1993年7月12日日本北海道地震次声波

1993年7月12日北京时间21点21分19秒在北京中关村次声接收阵上及时地发现并完整地记录了日本北海道地震所产生的当地次声波(包括地震纵波、横波、表面波所辐射的声波)和震中次声波。其中当地次声波分别有:周期为12s,振幅为0.8 Pa,持续3.4min;及周期为12s,振幅为0.4 Pa,持续1min和周期为30s,振幅为1.3 Pa,持续12min;震中次声波周期为137s,振幅为6.9 Pa,持续28min。它们叠加在周期为12min、幅度为10 Pa的大气异常现象的波列上。     

1998年11月17日狮子座流星雨的次声观测

采用三台ＣＳＨ－１型次声接收器,在北京昌平区布置了一个次声测量三点阵,并观测到１９９８年１１月１７日狮子座流星雨产生的次声波Ｐ－ｔ曲线和波速波向图,借助快速富立叶变换,分析Ｐ－ｔ曲线的波形得到次声的三维动态谱,频谱分析结果表明,（１）各流星产生的次声波大都很短暂,持续时间在１－５分钟内;（２）流星次声波的周期都在４０－４０８秒内,少数在１－４８０秒内;（３）在１１月１７日１９：２１－２０：４１期间     

强地震的前兆次声波研究

利用在北京昌平安装的次声三点阵,对强地震前兆次声波进行了5年的连续观测。统计分析结果表明:强震前约10天内常能测到振幅很强的前兆次声。其三维动态频谱的特点是,振幅由弱逐渐加强,达到极值后变弱;先为长周期波(10-20分),紧跟着短周期波(5-10分),然后又出现更长的周期波,最后长短周期波一起出现。提前时间与三点阵到震中距离之间没有明显的关系,与震级之间也没有明显的关系。     

汤加火山喷发所产生的次声波

2022年1月15日汤加火山发生了剧烈的喷发。在火山喷发后的8 h 39 min,距离火山喷发位置10151 km的昆明次声台阵记录到很强的次声波信号。次声波波列前几个周期平均为443 s,传播速度约为321 m/s,其波形幅度与频率随时间变化与核爆炸产生的次声波形相似。采用相关检测方法估计次声信号的方位角为119°。在持续监测中,还观测到了火山喷发产生的次声信号沿反方向绕地球到达的信号和沿正方向绕地球一周后再次到达的信号。     

雷雨次声波的三维动态频谱测量研究

采用三台电容式次声接收器，在北京昌平安装次声三点阵，并测量到2000年7-8月15次强雷阵雨的次声波P-t曲线及其三维动态频谱，频谱分析结果表明：（1）雷阵雨的次声波主要来自雷次声。（2）雷次声的频谱有三大特点：其一是听到雷声越响时，雷次声振幅越强；其二是特强振幅持续时间很长；其三是周期范围时而连续、时布分布在周期较长和较短端，形成谱图上一个个空洞。据此可区别与其它次声波。（3）初步探讨了雷次声的产生机理和传播特点。     

Subjective loudness and annoyance of filtered N-wave sonic booms.

The contribution of the "infrasonic" low-frequency content of sonic boom N waves to subjective loudness and annoyance has been investigated. An extended low-frequency response loudspeaker-driven simulation booth was employed, with computer-generated input test signals. For test N waves of 1 ms rise time and 150 ms duration, frequencies below 25 and 50 Hz, respectively, were cut off by digital filters simulating simple RC circuits. The filtered signal amplitude was adjusted versus the amplitude (48 Pa) of a reference unfiltered N wave (effective low-frequency cutoff approximately 0.1 Hz) until the two sounded equally loud (first experiment) or equally annoying (second experiment). The amplitude differences for equality were very slight: less than 0.6 dB at most. Surprisingly, while loss of the low frequencies slightly decreased the loudness, it slightly increased the annoyance.     

Responses of the Ionosphere to the Great Sumatra Earthquake and Volcanic Eruption of Pinatubo

A sudden ionospheric disturbance was detected by the Doppler shift sounding equipment at Beijing, about 25 min later after the outbreak of the Sumatra earthquake on 26 December 2004. This ionospheric disturbance appeared less than lOmin after the earthquake was first recorded at Beijing seismological station by the arrival of the seismic Rayleigh wave. The analysis shows that about 18rain is the time necessary for the seismic Rayleigh wave to propagate from the epicentre to Beijing and then about 5-10min for acoustic waves to propagate from the surface of the Beijing area to the altitude of the ionosphere. Also, a report was made as another example to show the ionospheric response of Doppler shift observation at Beijing area during the Mount Pinatubo eruption of 1991. These two examples show clear evidence of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling. The former case is in the frequency domain of infrasonic waves of the Earth surface oscillation due to the Rayleigh waves caused by the earthquake, while the latter is in the acoustic-gravity wave category directly excited in the atmosphere by the mass and energy eruptions of Mount Pinatubo.     

