基于核酸外切酶Ⅲ辅助信号放大的荧光法检测四环素

以核酸适配体作为识别单元、核酸外切酶Ⅲ(EXO Ⅲ)作为信号放大元件以及氧化石墨烯(GO)作为信号开关的荧光传感器来检测四环素(TC)。当体系中没有TC存在时,四环素适配体与其互补链(c DNA)杂交形成双链,EXO Ⅲ不能切割5'端标记有荧光基团的单链信号链(SP),加入GO后,信号链被吸附至GO表面并发生荧光淬灭。当体系中有TC存在时,核酸适配体能够识别并且结合TC,促使c DNA与SP链形成双链,这将诱导EXO Ⅲ从信号链3'端对c DNA-SP双链进行切割,释放出荧光基团,游离的荧光基团不能被GO吸附而淬灭,通过连续的酶促切割,得到更多的游离荧光基团,从而使得荧光信号明显增强。建立的荧光法对TC具有较高选择性,检测限(LOD)为671 pmol/L,方法已用于自来水样品中TC的测定。     

核酸适配体介导的荧光铜纳米簇用于免标记快速检测水胺硫磷

基于核酸适配体的靶标识别能力和铜纳米簇（CuNCs）优良的荧光性能,本研究开发了一种免标记荧光探针用于有机磷农药水胺硫磷（ISO）的快速检测。当靶标分子ISO不存在时,溶液中ISO的核酸适配体和互补DNA形成双链结构,从而介导合成荧光CuNCs,表现出高的荧光信号;当待测样品中存在ISO时,ISO与其核酸适配体形成复合物,释放出单链互补DNA。游离的单链DNA不能介导合成CuNCs,导致溶液中的荧光信号减弱。在最佳条件下,检测体系的荧光抑制率与ISO浓度的对数在0.05～25 mg/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,检出限为47μg/L (3σ),其它物质对其检测几乎没有干扰。将此探针用于检测水样中的ISO,回收率为80.3%～108.0%。研究结果表明,本方法可用于检测实际样品中的ISO残留。     

基于核酸适体与分子信标的水胺硫磷和丙溴磷检测

根据靶分子与分子信标竞争结合核酸适体的原理,建立了基于核酸适体与分子信标的水胺硫磷和丙溴磷检测方法,优化了检测条件,并对建立的检测方法进行了评价。优化的检测条件为农药与适体ssDNA-35先孵育20min,然后按分子信标与适体ssDNA-351:1的比例加入分子信标MB1,25℃条件下孵育60min。在最佳条件下,抑制率与水胺硫磷在50~250μmol/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,检出限为25.138μmol/L,RSD为2.9%;抑制率与丙溴磷在150~500μmol/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,检出限为79.963μmol/L,RSD为6.3%。用于实际水样中两种农药的检测,加标回收率为77.9%~103.3%。     

基于无标记的核酸适配体荧光生物传感器检测凝血酶

设计了一个简单、通用、基于核酸适配体无标记的高敏感、高专一检测凝血酶的荧光方法。以无标记凝血酶核酸适配体单链DNA为识别元素,Pico Green染料传导互补双链的荧光信号。Pico Green是一种不对称菁,当其单独存在时不产生荧光信号,而当其被吸附到互补的双链DNA上时,可产生很强的荧光信号,但被吸附到单链DNA上时,却无明显的信号改变。基于该性质,将其用于凝血酶的检测。该方法对凝血酶的响应线性范围为1.0×10~(-14)~1.0×10~(-7)mol/L,相关系数(r~2)为0.99,检出限为1.0×10~(-14)mol/L。1.0×10~(-8)mol/L两种干扰物质(牛血清蛋白和细胞色素C)的存在不影响凝血酶的检测,表明该方法对凝血酶具有非常好的专一性。该方法成功应用于对人血清样品的检测,其平均回收率为97%~102%。方法可简单、灵敏、特异性地检测凝血酶,有望用于医学临床诊断等领域。     

核酸适配体识别-荧光法检测赭曲霉素A

建立了核酸适配体识别-荧光探针技术检测赭曲霉素A(OTA)的新方法.基于微孔板上固定的核酸适配子与目标物质OTA结合时构象发生变化,导致预先与其互补杂交的FAM标记短链DNA解离,引起荧光信号发生变化,据此可实现对OTA的定量检测.当微孔板包被亲和素浓度为25 mg/L、适配子浓度为50 nmol/L,FAM标记互补短...     

基于核酸适配体-质粒DNA复合物信号放大的荧光免疫传感技术

提出了一种简便、高灵敏的荧光免疫传感新技术,通过抗体/抗原/核酸适配体-质粒DNA复合物的特异性识别与双链质粒DNA与荧光染料SYBR Green Ⅰ的嵌合作用, 实现对血小板衍生增长因子BB(PDGF-BB)的检测.生物识别反应在微孔板中进行,PDGF-BB抗原与微孔板底部预包被的PDGF-BB抗体免疫反应后,加入核酸适配体-质粒DNA复合物与抗原形成夹心复合物.加入DNA双链嵌合染料SYBR Green Ⅰ与夹心复合物的双链DNA部分结合可产生强荧光,其荧光强度可用于定量测定PDGF-BB浓度.实验考察了离子浓度、核酸适配体的延伸引物片段与质粒PUC19的反应比例、染料SYBR Green Ⅰ浓度等分析条件对荧光信号的影响.在优化反应条件下,PDGF-BB检测的线性范围为0.2～200 μg/L,检出限为0.1 μg/L,并且实现了对人血清中PDGF-BB的定量检测.     

