核酸适体识别荧光法检测汞离子

通过对已知的Ni2+适体的改造,发现了对Hg2+有较强结合活性的核酸适体N1,基于N1的二级结构进行改造,获得了具有较高活性的核酸适体N5,并建立了荧光检测方法。以荧光基团FAM标记核酸适体,在94℃变性5 min,室温(25℃)下复性30 min后,适配体与标记有荧光猝灭基团DABCYL的一段互补序列Q2结合(适体与Q2的浓度比为1∶3),加入系列浓度的Hg2+与互补序列竞争结合核酸适体,以荧光信号的变化定量分析Hg2+浓度。结果表明,N1与Hg2+结合呈线性,线性范围为1.25～20 mg/L;检出限为0.62 mg/L;以N1结构为基础改造合成的序列和结构均不同的适体N4,N5,N6,N7对Hg2+的识别结合活性均不同,其中适体N5与Hg2+结合活性最为灵敏,特异性高,线性范围为0.156～2.50 mg/L;检出限为78μg/L。     

基于核酸适体构象变化的荧光钾离子检测

噻唑橙(Thiazole orange,TO)在游离状态下几乎没有荧光,但当其与富G的DNA结合后,会产生很强的荧光增强效应。据此,利用TO识别有无钾离子存在时富G序列的构象变化,建立了一种基于核酸适体(Aptamer)构象效应进行钾离子检测的无标记荧光检测方法。在优化实验条件下,钾离子浓度在(1～60)×10-6mol/L和(4～9)×10-4mol/L范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为2.2×10-7mol/L。对Li+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH4+5种离子进行对照试验的结果表明,该方法不仅具有较好的灵敏度还具有较好的选择性,且无需对DNA进行标记,成本低,分析速度快。     

基于目标物诱导置换及纳米金催化的新型荧光技术检测腺苷

在一定条件下, 磁性纳米颗粒上修饰的腺苷核酸适体与纳米金标记的核酸探针杂交; 再加入目标物腺苷诱导适体构象变换, 并置换出金标探针; 经磁场分离后, 游离的金标探针进一步用于催化抗坏血酸还原铜离子, 使铜离子对钙黄绿素的荧光猝灭得到抑制. 由于极少量的纳米金能够催化大量铜离子还原并沉积在其表面, 铜离子浓度急剧降低, 从而改变钙黄绿素的荧光信号. 实验结果表明, 腺苷的动力学响应浓度范围为100 pmol/L~10 nmol/L, 检出限低至80 pmol/L. 核酸适体的高度特异识别性能保证了该方法具有良好的选择性.     

基于磁性微球分离技术的核酸适体化学发光检测可卡因

设计了一种基于磁性微球与核酸适体的夹心式化学发光适体传感器,建立了高灵敏度的可卡因分析方法。实验考察了反应所用羧基磁性微球、捕获探针、可卡因适体、生物素标记的报告序列以及链霉亲合素修饰的辣根过氧化物酶用量对化学发光信号的影响。优化条件下,在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内,化学发光信号与可卡因浓度的对数呈线性相关(r2=0.989 7),检出限为3.2×10-9mol/L。考察了共存物质中适体对可卡因的特异性识别能力,方法显示了较好的选择性。     

基于阳离子荧光共轭聚合物和核酸适体探针的蛋白质检测新方法

以核酸适体为识别分子, 阳离子荧光共轭聚合物为报告分子, 建立了一种蛋白质检测新方法. 修饰有荧光熄灭基团的核酸适体探针通过静电作用与阳离子荧光共轭聚合物结合, 导致后者荧光熄灭. 当加入靶蛋白后, 核酸适体探针与其特异性结合, 荧光熄灭基团与阳离子荧光共轭聚合物远离, 聚合物荧光信号得以恢复. 实验结果表明, 荧光恢复程度与靶蛋白的浓度正相关. 采用该方法检测凝血酶的线性范围为17～40 nmol/L.     