大气中一种低频次声波观测研究

分析大气中存在的一种低频次声波。利用宽频带次声测量传感器阵列组成的广域分布网络,对此种次声波进行了近5年不间断的检测。对所测次声信号的观察统计发现,它与自然事件密切相关。对这种信号波形、频谱、时频图及相关性进行分析进一步发现,该波通常以一组或间歇性多组形式出现,频率主要在0.001~0.02 Hz之间、幅度一般可达50~200 Pa。在2008年3月20日新疆于田地震、2008年5月12日四川汶川地震以及2009年10月29日陕甘川三省交界处的地震前,均检测到了大幅值的低频次声波。本文的分析结论对研究大气次声波的多样性及其与自然现象的关系提供了新的参考,对地震信息探测具有一定的实际意义。     

日环食激发大气声重力波的研究

利用1987年9月23日日环食期间在中国多个测站获得的地面微压波、无线电探空及太阳辐射资料研究了日食激发声重力波的波源机制、波谱特征、地区差异,并与同时进行的电离层探测结果进行了比较。结果表明此次日环食过程中肯定有重力波发生,其周期与太阳直接辐射起伏经历的时间有明显的一致性。不同地方的日食重力波都来自太阳直接辐射变化直接产生的强迫振荡和各地大气层内的浮力振荡。前者的波动周期较长,振幅较大,直接与日食期间太阳辐射的起伏有关;后者的波动周期较短,振幅较小,与各地日食时局地大气层内的稳定度及湿度条件有关。研究中发现由日食引起的太阳直接辐射有两种与重力波激发有关的起伏过程,一种是初亏-复圆阶段的振荡,其周期与各地日食开始时间有关;一种是复圆后的振荡,其周期与各地食分值有关。这两种起伏周期与日食参数的相关系数都在0.99以上。本文在分析日食的太阳辐射和局地大气效应的基础上,提出了相应的声重力波发生的物理机制,并讨论了日食声重力波与同时发生的电离层振荡的关系。针对70年代以来国内外一直未能解决的日食是否激发大气声重力波的问题,本文得到一个简单而重要的结论:早上发生日食的地方有长周期宽频谱的大气声重力波产生,下午发生日食的地方则没有这种波出现。     

Infrasonic waves generated from the volcano eruption in Tonga

The Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano in Tonga erupted violently on January 15, 2022. After 8 hours and 39 minutes, an infrasound array in Kunming at a distance of 10151 km away from the volcano recorded a sequence of strong infrasonic waves. The average period of the first four infrasonic waves is 443 s with propagation speed of 321 m/s. The azimuth angle of this event has been estimated by applying the progressive multi-channel correlation(PMCC) method to process the received signals. During continuous monitoring, the infrasonic waves propagating along and opposite to the direction towards the Kunming array around the earth are recorded respectively.     

Disturbances of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere caused by acoustic-gravity wave sources in the lower atmosphere

The results of observations of acoustic-gravity waves in the troposphere and the ionosphere at middle latitudes during periods of passage of the solar terminator are presented. Tropospheric observations were performed using a lidar. The frequency characteristics of variations of the tropospheric parameters are determined based on observations of the intensity of the scattered lidar signal. The characteristics of variations of the total electron content (TEC) in the atmosphere are determined from data collected by GPS navigation satellites. An analysis of the observational data showed that the spectrum of variations of the atmospheric and ionospheric parameters is indicative of acoustic-gravity waves (AGW) propagating from the lower atmosphere. Modeling studies of the vertical propagation of AGW from the Earth’s surface showed that such waves quickly (within ~15 min) reach altitudes of the upper atmosphere (~300 km). The refraction and dissipation of waves in the upper atmosphere produces perturbations of the background state of the atmosphere and gives rise to the waveguide propagation of infrasonic wave components. The observed manifestations of TEC disturbances caused by AGW propagating from the lower atmosphere can be explained by the diurnal variation of the altitude of the ionosphere and the waveguide propagation of infrasonic waves.     

用于提高信噪比的圆形次声接收阵

地面风产生的扰动噪声影响周期大于10s的次声波的检测。风干扰的背景噪声在阵元之间是不相干的,而对次声信号而言,它是相关的,所以次声阵可以提高信噪比。
本文介绍了圆形次声阵的工作原理;简便的计算公式;设计技术;微气压计阵的校准方法和阵的实验结果。从大量的数据统计计算可知,该阵提高信噪比12dB。     

次声方法测定台风方位的试验

海上台风眼中的驻波或大浪可以辐射出次声波,在几千公里远用灵敏的次声传声器可以接收到它。
我们在我国沿海地区安装了次声观察站。在有关部门的协作下,记录到大量台风产生的次声波。为了试验次声测定台风信号到达方位的方法,1978年夏季在福州建立了探测台风的次声阵。本文简要叙述试验用次声测试系统和测定方位角的方法及结果。     

