅为例,研究了激光拍频的产生机制,并建立对啁啾光纤光栅色散的测量模型.详细阐述了系统结构和测量原理,并对测量结果和理论值进行了分析与比较,结果一致性较好.在频谱分析仪分辨率为2.5kHz的情况下,色散测量准确度可以达到0.1ps,啁啾光纤光栅色散的实际测量也证实了该系统的可行性,系统相对简单,测量准确度高,可为色散测量提供参考.     

Novel B/Ge codoped photosensitive fibres and their dispersion compensation applications

A novel B/Ge codoped fibre was proposed, which also has photosensitive depressed inner cladding. The transmission spectrum of written grating in this fibre verified its strong photosensitivity and suppression of cladding mode coupling. After taking the diffraction into account, a more exact equation of the Bragg wavelength tuning theory of phase mask method was given. Then 8 cascaded fibre Bragg gratings centered at different wavelengths were successfully written with 248 nm KrF excimer laser and one piece of 1067 nm phase mask. By tilting the phase mask, chirp was also written in each grating. At last, it compensated the dispersion of 44 km single mode fibre in the 8 × 10 Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexing system successfully.     

基于非线性偏振旋转锁模的高功率光子晶体光纤飞秒激光振荡器

为了探索大模场面积光子晶体光纤锁模激光器在全正色散锁模域内的耗散孤子锁模机理, 以获得更大的单脉冲能量和更高的峰值功率, 本文搭建了以掺镱大模场面积光子晶体光纤作为增益介质的耗散孤子锁模激光器. 激光器使用环形腔结构, 利用非线性偏振旋转以及滤光片提供的耗散作用实现了稳定的锁模运转. 实验中, 从激光器振荡级直接获得了平均功率10 W, 重复频率49.09 MHz(对应202 nJ的单脉冲能量), 脉冲宽度为1.03 ps的稳定锁模脉冲输出, 经过腔外色散补偿得到的脉冲宽度为95.5 fs.     

基于色散补偿光纤的高速光纤光栅解调方法

本文提出并论证了一种光纤光栅高速解调的新方法, 利用色散补偿光纤的色散效应, 将光纤光栅的波长漂移信息转换成时域信息. 采用脉冲激光器作为光源, 仅需一个光脉冲可获取单根光纤上所有光纤光栅的反射光脉冲, 再根据各个光栅反射回光脉冲的延时变化即可实现波长的解调. 本方法可用于准分布光纤光栅传感网络解调, 系统采用全光纤结构, 无需波长扫描, 大大提高了解调速度. 本文搭建了测试系统进行实验验证, 对3个光纤光栅组成的准分布式传感网络进行了解调, 实验结果表明, 解调出的光纤光栅布喇格波长线性度好, 解调速度最高可达1 MHz, 采样数据取10次平均后解调线性度可达0.9969, 解调误差约为27.8 pm.     

优化二元相位取样光纤布喇格光栅及对色散和色散斜率补偿的应用

利用粒子群算法对二元相位取样光栅的周期相位调制进行优化设计，在此基础上提出了基于二元相位取样光纤布喇格光栅的色散和色散斜率补偿技术.通过光栅周期啁啾可以调整每个信道的带宽，色散量由子光栅长度决定，调整取样函数的啁啾系数可以改变色散斜率，因此可以设计出用于波分复用系统的多信道色散补偿器件.     

Soliton compression and pulse-train generation by use of microchip Q-switched pulses in Bragg gratings

Pulse compression and pulse-train generation are demonstrated by use of kilowatt 580 ps pulses generated by a compact (15 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm) microchip Q-switched laser followed by a fiber Bragg grating. A 12-fold pulse compression to 45 ps with five times peak power enhancement is achieved at 1.4 kW through soliton effect compression in the fiber grating. At 2.5 kW, modulational instability leads to a train of high-contrast sub-100 ps pulses. These demonstrations take advantage of the ultrastrong dispersion at frequencies close to the edge of the photonic bandgap. Experimental results are discussed in the context of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation and are compared with simulations of the nonlinear coupled-mode equations.     

The system of L-band 2×10 Gb/s WDM transmission over conventional single mode fibre with 600 km by chirped fibre Bragg gratings dispersion compensation

A chirped fibre Bragg grating according to ITU-T suggested L-band (2nd channel $\lambda _{1}=1570.83$~nm; 80th channel $\lambda _{2}=1603.57$ nm) with more than 1800 ps/nm single channel dispersion compensation is presented in this paper, of which the cladding mode loss, the delay curve ripple and the power fluctuation of the reflected spectrum are less than 0.5 dB, 50 ps and 0.25 dB, respectively. With this new FBG as dispersion compensation device, a $2\times 10$ Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) L-band transmission of 600 km based on conventional single mode fibre (G.652 fibre) is performed without forward error correction. The bit error rate (BER) is less than 10$^{ - 12}$ and the power penalties of the 2{nd} and 80{th} channel of L-band are 1.8~dB and 2.0~dB, respectively.     

