On the number of \(n\)-dimensional invariant spheres in polynomial vector fields of \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\)

We study the polynomial vector fields \(\mathcal{X}= \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n+1} P_i(x_1,\ldots,x_{n+1}) \frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}\) in \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\) with \(n\geq 1\) . Let \(m_i\) be the degree of the polynomial \(P_i\). We call \((m_1,\ldots,m_{n+1})\) the degree of \(\mathcal{X}\). For these polynomial vector fields \(\mathcal{X}\) and in function of their degree we provide upper bounds, first for the maximal number of invariant \(n\)-dimensional spheres, and second for the maximal number of \(n\)-dimensional concentric invariant spheres.     

一类三次系统的极限环II

讨论一类三次系统$$\begin{array}{ll}&\dot{x}=-y(1-ax)(1-bx)+\delta x-lx^3,\\[1mm]&\dot{y}=x(1-c_1x)(1-c_2x)\end{array}$$的极限环问题.这一系统包括了在$a=c_1,~b=c_2$且$a=-b$或$a=c_1,~b=c_2$或$a=c_1$的限制下的系统.去掉了全部这些限制,得到的极限环存在唯一性定理比以前已得到的相关的定理更具广泛性.     

Dynamics of Some Three-Dimensional Lotka–Volterra Systems

We characterize the dynamics of the following two Lotka–Volterra differential systems:

$$\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{lll} \dot{x}=x(r+a y+b z), &{} &{} \dot{x}=x(r+ax+b y+c z),\\ \dot{y}=y(r-a x+c z), &{} \quad \text{ and }\quad \quad &{} \dot{y}=y(r+a x+dy+e z),\\ \dot{z}=z(r-b x-c y), &{} &{} \dot{z}=z(r+a x+d y+fz). \end{array} \end{aligned}$$

We analyze the biological meaning of the dynamics of these Lotka–Volterra systems

     

Analytic Conjugation, Global Attractor, and the Jacobian

It is proved that the dilation \(\lambda f\) of an analytic map \(f\) on \({\bf C}^n$\) with \(f(0)=0,f'(0)=I, |\lambda|>1\) has an analytic conjugation to its linear part \(\lambda x\) if and only if \(f\) is an analytic automorphism on \({\bf C}^n\) and \(x=0\) is a global attractor for the inverse \((\lambda f)^{-1}\). This result is used to show that the dilation of the Jacobian polynomial of [12] is analyticly conjugate to its linear part.     

The Existence of Almost periodic Solutions of Singularly Perturbed Systems

First the author considers the system (1)$\frac{dx}{dt}=f(t,x,y,\varepsilon),\varepsilon\frac{dy}{dt}=g(t,x,y,\varepsilon)$ and its degenerate system (2)$\frac{dx}{dt}=f(t,x, y, 0), g(f, x, y, 0) =0$. In both noncritical and critical cases, sufficient conditions are established for the existence of almost periodic solutions of system (1) near the given solutions of system (2). The main method of proof is that, by performing suitable transformation, the author establishes exponential dichotomies, and then applies the theory of integral manifolds. Secondly, for the autonomous system (3) $\frac{dx}{dt}=f(x,y,\varepsilon),\varepsilon\frac{dy}{dt}=g(x,y,\varepsilon)$, analogous results are obtained by performing the generalized normal coordinate transformation.     

LIMIT CYCLES AND BIFURCATION CURVES FOR THE QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM （III）m=0 HAVING THREE ANTI-SADDLES （I）

For the quadratic system: x=-y δx lx2 ny2, y=x(1 ax-y) under conditions -10 the author draws in the (a, ()) parameter plane the global bifurcationdiagram of trajectories around O(0,0). Notice that when na2 l < 0 the system has one saddleN(0,1/n) and three anti-saddles.     

