P204-P507-H2SO4体系萃取稀土元素的研究

对P204与P507混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取分离Nd和Sm的行为进行了研究。重点考察了在硫酸介质中,P204添加一定量P507对稀土萃取能力、反萃性能以及Nd-Sm分离效果的影响。测定了不同比例的混合有机相在不同平衡酸度下的Nd,Sm分配比以及协同系数,并得到了相应条件下的Sm/Nd分离系数。试验结果表明,P204与P507混合体系在硫酸介质中萃取分离Nd,Sm时存在不同程度的正协同效应。     

Nd比值测定中的Sm、Nd分离——HDEHP分离法

利用一种涂结型阳离子分离交换树脂分离测定Sm-Nd年龄中的Sm、Nd二元素。本文详细介绍了这种方法的基本原理和树脂制备、装柱条件及化学分离过程。并且与测定Sm-Nd同位素年龄中的另一种Sm、Nd元素分离方法(α-羟基异丁酸HBAR分离法)进行了比较。     

钇、钕和钐负载的MCM-41介孔材料的合成和表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)为模板剂,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用水热晶化法成功合成了Y,Nd,Sm骨架负载的MCM-41介孔材料,通过XRD,N2吸附脱附、SEM,IR,TG-DTA等测试手段对其孔结构、微形貌和Y,Nd,Sm的存在状态进行了表征。XRD结果表明,合成样品具有典型的六方有序排列的MCM-41结构,Y,Nd,Sm离子可以进入介孔材料骨架。N2吸附脱附等温线表明样品具有明显的介孔特征。SEM图片表明各负载样品呈较规则的球形颗粒分布,直径约在0.10~0.15μm。样品的IR图谱在960~985cm-1区间分别出现了Si-O-Ln(Ln=Y,Sm,Nd)的特征吸收峰,证明Y,Nd,Sm存在于介孔材料的骨架中。TG-DTA结果表明,YMCM-41,NdMCM-41和SmMCM-41介孔材料中存在着两种不同的模板剂键合位,进一步证明了Y,Nd,Sm进入了介孔材料骨架。     

稀土配合物（RE（DBM）3，RE=Nd、Sm、Gd）分子内能量弛豫过程的光声光谱研究

利用光声振幅谱和位相谱对稀土配合物(Nd(DBM)3、 Sm(DBM)3和Gd(DBM)3分子内弛豫过程进行了研究。Sm(DBM)3、 Gd(DBM)3和Nd(DBM)3的配体π-π*跃迁的光声振幅强度依次增强,而Gd、 Sm和Nd的配合物在配体吸收波段内位相依次减小,反映分子内的弛豫过程。对于Gd(DBM)3,配体最低三重态能量不能传递到中心离子4f激发态能级上而直接弛豫回基态;对于Sm(DBM)3和Nd(DBM)3,配体三重态能量有效地传递到中心离子上, Nd3+各能级间隔小且相互重叠,激发态能量几乎全部以无辐射跃迁回基态; Sm3+为荧光离子,激发态上的部分能量以荧光形式发射。由此并结合荧光光谱的结果建立了分子内能量弛豫模型。     

TTHA-稀土络合物的导数光谱及分析应用

本文研究了氨羧络合剂三乙基四胺六乙酸对稀土离子特征吸收光谱的增强作用及络合物的导数光谱在分析中的应用。拟定了某些单一稀土(Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Ho、Er)的测定方法。测定了合成试样中的Pr、Sm、Eu和Ho、Er、Nd以及氧化稀土混合物中的Pr、Nd,都获得了比较满意的结果。     

YAG∶Nd中Pr,Sm,Dy杂质对其光谱的影响

采用溶胶 -凝胶法合成了YAG∶Nd ,Re(Re =Pr,Sm ,Dy)系列化合物 ,研究了它们的光谱性质 .结果表明 :Pr3 + ,Sm3 + ,Dy3 + 对YAG基质中Nd3 + 的发光具有猝灭作用 ,属于有害杂质 ,在激光晶体原料中必须除去     

YAG∶Nd中Pr,Sm,Dy杂质对其光谱的影响

采用溶胶 -凝胶法合成了YAG∶Nd ,Re(Re =Pr,Sm ,Dy)系列化合物 ,研究了它们的光谱性质 .结果表明 :Pr3 + ,Sm3 + ,Dy3 + 对YAG基质中Nd3 + 的发光具有猝灭作用 ,属于有害杂质 ,在激光晶体原料中必须除去     

