Reaction of 2,3‐Dichloro‐1,4‐Naphthoquinone with 1‐Phenylbiguanide and 2‐Guanidinebenzimidazole

When 2,3‐dichloro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (DCHNQ) ( 1 ) is allowed to react with 1‐phenylbiguanide (PBG) ( 2 ), 4‐chloro‐2,5‐dihydro‐2,5‐dioxonaphtho[1,2‐d]imidazole‐3‐carboxylic acid phenyl amide ( 4 ), 6‐chloro‐8‐phenylamino‐9H‐7,9,11‐triaza‐cyclohepta[a]naphthalene‐5,10‐dione ( 5 ) and 4‐dimethyl‐amino‐5,10‐dioxo‐2‐phenylimino‐5,10‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[g]quinazoline‐1‐carboxylic acid amide ( 6 ) were obtained. While on reacting 1 with 2‐guanidinebenzimidazole (GBI) ( 3 ) the products are 3‐(1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐chloro‐3H‐naphtho[1,2‐d]imidazole‐2,5‐dione ( 7 ) and 3‐[3‐(1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐ureido]‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalene‐2‐carboxylic acid dimethylamide ( 8 ).     

Synthesis,Structure of Zwitterionic 2‐Amino‐N′‐(imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)benzohydrazides,and Their Transformation into 3‐(Imidazolidin‐2‐ylideneamino)quinazolin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives

The reaction of 2‐chloro‐4,5‐dihydroimidazole ( 5 ) with 2‐aminobenzohydrazides 6a–e led to the formation of 2‐amino‐N′‐(imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)benzohydrazides as zwitterions 7a–e , which on treatment with carbon disulfide in the presence of triethylamine afforded 3‐(imidazolidin‐2‐ylideneamino)‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones 8a–e . Compounds 8a–d were further converted into the corresponding 3‐(imidazolidin‐2‐ylideneamino)quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones 9a–d using hydrogen peroxide–sodium hydroxide solution. The structures of the compounds prepared were established by elemental analyses, IR and NMR spectra as well as X‐ray crystallographic analyses of 7e and 9a .     

Facile Synthesis of N‐(Benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐5‐yl) Methyl)‐4‐(6‐Methoxybenzo [d] Thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐Nitrobenzamides via Click Chemistry

A series of novel N‐((l‐benzyl‐lH‐l,2,3‐triazol‐5‐yl) methyl)‐4‐(6‐methoxy benzo[d ]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐nitrobenzamide derivatives were prepared from 4‐(6‐methoxybenzo[d ]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐nitro‐N‐(prop‐2‐ynyl) benzamide with benzyl azides by using click reaction (copper‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction) in the presence of CuSO₄.5H₂O and sodium ascaorbate. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated further in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtillis ), Gram‐negative bacteria (Echerichia coli and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa ), and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillusfumigatus ) strains. The new compounds were characterized based on spectroscopic evidence. Among them compounds 10a , 10h , and 10i were showed promising activity when compared with standard drugs Ciprofloxacin and Miconazole.     

Synthesiss of novel 3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1,2‐diazepino[3,4‐b]quinoxalines with algicidal activity

The reaction of the quinoxaline N‐oxide 1 with thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde gave 6‐chloro‐2‐[1‐methyl‐2‐(2‐thienylmethylene)hydrazino]quinoxaline 4‐oxide 5 , whose reaction with 2‐chloroacrylonitrile afforded 8‐chloro‐2,3‐dihydro‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1H‐1,2‐diazepino[3,4‐b]quinoxaline‐5‐carbonitrile 6 . The reaction of compound 6 with various alcohols in the presence of a base effected alcoholysis to provide the 5‐alkoxy‐8‐chloro‐2,3,4,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1H‐1,2‐diazepino[3,4‐b]‐quinoxalines 7a‐d . The reaction of compounds 7a and 7b with diethyl azodicarboxylate effected dehydrogenation to give the 5‐alkoxy‐8‐chloro‐4,6‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1H‐1,2‐diazepino[3,4‐b]‐quinoxalines 8a and 8b , respectively. Compounds 8a and 8b were found to show good algicidal activities against Selenastrum capricornutum and Nitzchia closterium.     

A series of substituted (2E)‐3‐(2‐fluoro‐4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones

In the molecular structures of a series of substituted chalcones, namely (2E)‐3‐(2‐fluoro‐4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one, C₂₁H₁₅FO₂, (I), (2E)‐3‐(2‐fluoro‐4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, C₂₁H₁₄F₂O₂, (II), (2E)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐(2‐fluoro‐4‐phenoxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, C₂₁H₁₄ClFO₂, (III), (2E)‐3‐(2‐fluoro‐4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1‐(4‐methylphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, C₂₂H₁₇FO₂, (IV), and (2E)‐3‐(2‐fluoro‐4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, C₂₂H₁₇FO₃, (V), the configuration of the keto group with respect to the olefinic double bond is s‐cis. The molecules pack utilizing weak C—H...O and C—H...π intermolecular contacts. Identical packing motifs involving C—H...O interactions, forming both chains and dimers, along with C—H...π dimers and π–π aromatic interactions are observed in the fluoro, chloro and methyl derivatives.     