Bifurcation of limit cycles from the global center of a class of integrable non-Hamilton systems

In this paper, we consider the bifurcation of limit cycles for system $\dot{x}=-y(x^2+a^2)^m,~\dot{y}=x(x^2+a^2)^m$ under perturbations of polynomials with degree n, where $a\neq0$, $m\in \mathbb{N}$. By using the averaging method of first order, we bound the number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from periodic orbits of the center of the unperturbed system. Particularly, if $m=2, n=5$, the sharp bound is 5.     

NEW AXIOM SYSTEMS FOR THE SET THEORY

In the present paper we give four axiom systems for the set theory. First,the ZFC system may be given by:(1) the axiom of extensionality,(5) the axiom of replacement,(6) teh axiom of infinity,(7) teh axiom of regularity,(8) the axiom of choice and (A) the strong pairing set axiom, i.e.,\(\exists y\forall x(x\varepsilon y \equiv x \le a \vee x \le b)\), where \(x \le a\) will be defined in the next. Second, the ZFC system may also be given by (1)(6)(7)(8), and (B) the strong axiom of replacement, i.e., Fcn \(\phi \supset \exists y\forall x(x\varepsilon y \equiv \exists t{\kern 1pt} (t \le a \vee t \le b.{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \wedge \phi (t,x)))\), where \(\phi \) means that \(\phi \) is a function,i.e., \(\forall x\forall y\forall z(\phi (x,y) \wedge \phi (t,x)) \cdot \supset y = z)\). Third, the ZFC system may be strenthened as follows, (1)(6)(7)(A) and (C) the first strong axiom of concretion,i.e., \(\exists y\forall x(x\varepsilon y \equiv \psi (x)) \equiv \nabla (\psi )\) where \(\nabla (\psi )\) means that \(\forall \varphi {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} (Fcn{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \varphi \supset \exists u\bar \exists x(\psi (x) \wedge \psi (x,u)))\). Fourth,the ZFC system may also be strengthened as follows,(1)(2) the pairing set axiom, (3) the union set axiom, (4) the power set axiom, (6)(7) and (D) the second strong axiom of concretion, i.e.,\(\exists y\forall x(x\varepsilon y \equiv \psi (x)) \equiv \cdot \nabla (\psi ) \vee \nabla (\bar \psi )\). We should note that the last system possesses a kind of symmetry such that in it we may have the universal set, the complementary operation, and hence the principle of duality.     

On the limit cycles for a class of generalized Kukles differential systems

In this paper, we consider the limit cycles of a class of polynomial differential systems of the form $\dot{x}=-y, \hspace{0.2cm} \dot{y}=x-f(x)-g(x)y-h(x)y^{2}-l(x)y^{3},$ where $f(x)=\epsilon f_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}f_{2}(x),$ $g(x)=\epsilon g_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}g_{2}(x),$ $h(x)=\epsilon h_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}h_{2}(x)$ and $l(x)=\epsilon l_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}l_{2}(x)$ where $f_{k}(x),$ $g_{k}(x),$ $h_{k}(x)$ and $l_{k}(x)$ have degree $n_{1},$ $n_{2},$ $n_{3}$ and $n_{4},$ respectively for each $k=1,2,$ and $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter. We obtain the maximum number of limit cycles that bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center $\dot{x}=-y,$ $\dot{y}=x$ using the averaging theory of first and second order.     

Existence of generalized homoclinic solutions of a coupled KdV-type Boussinesq system under a small perturbation

This paper considers the coupled KdV-type Boussinesq system with a small perturbation $u_{xx}=6cv-6u-6uv+\varepsilon f(\varepsilon,u,u_{x},v,v_{x}),$ $ v_{xx}=6cu-6v-3u^{2}+\varepsilon g(\varepsilon,u,u_{x},v,v_{x}),$ where $c=1+\mu$, $\mu>0$ and $\varepsilon$ are small parameters. The linear operator has a pair of real eigenvalues and a pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues. We first change this system into an equivalent system with dimension 4, and then show that its dominant system has a homoclinic solution and the whole system has a periodic solution if the perturbation functions $g$ and $h$ satisfy some conditions. By using the contraction mapping theorem, the perturbation theorem, and the reversibility, we theoretically prove that this homoclinic solution, when higher order terms are added, will persist and exponentially approach to the obtained periodic solution (called generalized homoclinic solution) for small $\varepsilon$ and $\mu>0$.     

