碳纳米管/杂多酸/聚吡咯复合催化剂的制备及催化烯烃环氧化性能

以磷钼酸(PMo)、吡咯(Py)和碳纳米管(CNTs)为原料,通过原位聚合方法制备了PPy-PMo@CNTs复合材料.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对材料进行了结构表征.结果表明,磷钼酸和聚吡咯被引入到碳纳米管载体上,且聚吡咯在碳纳米管表面形成了一层薄层.N2吸附-脱附测试结果表明,PPy-PMo@CNTs为介孔材料.将以乙腈为溶剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂的烯烃环氧化反应作为模型反应,考察了催化剂PPy-PMo@CNTs的催化活性.结果表明,在60℃,反应底物为1 mmol,催化剂投量为10 mg的条件下,该催化剂表现出较好的催化活性.中断和循环实验结果表明,催化剂具有较好的稳定性,在相同的反应条件下经过5次循环后,环辛烯的转化率依然保持在约65%.     

过渡金属取代型杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石上环己烯的催化氧化性能

类水滑石及杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石具有可调变的二维孔道结构,活性组分可在较宽的范围内进行调变,从而使其成为有应用前景的氧化催化剂'·'．迄今,以完整结构形态的水滑石为催化剂的催化氧化研究尚未见报道．我们发现［'－'j,含可变价元素的类水滑石和过渡金属取代型杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石具有在较低温度下活化分子氧,从而实现活泼烃类a－H氧化的能力·本文报道了M。AIXW;;ZO。。（M＝Mg'",Zn'";X＝p,St;Z＝Mn2＋,Fe2＋,C。2＋,Ni'",Cll'"）层柱材料上环己烯的催化氧化行为．1实验部分M。AI－XW;;ZO。。系列杂多…     

NaPMoO/Ti-MCM-41催化环己烯环氧化反应

采用浸渍法制备了混合氧化物NaPMoO/Ti-MCM-41(n)(n为载体钛硅比)催化剂,考察其在以H2O2为氧化剂的环己烯环氧化反应中的催化性能,并用XRD、UV-Vis、IR、N2吸附-脱附、XPS及H2-TPR等测试技术对催化剂进行表征.结果表明:NPMO/Ti-MCM-41(0.2)的环己烯转化率、环氧环己烷选择性及H2O2利用率达到最高,分别为27.50%、75.31%和78.31%.这归因于负载型NPMO中的MoO3还原能力得到提高;载体Ti-MCM-41中Ti物种进一步促进MoO3的还原能力,从而有利于其与双氧水形成过氧化物活性中间体,使催化性能和双氧水的利用率得到提高.其中负载后的载体Ti-MCM-41孔结构遭到破坏,形成无定形TiOx物种.     

磷酸镍纳米管的合成及其催化环己烯环氧化反应性能

 在不添加有机模板剂的情况下, 通过尿素缓慢分解调节局部 pH 值, 水热法合成了具有均一孔道直径的磷酸镍纳米管材料 (NiPO-NTs). 采用 N2 吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱和氨程序升温脱附对材料进行了表征, 并将其用于催化 H2O2 氧化的环己烯反应中, 考察了反应条件对环氧化反应性能的影响. 结果表明, NiPO-NTs 具有狭窄的孔径分布, 比表面积为 96.6 m2/g, 其表面酸中心以弱 Lewis 酸为主. 该反应中以乙腈为溶剂较为适宜, 高温和高 H2O2/环己烯摩尔比有利于提高环己烯转化率; 而低温和高 H2O2/环己烯摩尔比有利于提高环氧环己烷选择性. 在 60 oC, H2O2/环己烯摩尔比为 3, 反应 6 h 时, 环己烯转化率可达 50.6%, 环氧环己烷选择性为 72.1%.     

缺位Dawson型K10Na2H2P2W16O60在环己烯氧化中的催化作用

合成了二缺位杂多化合物K10Na2H2P2W16O60·18H2O,用IR、UV-vis、XRD及TG表征了其结构,考察了该化合物在过氧化氢氧化环己烯反应中的催化作用.研究结果表明,溶剂种类和反应温度对二缺位杂多化合物的催化性能有显著的影响,在叔丁醇中主要生成环己烯酮,在丙酮中主要生成环己二醇.在乙腈中主要生成环氧环己烷,其选择性随着反应温度升高和催化剂用量增加而降低,环己烯酮的选择性则逐步升高.催化剂与产物可通过温控固-液相分离,可以重复使用.     