Quinolone analogues 2. A facile synthesis of novel 3‐substituted 1‐alkyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydropyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxalines

The reaction of the 2‐(1‐alkylhydrazino)‐6‐chloroquinoxaline 4‐oxides 1a,b with diethyl acetone‐dicarboxylate or 1,3‐cyclohexanedione gave ethyl 1‐alkyl‐7‐chloro‐3‐ethoxycarbonylmethylene‐1,5‐dihydropyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxaline‐3‐carboxylates 5a,b or 6‐alkyl‐10‐chloro‐1‐oxo‐1,2,3,4,6,12‐hexahydroquinoxalino[2,3‐c]cinnolines 7a,b , respectively. Oxidation of compounds 5a,b with nitrous acid afforded the ethyl 1‐alkyl‐7‐chloro‐3‐ethoxycarbonylmethylene‐4‐hydroxy‐1,4‐dihydropyridazino‐[3,4‐b]quinoxaline‐4‐carboxylates 9a,b , whose reaction with base provided the ethyl 2‐(1‐alkyl‐7‐chloro‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydropyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxalin‐3‐yl)acetates 6a,b , respectively. On the other hand, oxidation of compounds 7a,b with N‐bromosuccinimide/water furnished the 4‐(1‐alkyl‐7‐chloro‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydropyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxalin‐3‐yl)butyric acids 8a,b , respectively. The reaction of compound 8a with hydroxylamine gave 4‐(7‐chloro‐4‐hydroxyimino‐1‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxalin‐3‐yl)‐butyric acid 12 .     

The Synthesis of New Heterocycles Using 2‐(4‐Chloro‐1,3‐dihydro‐3,3,7‐trimethyl‐2H‐indol‐2‐ylidene) Propanedial

4‐Chloro‐2,3,3,7‐tetramethyl‐3H‐indole (an indolenine) was produced by the reaction of 5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride with 3‐methylbutan‐2‐one via Fischer reaction. Exposure of the indolenine to the Vilsmeier reagent at 50°C produced a β‐diformyl compound, 2‐(4‐chloro‐1,3‐dihydro‐3,3,7‐trimethyl‐2H‐indol‐2‐ylidene)propanedial. This dialdehyde was reacted with arylhydrazines, acetamidinium chloride, urea, thiourea, guanidinium chloride, and cyanoacetamide to give various 5‐membered and 6‐membered heterocyclic products, each carrying a 4‐chloro‐3,3,7‐trimethyl‐3H‐indol‐2‐yl unit as a substituent, in excellent yields.     

One‐pot three‐component synthesis of novel 2‐(3‐nitro‐phenyl)‐quinazoline‐4‐carboxylic acid derivatives

A simple and easy synthesis of 2‐(3‐nitro‐phenyl)‐quinazoline‐4‐carboxylic acid ( 3 ) has been successfully developed through a one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction of (2‐amino‐phenyl)‐oxo‐acetic acid sodium salt ( 1 ) obtained from the hydrolysis of isatin with ammonium acetate and 3‐nitrobenzaldehyde. Some novel quinazoline‐ester derivatives 4‐7 were then obtained by the reaction between the new compound 3 and various alcohols. Then, quinazoline‐amide derivatives 10‐14 were synthesized from the reaction of various amines and 2‐(3‐nitro‐phenyl)‐quinazoline‐4‐carbonyl chloride ( 8 ), obtained by the reaction of compound 3 with SOCl₂. Finally, some novel quinazoline‐azo derivatives 17‐19 were synthesized by the coupling reaction between β‐dicarbonyl compounds and the novel amino‐quinazoline derivative compound 15 , obtained by reduction of nitro‐quinazoline derivative compound 11 . Thus, a new series of quinazoline‐4‐carboxylic acid, ester, amide, and azo derivatives was synthesized and fully characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry analysis.     

Novel chalcones derived from 2‐chloro‐3‐formyl‐6‐methylquinoline

Molecules of (E)‐3‐(2‐chloro‐6‐methylquinolin‐3‐yl)‐1‐(5‐iodo‐2‐thienyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, C₁₇H₁₁ClINOS, (I), and (E)‐3‐(2‐chloro‐6‐methylquinolin‐3‐yl)‐1‐(5‐methyl‐2‐furyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, C₁₈H₁₄ClNO₂, (II), adopt conformations slightly twisted from coplanarity. Both structures are devoid of classical hydrogen bonds. However, nonclassical C—H...O/N interactions [with C...O = 3.146 (5) Å and C...N = 3.487 (3) Å] link the molecules into chains extended along the b axis in (I) and form dimers with an R₂²(8) motif in (II). The structural analysis of these compounds provides an insight into the correlation between molecular structures and intermolecular interactions in compounds for drug development.     

