Measuring of fissile isotope partial antineutrino spectra in direct experiment at nuclear reactor

The direct measuring method is considered to get nuclear reactor antineutrino spectrum. We suppose to isolate partial spectra of the fissile isotopes by using the method of antineutrino spectrum extraction from the inverse beta-decay reaction positron spectrum applied at Rovno experiment. This admits to increase the accuracy of partial antineutrino spectra forming the total nuclear reactor spectrum. It is important for the analysis of the reactor core fuel composition and could be applied for non-proliferation purposes.     

Phase separation of a fast rotating boson-fermion mixture in the lowest-Landau-level regime

By minimizing the coupled mean-field energy functionals, we investigate the ground-state properties of a rotating atomic boson-fermion mixture in a two-dimensional parabolic trap. At high angular frequencies in the mean-field lowest-Landau-level regime, quantized vortices enter the bosonic condensate, and a finite number of degenerate fermions form the maximum-density-droplet state. As the boson-fermion coupling constant increases, the maximum density droplet develops into a lower-density state associated with the phase separation, revealing characteristics of a Landau-level structure.     

Resolution of the characteristics of particles emitted in the two stages of nuclear fission into partial characteristics

If the angular distribution of particles emitted by the residual nucleus is assumed isotropic in the c. m. system of this nucleus, the experimental characteristics of secondary particles can be resolved into partial characteristics corresponding to the two stages of the fission of a high-energy particle. Universal corrections for the experimental geometry are tabulated for the case in which the fission is detected by means of photographic emulsions.Translated from Izvestiya VUZ. Fizika, No. 8, pp. 95–99, August, 1970.     

均匀等离子体光栅的色散特性研究

最近研究表明,两束交叉激光脉冲在等离子体中传播时,可以诱导生成周期等离子体密度调制(或称等离子体布拉格光栅). 分别利用传输矩阵法和耦合模理论,推导了激光斜入射时等离子体光栅的色散关系. 两种方法均表明,均匀等离子体光栅存在着光子带隙结构,并且在带隙附近有强烈的色散. 当激光斜入射时,带隙结构会呈现不同的偏振特性：S偏振光的带隙宽度随着入射角的增大而逐渐变宽,而P偏振光的带隙宽度随着入射角的增大先迅速变窄,在布儒斯特角入射时带隙消失,然后又随着入射角的增大而迅速变宽. 超宽的光子带隙和超高的激光损伤阈值,使得等离子体光栅有望成为一种新型的操纵强激光脉冲的光子器件. 关键词： 等离子体光栅 传输矩阵法 耦合模理论 光子带隙     

快堆中子学计算程序NECP-SARAX的改进与验证

NECP-SARAX是西安交通大学NECP团队开发的用于快中子反应堆的中子学程序系统。为准确处理快中子反应堆中中等质量核素散射共振以及非弹性散射导致的复杂的中子慢化效应,SARAX程序最初采用连续能量的蒙特卡罗方法计算中子能谱从而获得堆芯计算使用的有效多群截面。由于蒙特卡罗程序计算效率低,且在低能量段统计偏差较大,提出采用基于点截面的超细群方法计算中子慢化能谱,避免了蒙特卡罗方法产生参数时存在的缺陷。堆芯计算采用多群中子输运,通过优化简化几何建模,改进了程序的实用性。采用多种微扰方法计算堆芯各种反应性系数,提出了基于中子输运微扰理论的虚拟密度方法以计算堆内组件变形导致的反应性变化。在进行堆芯瞬态计算时,采用了点堆和改进准静态两种方法,可用于一般快堆和快谱ADS的典型事故分析。OECD发布的一系列快堆基准题测试表明,SARAX程序在快堆计算中具有良好的精度,达到了与国外著名快堆程序相当的水平。有效增殖因子与连续能量的蒙卡计算结果相比偏差在300 pcm以内。同时,由于引入了虚拟密度理论和三维时空动力学模型,程序功能更加完善,可以更好地满足快堆工程设计的需求。     