LIMIT CYCLES OF THE GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL LINARD DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS

Using the averaging theory of first and second order we study the maximum number of limit cycles of generalized Linard differential systems{x = y + εh_l~1(x) + ε~2h_l~2(x),y=-x- ε(f_n~1(x)y~(2p+1) + g_m~1(x)) + ∈~2(f_n~2(x)y~(2p+1) + g_m~2(x)),which bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center x = y,y=-x,where ε is a small parameter.The polynomials h_l~1 and h_l~2 have degree l;f_n~1and f_n~2 have degree n;and g_m~1,g_m~2 have degree m.p ∈ N and[·]denotes the integer part function.     

On the asymptotic behaviour of the ideal counting function in quadratic number fields

LetK be a quadratic number field with discriminantD and denote byF(n) the number of integral ideals with norm equal ton. Forr≥1 the following formula is proved $$\sum\limits_{n \leqslant x} {F(n)F(n + r) = M_K (r)x + E_K (x,r).} $$ HereM _k (r) is an explicitly determined function ofr which depends onK, and for every ε>0 the error term is bounded by \(|E_K (x,r)|<< |D|^{{3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2} + \varepsilon } x^{{5 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {5 6}} \right. \kern-0em} 6} + \varepsilon } \) uniformly for \(r<< |D|^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}} x^{{5 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {5 6}} \right. \kern-0em} 6}} \) Moreover,E _k (x,r) is small on average, i.e \(\int_X^{2X} {|E_K (x,r)|^2 dx}<< |D|^{4 + \varepsilon } X^{{5 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {5 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2} + \varepsilon } \) uniformly for \(r<< |D|X^{{3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 4}} \right. \kern-0em} 4}} \) .     

Condition for generating limit cycles by bifurcation of the loop of a saddle-point separatrix

In paper [1] (On the stability of a saddle-point separatrix loop and analytical criterion for its bifurcation limit cycles Acta Mathematica Sinica Vol. 28. No. 1, 55–70, Bejing China 1985), we considered the problem of generating limit cycles by the bifurcation of a stable or an unstable loop of a saddle-point separatrix. We gave for the first time a criterion for the stability of the loop as following:L ₀ is stable (unstable) if \(\int_{ - \infty }^\infty {(P'_{0x} + Q'_{0y} )dt< 0(0 > 0)} \) wherex=?(t),y=?(t) then a sufficient condition for the bifurcation which generates limit cycles. This paper generalizes the result of [1] to the case where the loop contains a center or the loop tends to an infinite saddle-point, and removes the restriction that the saddle-point should be an elementary singular point. Applying the results of this paper, the author studies a two-parameter system $$\left\{ \begin{gathered} x = lx^2 + y^2 - y + 5\varepsilon xy \hfill \\ y = (3l + 5)xy + x + \varepsilon x^2 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.$$ The results obtained by the author in this in real field coincides with the results given by Prof. Qin Yuanxun by means of the complex qualitative theory in complex field.     

Effective Reducibility of a Class of Linear Differential Equations with Quasiperiodic Coefficients

In this paper we consider the effective reducibility of the following linear differentialequation: x = (A ∈Q(t,∈))x, |∈| ≤ ∈0, where A is a constant matrix, Q(t,e) is quasiperiodic in t, and e is a small perturbation parameter. We prove that if the eigenvalues of A and the basic frequencies of Q satisfy some non-resonant conditions, the linear differential equation can be reduced to y = (A^*(∈) R^*(t, ∈))y, |∈| ≤ ∈o, where R^* is exponentially small in ∈.     