基于结构转换适配体荧光法检测赭曲霉素A

利用荧光素标记的可识别赭曲霉素A的核酸适配体,以及荧光猝灭基团标记的互补核酸建立了一种检测赭曲霉素A的荧光分析法。标记有荧光素的核酸适配体(FDNA)未与赭曲霉素A结合时,可与标记有猝灭基团BHQ(Black Hole Quencher)的互补寡聚核苷酸链(QDNA)杂交,使荧光基团与猝灭基团靠近,导致荧光猝灭;而当加入赭曲霉素A之后,FDNA与赭曲霉素A高亲和力高特异性结合,FDNA将不会与QDNA杂交,FDNA的荧光信号得到保持。根据FDNA与目标物结合前后荧光强度的变化,可实现对赭曲霉素A的定量检测。当FDNA浓度为36nmol/L,QDNA浓度为126nmol/L,结合缓冲溶液为10 mmol/L Tris-HCl(含120 mmol/L NaCl、20mmol/L CaCl2、0.02%Tween 20,pH=8.5),室温下反应15min后,可以获得最佳检测效果。对赭曲霉素A的线性检测范围是10～100nmol/L,检出限为10nmol/L,相对标准偏差为5.8%。该方法操作简单,选择性好。     

基于核酸适配体的荧光法检测中药中赭曲霉素A

赭曲霉素A(OTA)是污染中药材的重要真菌毒素,严重影响中药材质量和用药安全.在小檗碱溶液中加入OTA和其核酸适配体后,处于随意卷曲状态的核酸适配体会被OTA诱导折叠成为G-四链体构象,使小檗碱的微环境发生改变,从而增强其荧光信号.基于此,本文以OTA核酸适配体为识别原件,小檗碱为荧光探针发展了一种无标记的荧光体系检测OTA.对主要影响因素,包括K+,Mg2,小檗碱和核酸适配体浓度进行了优化.在最佳实验条件下,小檗碱荧光信号变化值与OTA浓度在5～200 nmol/L范围内成正比,检出限5 nmol/L.该方法仅使用无标记的核酸适配体完成了OTA的检测,避免了对核酸适配体的繁琐设计和标记.方法 有较高的特异性,并成功应用于中药桔梗中OTA的检测,回收率在86.3％～105.6％之间.     

基于计时库仑技术的可再生型三磷酸腺苷适配体电化学传感器的研究

构建了一种可再生型三磷酸腺苷(ATP)适配体计时库仑电化学传感器.将一条短链DNA通过AuS键自组装固定在电极表面, ATP的核酸适配体与该短链DNA杂交而结合在电极表面.带负电的DNA通过静电吸引结合电解液中的六氨合钌(RuHex)阳离子.当传感器和靶分子ATP孵育后,ATP与核酸适配体结合,使适配体链从电极表面解离,电极表面吸附的DNA量减少,结合RuHex的量随之降低.通过计时库仑技术检测RuHex响应信号降低的量 ,可以对ATP进行定量测定.此传感器的电化学响应信号与ATP浓度对数值呈线性关系,线性检测范围为0.001~100 μmol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为0.5 nmol/L.此传感器检测靶分子ATP后,可以通过简单的操作步骤再生,再生5次后的响应信号为初始信号的90%以上.采用此传感器检测大鼠脑透析液中ATP的含量为(19.2±3.7) nmol/L (n=3).     

基于核酸外切酶Ⅰ的适配体荧光传感器检测人尿液中的Hg2+

基于富含胸腺嘧啶(T)DNA适配体对Hg2+的特异性识别和核酸外切酶I(Exo Ⅰ)辅助的信号转换策略,建立了快速检测人尿液中Hg2+的荧光分析方法.固定在微孔板上的DNA适配体特异识别Hg2+后,折叠成稳定的发卡型双链结构,不能被单链特异性的Exo Ⅰ水解,核酸染料SYBR GreenⅠ(SG)插入发卡部位产生荧光信号,基于此可实现Hg2+的定量检测.优化后的最佳实验条件为:微孔板包被亲和素浓度为50 mg/L;检测DNA包被浓度为75 nmol/L;使用5×SG以及1.2 μL的Exo Ⅰ.在最佳实验条件下,体系荧光强度与Hg2+浓度的对数呈良好线性关系,线性范围为2～500 nmol/L,检出限为1.5 nmoL/L(3σ).利用本方法检测尿样中的Hg2+,加标回收率为91.2％ ～ 95.0％,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.1％ ～4.6％.本方法选择性良好,操作简单,用HNO3-KMnO4溶液将尿液中其它形式的汞氧化为Hg2+后,成功实现了尿液中总汞含量的检测.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.