数学模拟法研究氨化 P507分离 Nd-Sm 工艺

用数学模拟法研究了 NdCl_3-SmCl_3-HCl-H_2O-1.5M 氨化 P507-煤油体系的萃取平衡。提出了采用不氨化和氨化萃取剂的萃取平衡模型。利用这些模型初步进行了分馏萃取模拟,并研究了各种平衡数据之间的相互关系,利用其内在联系提出了较简单的模拟方法,以方便模拟工艺要求的任何氨化率的萃取体系。模拟结果与 Nd-Sm 分离试验结果符合得很好,Nd 和 Sm 产品纯度误差分别为0.13%和1.3%。文中还提出了保证不乳化、进料级位置合理、符合萃取要求的不同 Nd、Sm 组分的优化分离工艺。只用6～7级就可使 Nd、Sm 两种产品纯度达到99%以上。     

希土元素与苯甲酰三氟丙酮的螯合物

用三种方法制备了两类希土和苯甲酰三氟丙酮的固体螯合物Ln(BTA)_4·Hpip(Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Er及Y)和Ln(BTA)_3·2H_2O(Ln=Nd,Eu及Tb).测定了Nd(BTA)_4·Hpip的分子量和Ln(BTA)_4·Hpip的熔点.研究了Nd(BTA)_4·Hpip,Sm(BTA)_4·Hpip和Nd(BTA)_3·2H_2O的热稳定性,并与相应的苯酰丙酮螯合物进行了比较.     

La、Nd、Sm、Tb与HDBM配合物的固相反应合成与表征

研究了HDBM与La、Nd、Sm、Tb等希土离子的固相配位反应，REAc₃·xH₂O(La、Nd: x=3/2; Sm: x=2; Tb: x=4)与HDBM进行固相配位反应制备RE(DBM)₃配合物，经元素分析、红外、X衍射和光声光谱检测进行表征。     

High-Precision Measurements of the 143Nd/144Nd Isotope Ratio in Certified Reference Materials without Nd and Sm Separation by Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

We present a precise and accurate method for the determination of ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio without Nd and Sm separation by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We corrected instrumental mass discrimination by applying the natural constant ¹⁴⁶Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio as an internal standard after isobaric interference correction of ¹⁴⁴Sm on ¹⁴⁴Nd using interference-free ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁹Sm ratio for Sm mass fractionation. The present method was validated by duplicate analyses of several certified reference materials after dissolution and cation-exchange resin purification. The precision (2σ) of the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio is less than 10 ppm (internal) and 20 ppm (external), respectively.     

Rare earth element determination in silicate rocks using neutron activation analysis and mass spectrometry

A pre-irradiation group separation procedure for the quantification of 11 to 13 rare earth elements (REE) in geological materials by neutron activation analysis, with yield determination by mass spectrometry isotope dilution analysis of Sm and Nd, is described. Utilization of the shorterlived isotopes of the REE allow sufficient data for most geochemical studies to be obtained within one day of irradiation, although where necessary additional information may be obtained following a decay period of three to four weeks. Analysis of selected USGS rock standards shows the method to be both accurate and precise.     

稀土单氧化物发射光谱法的研究I.混合稀土浓集物中钐的双波长测定

报道了空气乙炔火焰中ＳｍＯ蒸气的发射光谱行为，试验了Ｌａ、Ｎｄ、Ｅｕ、Ｙ对ＳｍＯ发射强度增强作用，在大量Ｌａ存在下，ＳｍＯ的发射强度与其浓度成正比关系。用大量Ｌａ作增感剂和干扰抑制剂，借助双波长测定法克服光谱干扰，实现了直接测定高Ｙ混合稀土浓集物中的Ｓｍ，方法准确，快速     

Separation of rare earth,nuclear-fuel burn-up monitors in the 10−9 mole range by high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV-detection

Anion-exchange chromatography of the rare earth (Sm, Nd, Pr, Ce) ions in methanol-nitric acid-water media is performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The separation method is especially designed for determination of¹⁴⁸Nd in the nuclear fuel cycle in order to find precise burn-up values. The high-pressure liquid chromatography method presented here is very fast, gives high resolutions, and enables collection of selected fractions containing nmoles of rare earth by UV monitoring at 280 nm of the eluate.     

