基于铁氰化镍的非标记型核酸适配体电化学传感器检测凝血酶

在玻碳电极（GCE）表面首先用增敏作用的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)夹心于两层电沉积的铁氰化镍（NiHCF）氧化还原电化学探针之间,然后以金纳米粒子为固定核酸适配体的载体,构建了检测凝血酶的非标记型核酸适配体生物传感器。 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MWCNTs和NiHCF的形貌进行了表征。 利用电化学阻抗谱对传感器的组装过程进行了监测,用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对传感器的电化学行为进行了研究。 以铁氰化镍为探针的传感器对凝血酶的检测在1.0 ng/L~1.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998,检测限为0.2 ng/L(S/N=3)。     

以甲苯胺蓝为电化学探针的核酸适配体传感器用于腺苷的检测

通过金硫键将腺苷适配体互补链(S1)和末端带羧基的DNA链(S2)修饰在金纳米粒子(GNPs)表面,以及甲苯胺蓝(TB)与S2的酰胺反应将TB标记在金纳米粒子表面形成甲苯胺蓝标记的DNA探针分子TB-S2-GNPs-S1,然后在玻碳电极表面电沉积一层金纳米粒子,以其为载体将末端带有巯基的腺苷适配体(Apt)固定在电极表面,以牛血清蛋白为封闭剂消除非特异性吸附,再通过TB-S2-GNPs-S1中的S1与Apt杂交将TB-S2-GNPs-S1负载到电极表面,成功建立了一种以甲苯胺蓝为电化学探针检测腺苷的适配体生物传感器。采用紫外可见光谱和扫描电镜对合成的金纳米粒子和TB-S2-GNPs-S1复合物进行表征。对电极的组装过程采用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法(EIS)进行表征,对传感器的性能采用差分脉冲法(DPV)和电化学阻抗进行研究。该传感器在1.0×10-4~100.0 ng/m L范围内对腺苷具有良好的信号响应,相关系数(r)为0.994,检出限(S/N=3)为64.7 fg/m L。     

MoS_2中空纳米球的制备及在超灵敏microRNA电化学生物传感器中的应用

采用模板法制备了二硫化钼中空球纳米材料,利用扫描电子电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和Raman光谱仪对材料的形貌和结构进行表征.将适配体固定在金纳米粒子和二硫化钼共同修饰的电极上构建了一种新型的微小核糖核酸(microRNA)电化学生物传感器,采用循环伏安、微分脉冲伏安和电化学阻抗等技术对构筑的传感器进行表征.结果表明,microRNA浓度在1.0×10~(-10)~1.0×10~(-16)mol/L范围内峰电流(I)与microRNA浓度的负对数(-lgc)呈良好的线性,目标miRNA的检出限为0.55×10~(-16)mol/L.构建出的传感器具备选择性好、灵敏度高、稳定性强等特性,具有广阔的应用前景.     

以聚硫堇为电化学探针的非标记型核酸适配体传感器

采用电聚合法制备了聚硫堇氧化还原电化学探针, 以金纳米粒子为固定核酸适配体的载体构建了非标记型核酸适配体传感器. 用电化学阻抗谱对传感器的组装过程进行了监测, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法考察了传感器的电化学行为. 结果表明, 该传感器对凝血酶的检测在1.0 pg/mL～500 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.998, 检出限为0.38 pg/mL. 该传感器制备简单、 灵敏度高且抗干扰能力强.     

纳米金-Nafion修饰金电极电化学阻抗法测定人端粒DNA

报道了基于纳米金-Nafion修饰金电极检测人端粒DNA的电化学阻抗传感器。将纳米金与Nafion混合超声得到纳米金-Nafion纳米材料,将此纳米材料滴涂于金电极表面获得纳米金-Nafion修饰电极。再将探针人端粒ss DNA滴涂在修饰电极上制备电化学阻抗传感器。利用扫描显微镜对纳米材料的形貌进行了表征。利用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法对传感器进行了表征及目标人端粒DNA的定量测定。在最优化实验条件下,电化学阻抗传感器响应信号(ΔRet)与目标人端粒DNA浓度的对数(lgc)在0.001~1.0 nmol/L范围内呈良好线性关系。检出限为3.0 pmol/L。对0.5 nmol/L的目标人端粒DNA 7次平行测定,相对标准偏差RSD为3.5%。     