分布反馈光纤激光器的研制

利用相位掩膜板,直接在掺饵光纤上紫外写入π／２相位光栅,研制出１０ｃｍ长相移分布反馈（ＤＦＢ）光纤激光器,并对其调制特性进行了研究。     

双锥型光纤布喇格光栅光谱特性

利用传输矩阵法和有限元法分析了光栅周期、调制深度、锥腰直径和不同设计区段长度比等光栅制作参量和结构设计参量对双锥型光纤布喇格光栅光谱特性的影响.软件仿真结果表明:限定相关参量后,光栅周期增大,双锥型光纤布喇格光栅整体反射谱右移,与均匀分布光纤布喇格光栅光谱变化规律一致;调制深度增强,两主反射峰基本不变,而两主反射峰中间的次级峰个数增多,光强增大;锥腰直径减小,激发更多包层模,干涉峰个数增多,强度提升;整根光栅长度保持1cm不变,锥腰区,标准光栅区和渐变光栅区长度比直接影响次级峰的数量和幅值,随着渐变光栅区长度占比的增大,次级峰的幅值增大,同时个数减少.双锥型光纤布喇格光栅可在多参量传感器、多通道滤波器、多通道半导体激光器、色散补偿和光上下载分插复用等方面广泛应用.     

Thermally stable optical fibre Bragg grating wavelength reference

The inherent temperature dependence of optical fibre Bragg gratings is caused mainly by the positive thermo-optic effect of the fibre core material, and it results in an increase of Bragg wavelength with temperature. Special mounting techniques may be designed in order to compensate this thermo-optic effect by counter-acting effects: decreasing mechanical strain, as well as a decreasing effective refractive index for the guided light wave by evanescent field interaction with a liquid of negative thermo-optic effect. Because of the non-linear interaction characteristics, exact temperature compensation is obtained for a certain temperature, which depends on the design parameters. Such stabilised fibre Bragg gratings find application as wavelength references in Bragg grating sensor networks.     

啁啾飞秒激光脉冲形成的光纤光栅的Bragg反射特性

在800nm飞秒脉冲激光照射下光敏玻璃As₂S₃光纤具有双光子吸收 现象，当一束超短激光脉冲与另一束啁啾超短激光脉冲在As₂S₃光纤相遇时，干涉图案将 永久地记录一个空间啁啾光栅.研究了该光栅结构与入射超短脉冲激光脉冲参数的关系，数值计算表明该光栅具有较大的Bragg反射带宽. 关键词： 啁啾光纤光栅 飞秒激光脉冲 双光子吸收效应     

Design of waveguide-integrated semiconductor laser sources for optical frequency comb generation

A numerical study of threshold gain and modal dispersion in integrated semiconductor laser optical frequency comb sources is presented. We consider an example device where one of the cleaved facets of the laser is replaced by a short Bragg grating section and show that as many as 16 modes can be selected at the first harmonic of the underlying Fabry-Perot cavity. An intracavity approach to limiting the grating-induced dispersion that can be implemented directly through the grating profile is demonstrated.     

Correction of systematic errors in the fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings

We suggest a novel method for significant improvement of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) spectral characteristics based on compensation of repeatable errors during the grating writing process. The method is based on an open loop scheme in which a test grating is written first and then a corrected design is obtained and implemented by writing another (compensated) grating. The results are presented for a FBG dispersion compensator.     

Environmentally stable picosecond Yb fiber laser with low repetition rate

A SESAM-mode-locked, all-polarization-maintaining Ytterbium fiber laser producing picosecond pulses with narrow spectral bandwidth is presented. A simple linear all-fiber cavity without dispersion compensation is realized using a uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Different cavity lengths are investigated and repetition rates down to 0.7 MHz are obtained. Bandwidth and pulse duration of the output pulses are mainly determined by the choice of FBG. Pulses between 30 and 200 ps are generated employing different FBGs with bandwidths between 17 and 96 pm. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. The laser holds great potential for simple amplification setups without pulse picking.     

利用啁啾光纤光栅进行色散补偿的研究

分析了由于光纤的色散引起的脉冲展宽,并介绍了啁啾布拉格光纤光栅进行色散补偿的基本原理。２－５Ｇｂ／ｓ、１００ｋｍ 色散补偿的实验结果表明,利用啁啾光纤光栅进行色散补偿是一种切实可行的色散补偿方案。     

基于色散调谐宽带扫频光纤激光器及其在光纤光栅解调中的应用

报道了一种基于色散调谐技术的宽带扫频掺铒光纤激光器。通过在主动锁模光纤激光器腔内引入较大色散,利用锯齿波电信号调制电光调制器的调制频率,可以实现激光器扫频输出。应用扫频激光器可将光纤光栅反射中心波长的变化转变为时域上信号间隔变化,适用于光纤光栅传感解调。搭建了扫频光纤激光器,利用掺铒光纤作为增益介质,研究了扫频范围的影响因素。通过优化实验参数,实验得到的扫频带宽达到43 nm,接近增益带宽,扫频速度为50 Hz。利用搭建的扫频激光器进行了光纤光栅传感解调,灵敏度约为0.68 ms/nm,验证了解调原理。