Justification of the averaging method for a system of singularly perturbed differential equations with impulses

The averaging method is justified for a system of singularly perturbed differential equations of the form $$\dot x(t) = X\left( {t,\frac{t}{\varepsilon },x(t),y(t),\varepsilon } \right),\varepsilon \dot y(t) = Y(t,x(t),y(t))$$ , in the presence of impulses.     

Permanence for a delayed predator-prey model of prey dispersal in two-patch environments

In this paper, we study the following delayed predator-prey model of prey dispersal in two-patch environments $$\begin{array}{rcl}\dot{x}_1(t)&=&\displaystyle x_1(t)[r_1(t)-a_{11}(t)x_1(t)-a_{13}(t)y(t)]+D(t)(x_2(t)-x_1(t)),\\[3mm]\dot{x}_2(t)&=&\displaystyle x_2(t)[r_2(t)-a_{22}(t)x_2(t)-a_{23}(t)y(t)]+D(t)(x_1(t)-x_2(t)),\\[3mm]\dot{y}(t)&=&\displaystyle y(t)[-r_3(t)+a_{31}(t)x_1(t-\tau_1)+a_{32}(t)x_2(t-\tau _1)-a_{33}(t)y(t-\tau_2)].\end{array}$$ By giving the detail analyzing of the right-hand side functional of the system, sufficient and necessary condition which guarantee the predator and the prey species to be permanent are obtained. Numeric simulations show the feasibility of main results. In additional to the above, sufficient condition on the permanence of the above system with predator density-independence are established.     

Existence of Generalized Traveling Waves in Time Recurrent and Space Periodic Monostable Equations

This paper is concerned with the extension of the concepts and theories of traveling wave solutions of time and space periodic monostable equations to time recurrent and space periodic ones.&nbsp; It first introduces the concept of generalized traveling wave solutions of time recurrent and space&nbsp;periodic monostable equations, which extends the concept of periodic traveling wave solutions of time and space periodic monostable equations to time recurrent and space periodic ones.&nbsp;It then proves that in the direction of any unit vector \(\xi\), there is \(c^*(\xi)\) such that for any \(c&gt;c^*(\xi)\), a generalized traveling wave solution in the direction of \(\xi\) with averaged propagation speed \(c\) exists. It also proves that if the time recurrent and space periodic&nbsp;monostable equation is indeed time periodic, then \(c^*(\xi)\) is the minimal wave speed in the direction of&nbsp;\(\xi\)&nbsp;and the generalized traveling wave solution in the direction of&nbsp;\(\xi\)&nbsp;with averaged speed \(c&gt;c^*(\xi)\) is a periodic traveling wave solution with speed \(c\), which recovers the existing results on the existence of periodic traveling wave solutions in the direction of&nbsp;\(\xi\)&nbsp;with speed greater than the minimal speed in that direction.     

一类三次系统极限环的唯一性和唯二性

讨论了一类三次系统x=-y(1-βx2)-(a1x a2x2 a3x3),y=b1x b2x2 b3x3的极限环问题.对包含一个奇点或多个奇点的极限环的唯一性和唯二性给出了若干充分条件.     

Proof of the Jacobian Conjecture in the Two-Dimensional Case and Global Isochronous Centers of Polynomial Hamiltonian Differential Systems

Differential Equations - It is proved that, up to a nonsingular linear transformation, the real Hamiltonian system $$\dot {x}=-y-P(x) $$ , $$\dot {y}=x+(y+P(x))P^{\prime }(x) $$ , where $$P(x) $$...     

Existence of positive solutions for periodic boundary value problem with sign-changing Green’s function

We prove the existence of positive solutions for the boundary value problem

$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} y^{\prime \prime }+m^{2}y=\lambda g(t)f(y), &{}\quad 0\le t\le 2\pi , \\ y(0)=y(2\pi ), &{}\quad y^{\prime }(0)=y^{\prime }(2\pi ), \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

for certain range of the parameter \(\lambda >0\), where \(m\in (1/2,1/2+\varepsilon )\) with \(\varepsilon >0\) small, and f is superlinear or sublinear at \(\infty \) with no sign-conditions at 0 assumed.