Oxidative Rearrangement of Isatins with Arylamines Using H2O2 as Oxidant: A Facile Synthesis of Quinazoline‐2,4‐diones and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity

A green and highly efficient synthetic method for the synthesis of quinazoline‐2,4‐diones with hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant has been developed. The reaction features the mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, metal‐free catalysts, and sole byproduct water. A plausible mechanism for this process was proposed. Moreover, an antibacterial activity study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities towards two Gram‐negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumonia ) and two Gram‐positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis , and Staphylococcus aureus ) using the Broth microdilution method.     

A simple synthesis of 4‐chloro‐5‐hydroxy‐1H‐benzo[g]indoles

The reaction of methyl 2‐(3‐chloro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)propenoate ( 2a ) with primary amines gave 4‐chloro‐5‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycarbonyl‐1H‐benzo[g]indoles 5a‐f as major compounds and 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐4,9‐dioxo‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[f]indoles 6a‐d as minor ones. Whereas the reaction of 3‐(3‐chloro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)‐3‐buten‐2‐one ( 2b ) with primary amines afforded the corresponding 1H‐benzo[g]indoles 5g‐i as major products and 3‐acetyl‐4,9‐dihydro‐4,9‐dioxo‐1H‐benzo[f]indoles 7g, h as minor products.     

Two isomeric 2‐[4‐chloro‐2‐fluoro‐5‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)phenyl]hexahydro­isoindole‐1,3‐dione compounds

The molecular structures of 2‐[4‐chloro‐2‐fluoro‐5‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)phenyl]‐1,3,4,5,6,7‐hexahydro­isoindole‐1,3‐dione, C₁₇H₁₃ClFNO₃, (I), and the isomeric compound 2‐[4‐chloro‐2‐fluoro‐5‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)phenyl]‐cis‐1,3,3a,4,7,7a‐hexahydro­isoindole‐1,3‐dione, (II), are, as anticipated, significantly different in their conformations and in the distances between the farthest two atoms. The six‐membered ring of the 1,3,4,5,6,7‐hexahydro­isoindole‐1,3‐dione moiety in (I) adopts a half‐chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the five‐membered dione ring of (I) and the benzene ring is 50.96 (7)°. The six‐membered ring of the cis‐1,3,3a,4,7,7a‐hexahydro­isoindole‐1,3‐dione moiety in (II) adopts a boat conformation. The dihedral angle in (II) between the five‐membered dione ring and the benzene ring is 61.03 (13)°. In the crystal structures, the molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak π–π interactions. Compound (I) is a much more potent herbicide than (II). The Cl⋯H distances between the farthest two atoms in (I) and (II) are 11.37 and 9.97 Å, respectively.     

Synthesis and conversion of 2‐(pyrazol‐1‐yl)quinoxaline 4‐oxides

The reaction of 6‐chloro‐2‐hydrazinoquinoxaline 4‐oxide 1b with acetylacetone or benzoylacetone gave 6‐chloro‐2‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐i‐yl)quinoxaline 4‐oxide 5a or 6‐chloro‐2‐(3‐methyl‐5‐phenylpyrazol‐1‐yl)quinoxaline 4‐oxide 5b , respXectively. Compound 5a or 5b was converted into the pyrrolo[1,5‐a]quinoxaline 6a or 6b , triazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxaline 9a or 9b , and tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoxaline 10.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Some Novel 2‐(5‐(4‐(1H‐Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)phenols Incorporated by Triazole Moiety

A novel series of 2‐(5‐(4‐(1H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)phenols derivative has been synthesized from (E)‐3‐(4‐(1H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones in ethanol and hydrazine hydrate under reflux condition. The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria viz Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and Gram‐negative bacteria viz Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, respectively. Some of the tested compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity. IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectral data, and elemental analysis elucidated the structures of all the newly synthesized compounds.     

Synthesis of 4‐(Phenylamino)quinazoline‐2(1H)‐selones and Diselenides from Isoselenocyanates: Dimroth Rearrangement of an Intermediate

The reaction of anthranilonitriles 8 with phenyl isoselenocyanates ( 1a ) in dry pyridine under reflux gave 4‐(phenylamino)quinazoline‐2(1H)‐selones 9 (Scheme 2). They are easily oxidized and converted to diselenides of type 11 . The analogous reaction of 8a with phenyl isothiocyanate ( 1b ) yielded the quinazoline‐2(1H)‐thione 10 (Scheme 2). A reaction mechanism via a Dimroth rearrangement of the primarily formed intermediate is presented in Scheme 3. The molecular structures of 10 and 11a have been established by X‐ray crystallography. Unexpectedly, no selone or diselenide was obtained in the case of the reaction with 3‐aminobenzo[b]furan‐2‐carbonitrile ( 14 ). The only product isolated was the selenide 16 (Scheme 4), the structure of which has been established by X‐ray crystallography.     