Ti-Beta分子筛的控制合成及高效催化环己烯环氧化

构建了以H₂O₂为氧化剂催化环己烯合成环氧环己烷的高效、 绿色催化反应体系. 在不加入铝源的情况下, 以四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)为模板剂, 通过改进的干胶转化法控制H₂O/SiO₂摩尔比为1.5合成出Ti-Beta分子筛. 实验结果表明, 适宜的酸碱性、 含水量以及模板剂用量显著影响分子筛的结晶度, 同时影响晶粒尺寸和晶粒尺寸的均一性. 通过对Ti-Beta分子筛原粉进行焙烧处理制得Ti-Beta分子筛催化剂, 再通过对反应溶剂、 反应温度和反应时间的筛选和优化, 获得最优催化反应条件, 在该条件下, 环己烯转化率可达33.5%, 环氧环己烷选择性可达99.6%. 实验结果表明该催化剂是一种高效的多相催化剂.     

Synthesis and Structure of Transition-Metal-Containing Tungstomolybdosilic Polyoxometalates and their Catalytic Performance in Oxidation of Cyclohexene with Hydrogen Peroxide

A series of title complexes with the general molecular formula, K₄H₂[SiW₇Mo₄Me(H₂O)O₃₉]·xH₂O (denoted as MeW₇; Me = Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺), were synthesized. IR spectra, electronic spectra, XPS spectra and thermal analyses were systematically recorded. The crystal structure of MnW₇, determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 293?K, belongs to the tetragonal system, space group P4/mnc, Z = 2, a = 1.4105(5) and c = 1.2476(7)?nm. These samples were investigated for the oxidation of cyclohexene with H₂O₂, and showed more activity than their corresponding parent compounds.     

Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of cis‐Alkenylsilanes

A general and highly enantioselective method for the epoxidation of cis‐alkenylsilanes, in which the epoxysilanes were obtained with complete enantioselectivity in the presence of 0.5–2 mol % of a Ti–Salalen complex. The combination of this epoxidation method and the following transformations is a powerful approach that provides synthetically important epoxides, such as styrene oxides and geminally disubstituted epoxides, in enantiopure form.

     

Gallium Oxide Nanorods: Novel,Template‐Free Synthesis and High Catalytic Activity in Epoxidation Reactions

Gallium oxide nanorods with unprecedented small dimensions (20–80 nm length and 3–5 nm width) were prepared using a novel, template‐free synthesis method. This nanomaterial is an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the sustainable epoxidation of alkenes with H₂O₂, rivaling the industrial benchmark microporous titanosilicate TS‐1 with linear alkenes and being much superior with bulkier substrates. A thorough characterization study elucidated the correlation between the physicochemical properties of the gallium oxide nanorods and their catalytic performance, and underlined the importance of the nanorod morphology for generating a material with high specific surface area and a high number of accessible acid sites.     

W-SBA-15介孔分子筛的直接合成及其对环己烯环氧化反应的催化性能

 分别以Na2WO4和H2WO4为钨源,以正硅酸四乙酯为硅源直接合成了W-SBA-15介孔分子筛样品,并用小角XRD,N2吸附,FT-IR,UV-Vis,SEM和XRF等手段对合成的分子筛进行了表征. 结果表明,只用P123(EO20PO70EO20)为模板剂时,分子筛中钨的含量只是投料量的一半; 而以P123和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为混合模板剂时,钨能有效地掺杂到SBA-15分子筛中. 当原料中的Si/W摩尔比为40时,W-SBA-15分子筛中的钨物种以高度分散状态存在,且以H2WO4为钨源比以Na2WO4为钨源更易将钨掺杂到SBA-15介孔分子筛中. W-SBA-15分子筛催化剂对环己烯环氧化反应具有较高的催化活性.     

Effect of Phenyl CI Substituent Position on the Catalytic Performance for Olefin Epoxidation of Tetraphenylmetalloporphyrins

以苯乙烯、环己烯和反式二苯乙烯为烯烃底物,以双氧水、叔丁基过氧化氢和异丙苯过氧化氢为氧化剂,以苯环上对位和邻位氯取代的四苯基金属卟啉为仿生催化剂,对烯烃的催化环氧化反应进行了对比研究.讨论了不同氯取代位的四苯基金属卟啉对烯烃环氧化性能的影响.实验结果表明,在没有助催化剂存在下,邻位氯代的四（2,6-二氯苯基）铁（锰）卟啉对烯烃的环氧化具有优异的催化性能,烯烃底物的转化率和环氧选择性都比对位氯代的四苯基铁（锰）卟啉高,且反应条件温和.其中FeⅢ（TDCPP）Cl的催化性能最好,环氧化选择性最高,催化氧化苯乙烯时,环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到了90.4%.相同金属离子不同配体的金属卟啉传递氧原子的能力为TDCPP〉T（p-Cl）PP〉TPP.氧化剂的结构对环氧化物的选择性有较大影响.过氧键连有吸电子基团的异丙苯过氧化氢对环氧化物的选择性最高.根据实验结果,对金属卟啉催化环氧化机理进行了分析.     