高灵敏赭曲霉毒素A电化学适配体传感器的构建

利用CdS QDs/SiO_2纳米粒子作为电子媒介体制备了一种高灵敏度的赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)电化学适配体传感器.实验过程中,首先合成了CdS QDs/SiO_2纳米粒子,之后采用透射电子显微镜、紫外吸收光谱方法等对制备的纳米材料进行了表征.该复合材料在保持了SiO_2纳米粒子良好的生物相容性和均一性的同时增加了CdS QDs的负载量,从而有利于传感器的信号放大.在组装过程中,先将捕获探针(cDNA)固定在金电极表面,适配体与捕获探针杂交形成双链,此时没有电化学信号;当OTA存在时,适配体会与OTA结合而从电极表面脱离,再将标记有CdS QDs/SiO_2纳米复合材料的信号探针(sDNA)与电极上自由的cDNA杂交,产生电化学信号.最优条件下,传感器电化学信号强度增加值与OTA浓度在0.5 pg/m L~10.0 ng/m L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限低至0.091 pg/m L.     

基于Ru(bpy)2+3/AuNPs/SWCNTs/腺苷适配体电化学发光生物传感器用于腺苷的检测

利用AuNPs/Nafion复合膜技术固定Ru(bpy)2+3,采用羧基化碳纳米管固定氨基化腺苷适配体,制备腺甘电化学发光生物传感器.采用循环伏安法和电化学发光法对传感器进行表征.结果表明,此传感器具有良好的稳定性和重现性.腺苷与传感器作用后,腺苷与其适配体形成G四面体结构,Ru(bpy)2+3的电化学发光强度降低.在最佳实验条件下,电化学发光强度降低量与腺苷浓度的负对数在1.0×10-11~1.0×10-7 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为ΔIECL=-890lgC-5050,检出限(S/N=3)为5.0 × 10-12 mol/L.对1.0 × 10-10 mol/L腺苷平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为2.7%.用于尿液中腺苷的测定,加标回收率在 97.1%~110.0%之间.     

石墨烯修饰电化学适配体传感器测定双酚A

构建了一种检测双酚A(BPA)的电化学适配体传感器。利用在线电化学方法将氧化石墨烯还原为石墨烯,通过石墨烯与单链DNA之间的相互作用,将BPA适配体单链DNA吸附固定在修饰电极上,制备了BPA电化学适配体传感器。以铁氰化钾-亚铁氰化钾平衡电对为电化学探针,利用电化学循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法对BPA传感器的性能进行了研究。结果表明,在最优化实验条件下,传感器对BPA的检测线性范围在1.0×10~(-15)~1.0×10~(-10)mol/L之间,检出限为3.3×10~(-16)mol/L(S/N=3)。     

基于铁氰化铜的非标记型核酸适配体传感器的构建及其对腺苷的检测

采用电化学沉积法在金电极表面制备了铁氰化铜(CuHCF)氧化还原电化学探针,通过CN~-(CuHCF)和金纳米粒子(GNPs)之间形成Au-CN键的强相互作用力,将GNPs组装到电极表面后,再通过Au-S键将巯基化的腺苷适配体组装到电极表面,构建了高灵敏检测腺苷的非标记型核酸适配体传感器。利用电化学阻抗对传感器的组装构建过程进行监测。用循环伏安法和差分脉冲法考察了该传感器的电化学行为,并探讨了支持电解质和扫速对传感器的影响。在最优实验条件下,该传感器对腺苷在100 fg/mL~50.0 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性响应,相关系数为0.998,检出限为45.0 fg/mL。     

非标记型双底物检测核酸适配体传感器研究

采用电沉积法制备了铁氰化镍(NiHCF)氧化还原电化学探针, 以金纳米粒子(GNPs)为固定核酸适配体的载体构建了非标记型测定凝血酶(TB)和腺苷(AD)的核酸适配体传感器. 采用循环伏安法(CV)和SEM对NiHCF膜进行了表征; 利用电化学阻抗(EIS)对传感器的组装过程进行了监测; 用CV和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对该传感器的电化学行为进行了研究. 该传感器对凝血酶的检测在1.0 fg·mL^-1～1.0 μg·mL^-1范围内成良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.997, 检测限为0.27 fg·mL^-1; 对腺苷的检测在1.0 fg·mL^-1～1.0 ng·mL^-1范围内成良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.997, 检测限为0.36 fg/mL. 该传感器制备简单, 灵敏度高, 抗干扰能力强.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).