Determination of rare earth impurities in high purity uranium by isotope dilution analysis

Summary An isotope dilution method for the determination of rare earth impurities in uranium has been developed and Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd have been determined in uranium oxide samples. The method involves isotopic dilution with enriched isotopes of the rare earths being measured, followed by the separation of rare earths from uranium. A mass spectrometer with thermionic source was used to determine the relative isotopic abundances in each of these rare earths. All these five elements were analysed selectively by preferential evaporation technique. Trace concentrations down to parts per billion range can be measured with good sensitivity and accuracy.

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Bestimmung von Verunreinigungen an Seltenen Erden in hochreinem Uran durch Isotopenverdünnungsanalyse

Zusammenfassung Eine Isotopenverdünnungsmethode wurde ausgearbeitet zur Bestimmung von Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu und Gd in Uranoxidproben. Das Verfahren umfaßt isotopische Verdünnung mit angereicherten Isotopen der zu bestimmenden Elemente und nachfolgende Abtrennung der Seltenen Erden von Uran. Die relativen Isotopenhäufigkeiten wurden mit Hilfe eines Massenspektrometers mit thermischer Ionenquelle bestimmt. Alle fünf Elemente wurden durch selektive Verdampfung analysiert. Spurenkonzentrationen bis herab zum ppb-Bereich konnten mit guter Empfindlichkeit und Genauigkeit erfaßt werden.

     

Intereferences from uranium fission in neutron-activation analysis in an Argonaut-type Low Flux Reactor

The interferences by uranium fission on the determination by neutron activation analysis of Zr, Mo, Ru, La, Ce, Nd and Sm are investigated for the Argonaut-type Low Flux Reactor at ECN, Petten, The Netherlands. In addition, the spectral interference of the determination of Sm by²³⁹Np is considered. The experimental values for fission yields are found to be in good agreement with calculated values based on recent cross-section compilations.     

Simultaneous determination of light rare earths in monazite sand by densitometry on thin-layer chromatograms

The determination of individual light rare-earth metals in monazite sand is described, based on TLC with a mixture of di-isopropyl ether, diethyl ether, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate and nitric acid (8:8:0.4:0.07 v v ) as eluent. Linear densitometric calibration graphs are obtained for individual light rare-earths in the range 0.015-0.60 mug. The minimum detectable quantities of La. Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm are 9, 10, 20, 13 and 12 ng, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the determination of La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm in monazite sand were 1.8, 1.1, 5.9, 1.9 and 6.5%, respectively. Results were in good agreement with those obtained by spectrophotometry.     

Chemometric alternatives for resolution of classical analytical problems Spectrophotometric determination of lanthanide mixtures

The simultaneous determination of lanthanide family elements is one of the greatest problems in analytical chemistry, due to the close similarity of their chemical properties. Spectrophotometric methods are generally of limited use, due to the various mutual spectral interferences involved. By using multivariate calibration methods (partial least-squares regression, PLSR), it was possible to obtain a model that adjusts itself perfectly to the values of the mixture concentrations used in the calibration. The model used absorption spectra in the 290-800 nm range for a set of 20 different mixtures of Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm, and made possible the determination of Ce, Pr and Nd concentrations of a commercial rare-earth product, with significantly greater precision than the conventional univariate calibration method. Determination of the Sm concentrations was not possible, since its concentration was below the concentrations used in the model definition.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定混合稀土铜合金中稀土和非稀土元素

本文提出了用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP—AES)法直接测定混合稀土铜合金中13个非稀土和稀土元素。选用了合适的分析线对及ICP光源的工作参数。探讨了观察高度、功率、酸度、载气和基体量的变化对被测元素谱线强度的影响。不用化学分离,可一次同时测定La、Ce、pr、Nd、Sm、Sn、Zn、Fe、Al、Ni、Pb,Mg和Mn。测定范围(％):La_2O_3:0.096～6.4;CeO_2:0.24～16;Pr_6O_(11):0.0384～2.56;Nd_2O_3:0.096～6.4;Sn:0.096～3.2;Mg、Mn、Fe,Sm_2O_3:0.024～1.6;Zn:0.396～6.7;Pb:0.092～6.4;Ni:0.096～3.2;Al:0.0384～1.28。相对标准偏差±3.0～9.1％;回收率85～116％满足冶炼上的要求,得到了满意的结果。