Observations of Acoustic Gravity Waves during the Solar Eclipse of March 20, 2015 in Kaliningrad

Results of observations of atmospheric and ionospheric parameters during the solar eclipse of March 20, 2015 have been described. The observations have been conducted by lidar sensing in the lower atmosphere and analysis of the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere in Kaliningrad. Observations at the troposphere altitudes have been conducted using an atmospheric lidar. Ionospheric parameter TEC has been determined according to observations of navigation satellite signals. The spectral analysis of the monitored parameters during the solar eclipse has shown that, in the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere in a period range of 2–20 min, internal gravity waves (IGWs) and infrasonic waves are excited. During the main phase of the eclipse, the major contribution to variations in the parameters of the medium comes from infrasonic vibrations. Changes in the variations in the atmospheric and ionospheric parameters with IGW periods are observed only in the initial and final phases of the eclipse.     

用希尔伯特变换分析次声信号的动态谱

以往习惯上用快速傅里叶变换对次声信号进行动态谱分析,但该方法不一定都合适。在本文中提出另一种分析次声信号动态谱的方法,是经数字滤波和希尔伯特变换以后,计算每一通道内信号的包络,而滤波器是按1/12倍频程划分的。在本文中讨论了用希尔伯特变换求信号的包络,及1/12倍频程滤波器,然而用二种方法分析一个合成的核爆炸次声信号,对它们计算的结果进行比较。用希尔伯特变换求出的动态谱,不仅有较高的分辨率,可以获得各简正波的主要频率范围,还可以初步获得几个低阶简正波的波形。本方法表明在某些情形中更能反映次声信号的特性。     

均匀长管阵的特性及其在次声接收中的应用

本文讨论了均匀长管阵的频率响应和方向性特性,长管阵端点的声阻抗及次声接收器声阻抗对长管阵频响的影响。并设计了一个风噪声的模型,计算长管阵对信噪比的改善,并把它与实验结果进行比较。     

一次人工爆破在远距离产生次声波的测量

本文叙述一次使用万吨炸药的大爆破在远距离产生次声波的测试方法和结果。文中给出了距离爆炸点近三百公里处接收到次声信号的波列图、平均声压、群速度和信号主要部份的平均频谱。     

Weak guided wave signal detection using period jump of Duffing system

A potential risk in ultrasonic guided wave testing is that weak echo signals from small defects may be submerged in noisy signals, which will cause missed detection. To overcome this shortcoming, a weak guided wave signal detection method based on period jump of the Duffing system is proposed in this paper. The critical state of the system period jump can be obtained by analyzing the bifurcation characteristics of the Duffing system with the variation of the driving force amplitude. A weak ultrasonic guided wave signal with the same frequency as the driving force is added to the driving force. This is equivalent to changing the driving force amplitude, which causes the period state to jump. Consequently, the weak guided wave signals can be identified based on the period jumps. The increase or decrease in the driving force amplitude due to the interference of the guided wave signal depends on the phase difference between the intercepted signal and the periodic driving force. The conditions for increasing and decreasing the driving force amplitude are out of phase with each other.They have an approximate phase difference of π within the same period. Two detection models for small-scale periodic states(SPS) and large-scale periodic states(LPS) are constructed, and the effectiveness of the models in identifying the guided wave signal is verified numerically and experimentally. The anti-noise interference capabilities of the two models are also compared.The results show that the SPS detection model provides unique results and a strong anti-noise ability, and effectively improves the sensitivity of small defect detection using ultrasonic guided waves.     

Collective bubble oscillations as a component of surf infrasound

Plunging surf is a known generator of infrasound, though the mechanisms have not been clearly identified. A model based on collective bubble oscillations created by demise of the initially entrained air pocket is examined. Computed spectra are compared to infrasound data from the island of Kauai during periods of medium, large, and extreme surf. Model results suggest that bubble oscillations generated by plunging waves are plausible generators of infrasound, and that dynamic bubble plume evolution on a temporal scale comparable to the breaking wave period may contribute to the broad spectral lobe of dominant infrasonic energy observed in measured data. Application of an inverse model has potential to characterize breaking wave size distributions, energy, and temporal changes in seafloor morphology based on remotely sensed infrasound.     

Large variations in NLS bi-soliton wave groups

The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation describes the spatial–temporal evolution of the complex amplitude of wave groups in beams and pulses in both second and third order nonlinear material. In this paper we investigate in detail the wave group that has the exact two-soliton solution as amplitude, and show that large variations in the amplitude appear to form a pattern that, at the peak interaction, resembles quite well the linear superposition. The complexity of the phenomenon is a combination of nonlinear effects and linear interference of the carrier waves: the characteristic parameter is the quotient of wave amplitude and frequency difference of the carrier waves, which is also proportional to the quotient of the modulation period of the carrier waves during interaction and the interaction period of the soliton envelopes.