载钛催化剂的气固相法制备及其在环氧化氯丙烯反应中的催化活性

利用TiCl4气固相法,以含硅物质为原料,制备了7种钛硅氧化物类催化剂,并考察了其在H2O2环氧化氯丙烯反应中的催化活性。实验结果表明：只有以HZSM-5为载体制备的催化剂具有催化环氧化活性。酸处理HZSM-5对催化剂活性的影响并不大,分子筛的硅铝比和气固相反应时间是影响其催化活性的重要因素,且催化活性随着硅铝比的降低而降低。气固相反应时间16h时,催化剂的活性最高。     

Titanium cis‐1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane (cis‐DACH) Salalen Catalysts for the Asymmetric Epoxidation of Terminal Non‐Conjugated Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide

Chiral Ti salalen complexes catalyze the asymmetric epoxidation of terminal non‐conjugated olefins with hydrogen peroxide. Modular ligands based on cis‐1,2‐diamino‐cyclohexane (cis‐DACH) were developed, giving high yields and enantiomeric excesses (ee, up to 96 %) at catalyst loadings as low as 0.1–0.5 mol %, and even under solvent‐free conditions.     

UV‐Assisted Removal of Inactive Peroxide Species for Sustained Epoxidation of Cyclooctene on Anatase TiO2

Epoxidation of olefins with H₂O₂ is one of the most important reactions in organic synthesis. We found that anatase TiO₂ can be a good catalyst for the epoxidation of cyclooctene with H₂O₂ at room temperature. However, the catalyst deactivated quickly in the presence of excess amount of H₂O₂ because of the formation of inactive side‐on Ti‐η²‐peroxide species on the surface of TiO₂, the presence of which was confirmed by isotope‐labelled resonance UV Raman spectroscopy and kinetics studies. Interestingly, the epoxidation reaction could be dramatically accelerated under irradiation of UV light with λ≥350 nm. This phenomenon is attributed to the photo‐assisted removal of the inactive peroxide species, through which the active sites on the surface of anatase TiO₂ are regenerated and the catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene with H₂O₂ is resumed. This finding provides an alternative for sustained epoxidation reactions on TiO₂ at room temperature. Moreover, it also has significant implications on the deactivation pathway and possible solutions in Ti‐based heterogeneous catalysis or photocatalysis.     

Development of a General and Efficient Iron‐Catalyzed Epoxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidant

The development of inexpensive and practical iron catalysts for the environmentally benign epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide as terminal oxidant is described. By systematic variation of ligands, metal sources, and reaction conditions, it was discovered that FeCl₃?6H₂O in combination with pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid and different amines shows high reactivity and excellent selectivity towards the epoxidation of aromatic olefins and moderate reactivity towards that of aliphatic olefins.     

Synthesis of Iron Chlorophyllins and Their Catalytic Performance for Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexene

A series of iron(Ⅲ) chlorophyllins was prepared from silkworm excrement crude chlorophyll extract as a raw material. Aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene by using the prepared iron(Ⅲ) chlorophyllins as biomimetic catalysts was studied under atmospheric pressure in the absence of reducing agent and solvent. The results indicate that chlorophyll iron porphyrins have better catalytic performance than the industrial-applied iron tetraphenylporphyrin and cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin, and possess a higher selectivity for 2-cyclohexen-1-one. The smaller the polarity of iron(Ⅲ) chlorophyllin's ligand is, the easier the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene will be. Esterification products of iron(Ⅲ) chlorophyllins can catalyze the oxidation of cyclohexene better than non-esterified iron(Ⅲ) chlorophyllins, and therefore show a higher conversion of cyclohexene and a higher selectivity for 2-cyclohexen-1-one than the non-esterified ones. Among the six synthesized iron(Ⅲ) chlorophyllin catalysts, iron(Ⅲ) methyl-pyropheophorbide-a is the best biomimetic catalyst for the highest conversion of cyclohexene. The influences of catalyst's substituent, polarity and ring structure on the catalytic performance were discussed. The catalytic performance of iron(Ⅲ) chlorophyllins improves with decreasing polarity, increasing conjugated degree of porphyrin's ring or enhancing chlorophyllins' stability. Possible mechanism of cyclohexene aerobic oxidation catalyzed by iron(Ⅲ) chlorophyllins was also discussed.