Reactions of 1,2‐dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazine‐2,4‐dithiones (trithioisatoic anhydrides) with N‐substituted benzylamines and trialkyl phosphites

Reactions of 1,2‐dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazine‐2,4‐dithiones (trithioisatoic anhydrides) 3 with N‐substi‐tuted benzylamines 9 gave 1,2‐dihydroquinazoline‐4‐thiones 10 , o‐thioureidodithiobenzoic acid 11 , o‐aminothiobenzamides 12 , 2‐amino‐3,1‐benzothiazine‐4‐thiones 13 , or quinazoline‐2,4‐dithiones 14 , depending on the kinds of amine and the reaction solvent. On the other hand, reaction of 3 with trialkyl phosphites afforded dialkyl (1,2‐dihydro‐2‐thioxo‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐yl)phosphonates 18 .     

One‐Pot Synthesis of 7‐chloro‐2‐arylthieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐3‐ols and Their Derivatization to the Corresponding Arylamino,Arylthio, and Aryloxy Derivatives

A simple and efficient domino reaction for synthesis of 7‐chloro‐2‐arylthieno[3,2‐b ]pyridin‐3‐ols ( 3 ) followed by derivatization into their corresponding aminoaryl ( 7a–7j ), aryloxy ( 9a–9c ), and thioaryloxy derivatives ( 8a–8k )is presented. The synthesis includes thioalkylation on 3‐position of methyl 4‐chloropicolinate ( 1 ) followed by in situ cyclization to give 7‐chloro‐2‐arylthieno[3,2‐b ]pyridin‐3‐ols ( 3 ). The substitution of the chloro group with amines, phenols and thiophenols afforded the corresponding derivatives.     

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel (4‐Fluorophenyl)(4‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐6‐aryl‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐1(6H)‐yl)methanone Derivatives

A novel series of (4‐fluorophenyl)(4‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐6‐aryl‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐1(6H)‐yl)methanone derivatives were synthesized from reaction of 6‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐4‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thiones with 4‐fluorobenzoylchloride in dichloromethane in the presence of triethylamine. The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Listeria monocytogenes MTCC657, and Gram negative bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, respectively. Some of the tested compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity.     

One‐Pot Syntheses of 2‐(2‐Sulfanyl‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐yl)acetic Acid Derivatives via Reactions of 3‐(2‐Isothiocyanatophenyl)prop‐2‐enoic Acid Derivatives with Thiols or Sodium Sulfide

Two efficient methods for the preparation of 2‐(2‐sulfanyl‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐yl)acetic acid derivatives 3 under mild conditions have been developed. The first method is based on the reaction of 3‐(2‐isothiocyanatophenyl)prop‐2‐enoates 1a – 1c with thiols in the presence of Et₃N in THF at room temperature, leading to the corresponding dithiocarbamate intermediates 2 , which underwent spontaneous cyclization at the same temperature by an attack of the S‐atom at the prop‐2‐enoyl moiety in a 1,4‐addition manner (Michael addition) to give 2‐(2‐sulfanyl‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐yl)acetates in one pot. The second method involves treatment of 3‐(2‐isothiocyanatophenyl)prop‐2‐enoic acid derivatives 1b – 1d with Na₂S leading to the formation of 2‐(2‐sodiosulfanyl‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐yl)acetic acid intermediates 5 by a similar addition/cyclization sequence, which are then allowed to react with alkyl or aryl halides to afford derivatives 3 . 2‐(2‐Thioxo‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐yl)acetic acid derivatives 6 can be obtained by omitting the addition of halides.     

Synthesis of herbicidal 3‐substituted‐4(3H)‐pyrimidinones under high pressure

The reaction of an N‐monosubstituted amidine with a β‐ketoester to afford a pyrimidinone is sluggish at best under normal conditions. We now report that this reaction can be effected in moderate yield under high pressure. Thus, 2,6‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl‐(N‐prop‐2‐ynyl)carboxamidine (4b) was reacted with three α‐substituted‐β‐ketoesters (2b‐d) at 10–16 kbar to afford herbicidal 2‐(2,6‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl)‐3‐(prop‐2‐ynyl)‐4(3H)‐pyrimidinones 5b and 5c in 15 ‐ 43% yield. This result expands the scope of reactions promoted by application of high pressure.