高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水产品中残留的喹乙醇代谢物

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测水产品中喹乙醇代谢物3甲-基-喹恶啉-2羧-酸(MQCA)的残留分析方法。样品先用Protease蛋白酶酶解,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取目标物,氮气吹干后用流动相溶解残渣,以甲醇、乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液作为流动相,液相色谱串联电喷雾质谱在正离子模式下测定。MQCA在1~100μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r0.999)。在2、4、8μg/kg3个添加水平上,回收率在82.5%~87.5%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~5.1%(n=6),定量限为1μg/kg。方法已用于水产品中喹乙醇代谢物的残留分析。     

QuEChERS/GC-MS法测定水产品中的硫丹及其代谢物

建立了QuEChERS法提取净化、气相色谱质谱联用仪测定水产品中的硫丹(α-硫丹和β-硫丹)及其代谢物硫丹硫酸盐的方法。样品用10 mL乙腈提取,取1 mL加入PSA和C18粉末振荡后离心,上清液过滤膜后用气相色谱质谱联用仪测定。3种物质在0.5~100μg/L范围内线性良好,在1,5,10μg/kg3个浓度水平下3种目标物平均添加回收率在72.3%~101.6%之间,RSD小于10%,定量限为0.5μg/kg,满足进出口检测要求,已应用于水产品中硫丹残留的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中麻醉剂MS-222残留

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中麻醉剂3-氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲基磺酸盐(MS-222)残留量的方法。提取液为50%的甲醇及乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液,提取液经C18固相萃取柱净化处理后用液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行测定,外标法定量。流动相为0.5%的甲酸溶液和乙腈(V:V=60:40),流速为0.2 mL/min。该方法的线性范围为0.001～1.0 mg/L,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为1μg/kg,定量限为2μg/kg。加标回收率可以达到80%～110%。     

水产品中喹烯酮和喹赛多及其主要代谢物残留的HPLC-MS/MS检测方法研究

以草鱼、南美白对虾、中华绒鳌蟹为样品,建立了喹烯酮(QCT)和喹赛多(CYA)及其主要代谢物脱二氧喹烯酮(BDQCT)、3-甲基喹啉-2-羧酸(MQCA)、脱二氧喹赛多(BDCYA)和喹啉-2-羧酸(QCA)多残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)确证检测方法。组织样品经乙腈-乙酸乙酯(1∶1)、盐酸溶液分步提取,Oasis MAX固相萃取柱净化,以甲醇、乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,经Waters XBridge C18色谱柱分离后,采用HPLC-MS/MS仪进行测定。采取正离子选择反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,喹烯酮和喹赛多及其主要代谢物的响应值与其质量浓度在2~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好。在加标浓度为5~50μg/kg范围内,6种待测物的平均回收率为76.3%~94.2%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~11.7%。方法的检出限为0.5~1.6μg/kg,定量下限为2.0~5.0μg/kg。该方法适用于水产品中QCT和CYA及其主要代谢物残留的确证检测和同时定量分析。     

在线固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中10种大环内酯类抗生素

建立了在线固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱检测猪肉中10种大环内酯类抗生素残留的方法。样品经过乙腈提取,提取液40℃旋蒸至干后,分析物用2 mL磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,溶解液经在线固相萃取柱(HLB柱)富集净化,甲醇洗脱,然后转移至XBridge BEH C18色谱柱上,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈溶液为流动相进行分离,最后用串联四极杆质谱检测。结果表明,10种大环内酯类抗生素在0.1~200μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.990。方法的检出限范围为0.05~0.30μg/kg,定量限范围为0.10~1.00μg/kg;添加水平为0.10~10.0μg/kg时,方法回收率为69.6%~115.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)10%。该方法可以作为猪肉中大环内酯类抗生素的检测方法。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定水产品中24种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了同时测定水产品中24种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法。称取1.0 g样品于10 mL玻璃离心管中,加内标D4-DEHP溶液(10 mg/L)100μL,氯化钠0.5 g,以5 mL乙腈-乙酸乙酯(1∶1)超声提取5 min,4 000 r/min离心5 min,移取上层有机相。再加入3 mL乙腈-乙酸乙酯重复提取。合并两次的提取液浓缩至1～2 mL后,经Florisil玻璃固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液在50℃下氮吹至近干,用正己烷超声溶解定容至1 mL,供GC-MS分析。24种PAEs的定量下限(LOQ)为1～500μg/kg,检出限(LOD)为0.1～100μg/kg。选取鱼、虾为研究基质考察方法的准确度及精密度,24种PAEs在3个添加水平时的平均回收率及相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为73%～120%、2.0%～19.7%。结果表明,该方法提取效率高,净化效果好,重复性强,能够满足水产品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的检测需求。     

高效液相色谱法测定卤化丁基橡胶塞中2-巯基苯并噻唑残留量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定卤化丁基橡胶塞中2-巯基苯并噻唑残留量的分析方法。将样品切成小块，以乙腈为浸提溶剂，按照0.5 g/mL浸提比例于40℃水浴超声浸提30 min。采用Xbridge BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱，以体积分数为0.1%的磷酸溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱，于波长324 nm处检测。2-巯基苯并噻唑的色谱峰面积与质量浓度在0.050 49～2.020μg/mL范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为0.999 9。方法检出限为0.004 24μg/mL，定量限为0.050 49μg/mL，样品平均加标回收率为90.16%～92.66%，测定结果相对标准偏差为2.21%～4.96%(n=6)。该方法专属性强，灵敏度高，准确性好，可用于卤化丁基橡胶塞中2-巯基苯并噻唑残留量测定。     

分散固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定茶叶中的苦参碱

建立了茶叶中苦参碱残留量的分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经氨水碱化，乙腈提取，浓缩后经分散固相萃取净化，以乙腈和乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，C18色谱柱分离，采用电喷雾离子源，正离子扫描，多反应监测(MRM)模式测定，外标法定量。结果表明，苦参碱在1.0～20 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好，相关系数大于0.998。方法对于茶叶中苦参碱的定量限为5.0μg/kg。在5.0、10和50μg/kg 3个加标浓度水平下的加标回收率为80%～98%,相对标准偏差均不大于7.2%。本方法快速、简便，准确性和灵敏度较高，可作为茶叶中苦参碱残留量的有效检测方法。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱测定蔬菜中喹诺酮类抗生素

建立了蔬菜中4种喹诺酮类抗生素的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)分析方法。每克蔬菜样品(干重)以15 mL乙腈-HCl(125∶8,V/V)进行振荡-超声提取3次,用HLB固相萃取柱进行净化富集,以6 mL 1%酸化乙腈进行洗脱,用N2进行吹脱,最后用初始流动相进行定容。以0.1%甲酸-乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸溶液作为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式进行UPLC-ESI-MS/MS检测。蔬菜中4种喹诺酮类化合物不同浓度加标回收率为61%～90%;相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%(个别除外);检出限为0.021～0.092μg/kg;定量限为0.065～0.312μg/kg。本方法能够满足实际蔬菜样品的分析要求。     

液相色谱法测定水产品中亚甲基蓝残留量

建立了水产品中亚甲基蓝残留的样品处理方法和分析测定方法。样品经乙腈提取,正己烷去脂、二氯甲烷萃取后浓缩,用液相色谱仪-紫外检测器进行分析测定。亚甲基蓝的定量限为5.0μg/kg,检出限为2.5μg/kg,在5～1000 ng/mL范围内标准曲线线性良好,3种水产品添加5个浓度水平的平均回收率为71.4%～92.8%,相对标准偏差均小于6%(n=6)。方法适用于水产品中亚甲基蓝残留的定性定量分析。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。