快堆中子学计算程序NECP-SARAX的改进与验证

NECP-SARAX是西安交通大学NECP团队开发的用于快中子反应堆的中子学程序系统。为准确处理快中子反应堆中中等质量核素散射共振以及非弹性散射导致的复杂的中子慢化效应,SARAX程序最初采用连续能量的蒙特卡罗方法计算中子能谱从而获得堆芯计算使用的有效多群截面。由于蒙特卡罗程序计算效率低,且在低能量段统计偏差较大,提出采用基于点截面的超细群方法计算中子慢化能谱,避免了蒙特卡罗方法产生参数时存在的缺陷。堆芯计算采用多群中子输运,通过优化简化几何建模,改进了程序的实用性。采用多种微扰方法计算堆芯各种反应性系数,提出了基于中子输运微扰理论的虚拟密度方法以计算堆内组件变形导致的反应性变化。在进行堆芯瞬态计算时,采用了点堆和改进准静态两种方法,可用于一般快堆和快谱ADS的典型事故分析。OECD发布的一系列快堆基准题测试表明,SARAX程序在快堆计算中具有良好的精度,达到了与国外著名快堆程序相当的水平。有效增殖因子与连续能量的蒙卡计算结果相比偏差在300 pcm以内。同时,由于引入了虚拟密度理论和三维时空动力学模型,程序功能更加完善,可以更好地满足快堆工程设计的需求。     

Neutral current and the nuclear scattering of reactor antineutrinos

Expressions are derived for evaluating the integrated inelastic cross section, $\text{}\text{?}\text{gs}{}_{\mathrm{v}}$, for the nuclear scattering of reactor antineutrinos in terms of experimentally determined B(Ml) values and Gamow-Teller matrix elements. These expressions are used to compute $\text{}\text{?}\text{gs}{}_{\mathrm{v}}$ for many nuclear transitions.     

Optimization of a sonochemical reactor using a pulsing operation

It is known that sonochemical reactions are enhanced by pulsing ultrasound. A method to optimize a sonochemical reactor using a pulsing operation was studied through the measurement of changes in sonoluminescence (SL) intensity from distilled water under various experimental conditions. It was confirmed that pulsing with a constant input power level enhanced SL intensity at lower power levels because of the higher amplitude of ultrasound. In contrast to this, a quenching effect due to excessive sound pressure appeared at higher power levels, and the pulsing operation was not effective under these conditions. Pulsing is more effective at higher frequency than at lower frequency.     

Energy balance simulation of RF heated tokamak plasma in a hybrid reactor regime

The state, close to the stationary one, for RF heated tokamak with hybrid reactor-like parameters is discussed. The plasma is heated by the absorption of lower hybrid waves; for the absorption mechanism, a simple model is used. The dependences of the near-stationary state characteristics on density, temperature and thermal conductivity are discussed and the required amount of RF power is established, together with the amount of the driven current.The evidence of the necessity of the stabilization of the temperature via feed-back system is found; the global power balance for the thermal stability of the system is insufficient. More over, it seems, that the study of the realistic stationary state for RF driven reactors demands to consider only such models for energy balance discussions which are always completed with the explicit heating mechanism.As a final result — concerning hybrid reactor studies — the scaling for neutron fluxes is presented.The authors are indebted to Dr. R. Klíma for stimulating discussions.     

Speckle characteristics of a broad-area VCSEL in the incoherent emission regime

We present a technique to reduce the speckle contrast of a NIR broad-area VCSEL based on the spatially incoherent emission regime that can be obtained when using the proper driving conditions. We evaluate the efficiency of this technique to reduce the speckle contrast by comparing it with the speckle characteristics in multimode emission under cw operation. Depending on the illumination setup, the incoherent emission regime can lead to a strongly reduced speckle contrast down to 1.3%. This is in agreement with estimates of the expected speckle contrast reduction when three contrast reducing effects are taken into account. These low contrast values make the investigated sources attractive for several applications that suffer from speckle noise.     

Optimum ions for a nuclear reactor with neutron illumination

The main advantage of fission reactors with neutron illumination is that, owing to the neutron illumination, they operate in the subcritical mode and, hence, are safe. Neutrons required for the illumination are generated during nuclear fragmentation in a target irradiated by 1–2 GeV protons. A substantial disadvantage of this method for energy generation is the severe restriction imposed on the power of a plant. This restriction is due to the restriction imposed on the intensity of an accelerated-proton beam by the tolerances for the activation of accelerator structural elements. The substitution of heavier nuclei (from carbon to argon) for protons is shown to substantially increase the intensity of an accelerated-ion beam and to provide a commercially reasonable thermal power of ∼4–6 GW.