基于适体生物传感器的碱性磷酸酯酶化学发光检测腺苷

制备了一种可用于腺苷检测的适体生物传感器,以羧基磁性微球为载体,在其表面组装腺苷适体与地高辛修饰之腺苷适体互补的核酸短链,先加入一定浓度的腺苷,再连接抗地高辛的碱性磷酸酯酶,用化学发光法检测发光值,根据腺苷加入前后化学发光强度的变化来定量检测腺苷。实验考察了羧基磁性微球用量、氨基修饰的腺苷适体用量、地高辛修饰的核酸短链用量及抗地高辛的碱性磷酸酯酶用量对体系组装和腺苷识别的影响。结果显示,优化条件下,在1.0×10~(-7)~1.0×10~(-3)mol/L范围内,腺苷浓度的对数与发光信号呈线性关系(r~2=0.976 9),定量下限为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L。与其他核苷相比,腺苷的选择特异性更好,且在稀释血清中适体对腺苷有很好的特异性识别能力。     

无标记型核酸适体荧光传感器检测氯霉素的含量

建立了DNA核酸适体检测氯霉素的荧光分析新方法。将前人筛选得到的80bp的氯霉素DNA核酸适体截短至40bp,实验发现截短并不影响核酸适体与氯霉素的结合能力。40bp的DNA核酸适体与另一条互补DNA链形成双链DNA,SYBR Green I荧光染料能插入双链并有强荧光发射,加入氯霉素后,氯霉素能和DNA核酸适体形成稳定的复合物,诱导DNA双链打开,SYBR Green I释放,荧光降低。实验结果显示:在10~200μmol/L范围内,荧光降低百分数和氯霉素之间有良好线性关系,检测限为6μmol/L。     

基于荧光标记核酸探针及核酸染料SYBR GreenⅠ定量检测单链DNA

建立了同步双色荧光定量检测单链DNA的方法。利用氧化石墨烯将荧光标记核酸探针的荧光猝灭,而当其与待测液中的目标DNA发生杂交反应,生成的双链DNA脱离氧化石墨烯而使得染料荧光得以恢复,同时生成的双链DNA与核酸染料SYBR GreenⅠ结合,使荧光增强。在优化条件下,目标DNA浓度在1×10"10～2×10"9mol/L范围内时,两种荧光染料的荧光强度之和与目标DNA的浓度之间具有良好的线性关系,拟合的回归方程为y=63.388x+9.3862,R2=0.9954,检出限为85 pmol/L。本方法灵敏度高、准确性及选择性好。     

非标记夹心式电化学可卡因适体传感器的研究

设计一种基于双链核酸适体的非标记夹心式电化学适体传感器, 建立简单、高灵敏度的可卡因分析方法. 首先将末端巯基修饰的捕获适体探针组装在金电极表面, 构建可卡因适体传感器. 该传感器与目标分子可卡因和部分互补的检测适体探针作用后, 在电极表面形成适体/可卡因/适体复合物. 以六氨合钌为信号分子, 基于单链适体和适体/可卡因/适体复合物对六氨合钌吸附量的不同, 通过计时电量法检测电极表面吸附六氨合钌的还原电量, 进行可卡因的分析检测. 在优化的条件下, 还原电量与可卡因浓度在1～50 mmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系, 检出限为0.1 mmol/L. 用于血清中可卡因的检测, 回收率为96.4%～104%. 该方法简单, 灵敏度高, 可作为一种通用型的适体传感器模型.     

基于石墨烯化学修饰电极的适体传感器

采用石墨烯(RGO)作载体,凝血酶适体(TBA)作探针,凝血酶为目标蛋白,电化学阻抗谱(EIS)为检测技术,建立了检测蛋白质的新方法。由于RGO可增大电极有效表面积并提高电极表面电子传输速率以及TBA的特异性识别能力,此方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性。采用本方法检测凝血酶的线性范围为0.3～10 fmol/L,检出限为0.26 fmol/L。本研究将RGO应用于电化学适体传感器,证实了RGO修饰电极在电化学适体传感器领域中潜在的应用价值。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.